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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6724" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0018f7ca-cbb2-4943-a2dc-37f7249963e0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" ID-ZooBank="A75EEE9FF43B4B56BCF914CCB1238C64" ModsDocID="1860-1324-67-2-183" checkinTime="1621372313705" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bernhard, Seifert" docDate="2020" docId="87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 67(2): 183-196" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (2)" docPubDate="2020-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199" docTitle="Plagiolepis atlantis Santschi 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. - a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1732747480737" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="50B6BCC25D962C89721DC6E5000589FB">Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. - a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BEA7249F53AD01D261613A89238C1A6A">Bernhard, Seifert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BFC422254DCDF3427A7F514BDEEC01D">Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Goerlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Goerlitz, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="A5CCDBC41026C603BB72EC8D61DF7B0A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="14135E0C2AC3985356ED2AFB701D1D59" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="FD04E66F00D30CD9CE9FF0BEC5BDF212" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4986D45A12BC4CF469A4BAAB26677807" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="379F03B1BCC1E340DE8AA83964412233" LSID="87F385B4-C973-5E24-B09B-F4BCDC00A842" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">Plagiolepis atlantis Santschi, 1920</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F21E373FEE2337624C0DF53E2ED27A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="EC146DD303EC2B6ACEB8333FB184288C" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="3421645BC44D813147DF4C28B316F585" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura subsp. var. var. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="maura" subSpecies="var." variety="atlantis">Plagiolepis maura var. atlantis</taxonomicName>
Santschi, 1920 Three gyne and five worker syntypes were investigated from NHM Basel, labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName id="DD89A996C2AAB77E7728280E1AC5D434" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiolepis</taxonomicName>
Type
<taxonomicName id="2FEEBE55D39C1D48B34A4D638184C0E0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">Plagiolepis maura</taxonomicName>
Sants v.
<taxonomicName id="E2BBCF29EFB3FD9804BA20C6977EA442" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">Plagiolepis atlantis</taxonomicName>
Santi&quot;,
<normalizedToken id="BC211EA3A5A1852E743BC652F9FF1AD9" originalValue="“13.”">&quot;13.&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Tunisie Dir el Kef Dr. F. Santschi&quot;, &quot;mai 1913&quot;,
<normalizedToken id="562E41B524919D0A3A4EDE08763A7A26" originalValue="“type”">&quot;type&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;ANTWEB CASENT0912421&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B57CB52B03A1ACD2E688A0AE7ABB1A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="DFE1B84AF58EF2948E03B6E1E2FA850B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii subsp. crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="schmitzii" subSpecies="crosi">Plagiolepis schmitzii crosi</taxonomicName>
Santschi, 1920 [syn.
<taxonomicName id="55C2537AC2BA2C14B6F1A593EF84EFA3" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">Plagiolepis atlantis</taxonomicName>
] Three type workers were investigated from NHM Basel, labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName id="1D85D00E3C1138BFA6BD17B010BB6EE4" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiolepis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="849BA24DDF594BDD2CDAA07310FC26A8" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crosi">Plagiolepis crosi</taxonomicName>
. Sants&quot;, &quot;Algerie Mascara A-Cros.&quot; and &quot;ANTWEB CASENT0912429&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="208944634BAE72C65DCCCB158A7B16F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="183E95BB0CA5648AA959E7BAB1F02BA2" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis pallescens subsp. var. var. kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallescens" subSpecies="var." variety="kabyla">Plagiolepis pallescens var. kabyla</taxonomicName>
Santschi, 1920 [syn.
<taxonomicName id="5817BFFBCAC618FF89CEB7A08C2EDE94" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">Plagiolepis atlantis</taxonomicName>
] Three type workers were investigated from NHM Basel, labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName id="C659C3B687A48F4F04A545832E94EE29" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">Plagiolepis maura</taxonomicName>
Sant v.
<taxonomicName id="E4E01E78457AF398C56745A5EA7865EC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabyla">Plagiolepis kabyla</taxonomicName>
Sant type&quot;, &quot;Tunisie Ain Draham Santschi 1913&quot;,
<normalizedToken id="68CB350FA7365518D611CD1CC21BD1DA" originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;ANTWEB CASENT0912423&quot;. The type specimens are pale yellowish and thus paler than usually seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C03C675CE03E8D6E40AB1C4B10D1E4AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="A3457A6E7A5472FAAF9609AF06A1B509" authorityName="Salata, Borowiec &amp; Radchenko" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perperamus">Plagiolepis perperamus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1714E495EF4F42A50A342F267B086997" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
[syn.
<taxonomicName id="4B0F9D3AEC7E5CE6F2A2078077173090" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">Plagiolepis atlantis</taxonomicName>
] Three paratypes were investigated from the holotype nest, labelled
<normalizedToken id="C1B99B3C7558BE8DF4740336AD0E5F77" originalValue="“LBC-GR00042”">&quot;LBC-GR00042&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;GREECE NW Crete | 3 km S Askifou 800 m a.s.l.| 35°16'N/24°10'E | 1 V 2007. L.&amp; M.L. Borowiec&quot;; depository DBU Wroclaw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E4B21E81E7D86726154BAFCBB2C5569" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F858ECFA699CE1638F88CEB778750352" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26EA30946DA2EDCE1A7BDE388F549DCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
A total of 20 samples with
<specimenCount id="1806DF749CD66578AF9788B366715438" type="worker">56 workers</specimenCount>
were subject to morphometric investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EAA9BCA3B002E5963F30772ED086A02B" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<materialsCitation id="10A55729AE5014C82474742E49283747" collectingDate="1965-05-14" collectingDateMax="1986-04-13" collectingDateMin="1965-05-14" collectorName="de Temet" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" elevation="5" latitude="35.4" location="Col de Temet" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mascara" typeStatus="type">
<emphasis id="4950B625C0B814D7EFB043F8C47D1CB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<collectingCountry id="46825A49B9F38C5935B256E8BF6DB2BE" name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="55A2CDFE85B0928489E162C4B9139AEE">Azeffoun</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingDate id="FE6458705E66B79BFB220A93EE526BE0" value="1986-04-13">1986.04.13</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="C9D2580255B17E78286C9C94E8DE1D1D" degrees="36.89" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.89">36.89°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="40913301EFCC3EAF12B7187AFCCF05E8" degrees="4.41" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="4.41">4.41°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="2CB78471CECC52646563FFF12A91AA18" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">
<elevation id="919CAA39C04E2010F87743DAA66B4B53" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<collectingMunicipality id="7D0CA4F662A598B94F470046E286FE36">Chrea</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingDate id="9893304BD81B0A6374AFAA20C43C4604" value="1965-05-14">1965.05.14</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="71CEABE8BDA90AE35B4020E02D59014A" degrees="36.47" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.47">36.47°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9F1FA6BE4BB5A73D075D9F9A09EDD085" degrees="2.91" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="2.91">2.91°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7AD96ED853AF818F1AEF457E130C87E8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="FD697EBC7F2B1C4E903AD9366AF5C2A4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<location id="89CC9806CBF1F94F8C38E69CF9A94777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:89CC9806CBF1F94F8C38E69CF9A94777" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="Col de Temet" stateProvince="Mascara">
Col
<collectorName id="38B657C16B5A194F88E8C6AFD5E50B3B">de Temet</collectorName>
</location>
,
<collectingDate id="0D31C89F75CDA4AE1769076DEF1E269E" value="1986-04-06">1986.04.06</collectingDate>
, samples
<location id="755A1555E00F018FBAC10358C87AFD1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:755A1555E00F018FBAC10358C87AFD1A" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="No" stateProvince="Mascara">No</location>
12518-12522 [
<geoCoordinate id="AE87D4C9FEE3E28CA87DF279F42A591E" degrees="35.596" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.596">35.596°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD69208AE9B1CB874202E7D6661A92CC" degrees="0.050" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="0.05">0.050°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="6B49C043015DF948BE4D26FF69DF13CA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="F0AA09BBB184778F1C61AA60FA431FDB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<location id="8942B7DB964796BCEB74CDC54F52BC23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:8942B7DB964796BCEB74CDC54F52BC23" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="Dshebel Chelia" stateProvince="Mascara">Dshebel Chelia</location>
,
<collectingDate id="2D0DF01ADAB6FA649CF8AE3756FB62AD" value="1986-04-06">1986.04.06</collectingDate>
,
<location id="2AE8EB1D8323E11CCC97120B22F5F195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:2AE8EB1D8323E11CCC97120B22F5F195" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="No" stateProvince="Mascara">No</location>
12509 [
<geoCoordinate id="9362C75EC98C65293103AFF783B38E74" degrees="35.32" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.32">35.32°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6934C60A0908897D9B5B3344DA5FA147" degrees="6.66" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="6.66">6.66°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="24BE91F0BFBC64D8CE1AE1A071A5CC02" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="3C4A8EDBCF9D88ECB0DDB14F1D818447" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<location id="F3BF22751904D235E0590D97DE31A3A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:F3BF22751904D235E0590D97DE31A3A1" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="Marnia" stateProvince="Mascara">Marnia</location>
,
<location id="C4F1C0DBBD9E0330B3EA131F0DBCEFCD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:C4F1C0DBBD9E0330B3EA131F0DBCEFCD" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="Cap. Boitel" stateProvince="Mascara">Cap. Boitel</location>
(
<location id="A9D6BD5C6B44098211AB8FD6FF2158BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:A9D6BD5C6B44098211AB8FD6FF2158BC" country="Algeria" county="Azeffoun" latitude="35.4" longLatPrecision="716" longitude="0.14" municipality="Chrea" name="Santschi" stateProvince="Mascara">Santschi</location>
) [
<geoCoordinate id="0C3CDCBBF1BD7B6D838F90662348641E" degrees="34.85" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="34.85">34.85°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C317B6410EBB617CFF5C00C5D7A644B4" degrees="1.73" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-1.73">1.73°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="735F20D2DFA7173EEE877FE8BE02372B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="410.0">
<elevation id="2827FE110712CB693DF2A2A353A8FAED" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<collectingRegion id="19A14F95FD6A01209F61131A2BCFCFFE" country="Algeria" name="Mascara">Mascara</collectingRegion>
, 1920,
<typeStatus id="66125BEEE89F90E69D4C5AB4CCC8728A">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="822DD29FD3A9F59CAC03ECDE91DE3E1E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crosi">
<emphasis id="2FE73FC643BA9B9DE7696EFDA0B93A9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. crosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<geoCoordinate id="7C7BAD9D1EE0847636FB050B6863DB4A" degrees="35.40" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.4">35.40°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3D644416DC95B681C3798699F4BA14DD" degrees="0.14" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="0.14">0.14°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="F0DA7B5F0BCB21955395B69ADF02CA99" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.029999999999999" unit="m" value="603.0">
<elevation id="DBD606CFCC8E1A0D7751C670A26A2122" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.029999999999999" unit="m" value="603.0">603 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="EE1574A14D3E07130F249A7B5EFDB9E1" collectingDate="2007-05-01" collectingDateMax="2012-05-23" collectingDateMin="2007-05-01" collectorName="Kassandra, Sividri, Lesbos, Petri" country="Greece" elevation="4" latitude="39.323" location="Agios Nikolaos" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="26.192" municipality="Agios Mamas" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<emphasis id="BED281A5EAD2911BA66848E4605B9354" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<collectingCountry id="2D84B4ED6BD45A6A54D54BBB815E4CCB" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="16741A8C5A52A229B9889FD2080742E7">Agios Mamas</collectingMunicipality>
, salines,
<collectingDate id="36E94D240A5984B1FDCCF2BE77585105" value="2009-09-04">2009.09.04</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="7817996F4EABB810BAAC8E156DB68701" degrees="40.217" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.217">40.217°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B19B1F0C4C60C9B537974A762EACEFFC" degrees="23.333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="23.333">23.333°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="55904018F027FA5ED5B8A7C1F763D3D7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="D2FB6377ACC4B0544099A29C2375AF23" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<location id="B3275FE85C042D44F390C7F54CFBC21E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:B3275FE85C042D44F390C7F54CFBC21E" country="Greece" latitude="39.323" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="26.192" municipality="Agios Mamas" name="Agios Nikolaos">Agios Nikolaos</location>
-
<quantity id="1986D2AD6B3F597950B7447EFEE12CC5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
E,
<collectingDate id="9180C09FE23CDE1F9F571A935E58F15A" value="2010-04-19">2010.04.19</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="1FB14DF75CCCDAC6765467493520FABA" degrees="38.894" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="38.894">38.894°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="75615F33203BEE4DAAD11C054C9FDBB9" degrees="21.889" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="21.889">21.889°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="F0119CAFBA44CDE854D6E91FB3F236F9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" unit="m" value="1112.0">
<elevation id="9C806138F39CC869BC0C8D84756929A2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" unit="m" value="1112.0">1112 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]; Askifou-
<quantity id="5574C62937A95BBE6296DA788A8BB880" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
S,
<collectingDate id="CC2C9C144EF5C1A3E414F2A8784F33D8" value="2007-05-01">2007.05.01</collectingDate>
,
<typeStatus id="5060002BD8D931169C50E03004DEAF49">type</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="23182A43F46573BA73EC5C7DE01C4F46" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perperamus">
<emphasis id="24DDEDD5B3CF44D201CB30418A3FA59C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. perperamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<geoCoordinate id="E8AAE4C3003060CD91F3F1A2B58C40FF" degrees="35.267" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.267">35.267°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="97F6A94AF919B2BA5CF8F6DF07EF5CBB" degrees="24.176" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="24.176">24.176°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="59D251A6F1E921D0E1B27EA737CEB914" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="93C69A87F92A41154D89BD93DB4EDA53" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<collectorName id="A7F83BD9348F6DFC9E8CC54D42E63C29">Kassandra</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F3DDF99D74628C536620D469B74F8AF">Sividri</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="FE897FDDB7597D3A0AD925DC4CABA190" value="2009-08-25">2009.08.25</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="DA416B43EEF15CC1FF19FEDB55AB8727" degrees="40.033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.033">40.033°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B138E014245CFC3315D890F2D9C811C7" degrees="23.350" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="23.35">23.350°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="1136AE7096919FFCC40E86AAD4CF6C5E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="6.0">
<elevation id="01D2D2A47920726CBB46AE3C61C8028B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<collectorName id="0F020C3B805914AF25B0E96E37A12243">Lesbos</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="CF92A871966A09AC6A65657718F1B78C">Petri</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="7BD5FD02EEC221DDAB5D22574B4F3325" value="2012-05-23">2012.05.23</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="88ADEA9B19E9D7359C6F63FCD49D6B22" degrees="39.323" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="39.323">39.323°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AB2017E4519D518B5B489A678F199F7E" degrees="26.192" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="26.192">26.192°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="949FA306EBB4B8294DC4C17AF4C68AE9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="158.0">
<elevation id="B6D6AC92EBDAAE532C5FF1C602D5AF26" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="158.0">158 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="997749A864A24A48CB3A36BC494A60D4" collectingDate="1987-05-04" collectingDateMax="1987-05-05" collectingDateMin="1987-05-04" country="Morocco" elevation="137" latitude="30.889" location="No" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-8.37" municipality="Sidi" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="A929DE0FD85E2879A58AD479A654F626" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<collectingCountry id="C5FA6C8C74A75842722D0EC44AB460A5" name="Morocco">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="3FE7B9B8B1E6B28077E3D8CC0E911FAC">Sidi</collectingMunicipality>
Smail-
<quantity id="4C3CE92C5860ED59CB90FC81755638D5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
N,
<collectingDate id="F2F605E55DC05BFC45EFFF75CBCE9885" value="1987-05-04">1987.05.04</collectingDate>
,
<location id="AB3E87A3C9C56BB54E89A1ADE3E99C6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:AB3E87A3C9C56BB54E89A1ADE3E99C6F" country="Morocco" latitude="30.889" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-8.37" municipality="Sidi" name="No">No</location>
12991 [
<geoCoordinate id="5745442830E76C188C8677CDE172985E" degrees="32.873" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="32.873">32.873°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2EC8C1588196D2687EF3F3EF03EC39A5" degrees="8.876" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-8.876">8.876°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4F4EF404CAD2B55B193828AE41C8BE6B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" unit="m" value="137.0">
<elevation id="593B43377A8E275A3133438672ED83F8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" unit="m" value="137.0">137 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]; Tiz-n-Test-
<quantity id="02652008A166EB0CB9B8F67EBC61E424" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
N,
<collectingDate id="8064D005F6A468CB4CC4A11C6A1D1195" value="1987-05-05">1987.05.05</collectingDate>
[
<geoCoordinate id="CAA777B5E08B4AED18E46247E299A0BA" degrees="30.889" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="30.889">30.889°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9DF6404FBF2897BBFCEB6090A7265705" degrees="8.370" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-8.37">8.370°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C0E5FBF31981902EEB4A3EAA032FB8C9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="1810.0">
<elevation id="D33557B99FA27ADFCE77DF8DB8858BD4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="1810.0">1810 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A5F7A7F6AD949D0A527E6BD71A1E3B02" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="Dir" country="Tunisia" elevation="764" latitude="36.17" location="Ain Draham" longLatPrecision="713" longitude="8.7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="el Kef" typeStatus="type">
<emphasis id="B03D9A7481C48C26ED37F457C30AAA97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<collectingCountry id="54BE0BE256B2C251F1FBC4095B48D6F2" name="Tunisia">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="8786E69A818CBB1969D3DE9990A2635F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:8786E69A818CBB1969D3DE9990A2635F" country="Tunisia" latitude="36.17" longLatPrecision="713" longitude="8.7" name="Ain Draham" stateProvince="el Kef">Ain Draham</location>
, 1913,
<typeStatus id="2AA69125395DEFE9993580223CDD1B08">type</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="20203D0922532B5441287B1D1792B6E6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabyla">
<emphasis id="A3E75337AACBCE70FD68A4D1F75DC925" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. kabyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<geoCoordinate id="F3E1286A7AC2F6DCBA5C61F7AE2E3E94" degrees="36.779" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="36.779">36.779°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C22C641073917AA2E40577DCA7A25CE0" degrees="8.687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="8.687">8.687°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4B0770D32E0E1734919FD86CCFEFE5BD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.64" unit="m" value="764.0">
<elevation id="94C65C6031C1AA2CD13330B3466AE096" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.64" unit="m" value="764.0">764 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.];
<collectorName id="732FA7B59FE460508FFEBA917DDD7D68">Dir</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="FCF49FC28DA9AF5DD5FB9C41930B8B5B" country="Tunisia" name="Kef">el Kef</collectingRegion>
, 1913.05,
<typeStatus id="9CC1272E006BD93D5E6CBE8DB546B85B">type</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="22583AA4D5A1E438D9C60B76D3B4911D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="9D0F022B50F101436F2DBBBBE11C7E54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<geoCoordinate id="3DA4756BFAE9638B1FA46C4D342D6CE0" degrees="36.17" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.17">36.17°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9A32759E66BA7E8A40EDDDA2EBBD4EF7" degrees="8.70" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="8.7">8.70°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E5CB4EE2BD2D5EAC08D5F17844F77A8B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9399999999999995" unit="m" value="594.0">
<elevation id="87DA0B10C4225B94C41B64CDEEFB5A2C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9399999999999995" unit="m" value="594.0">594 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="502B4F5A355468E5315E53076F3811D5" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" country="Turkey" elevation="890" latitude="39.93" location="Santschi" longLatPrecision="700" longitude="32.86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ankara">
<emphasis id="7FC9F72BEC7C798FF4F3A934A0CDB6AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<collectingCountry id="673A3C1E3E31DB2D55F5B72A04E72E88" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="F63263B0E725B2B4310E6538EDC736DF" country="Turkey" name="Ankara">Ankara</collectingRegion>
(
<location id="C5B916BD68C03FCC2EA278E9DEFD79B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87F385B4C9735E24B09BF4BCDC00A842:C5B916BD68C03FCC2EA278E9DEFD79B1" country="Turkey" latitude="39.93" longLatPrecision="700" longitude="32.86" name="Santschi" stateProvince="Ankara">Santschi</location>
) [
<geoCoordinate id="24767B2E96934BDB4B33CDEB5B890260" degrees="39.93" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="39.93">39.93°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EF33D14EBCB65BB3C5070412343CD12A" degrees="32.86" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="32.86">32.86°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="96832BDE43346102F3F9971893394656" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" unit="m" value="890.0">
<elevation id="B5B2D01905579E133DBBE9B13C40E7B1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" unit="m" value="890.0">890 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF894151259A1CBB74DC544786F12C94" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EBF2A43C4807679F39D444E797CDBB70" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis and taxonomy</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50774C0B66C6CA0C999121E18FF99F89" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
(Table
<tableCitation id="7B96A8D407E3E98CC8E9173B8635EA60" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. RAV-corrected morphometric data of worker individuals of the Plagiolepis schmitzii complex given as arithmetic mean + / - standard deviation [minimum, maximum]; n = number of individuals. F values and significance levels p are from a univariate ANOVA and evaluate the differences between Pl. atlantis and Pl. invadens sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" tableUuid="D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB">1</tableCitation>
, key, AntWeb, 2020: pictures of specimen CASENT0912421):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84DB8F92BC62DB7DB06C8EA2C4C2D77A" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
The clear separation from
<taxonomicName id="B0E330478D5C85FDD4B7C665222AEFC8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="1EA18169B2D5FA4F5562CAABD6FFCE6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses has been demonstrated above. As Santschi described the synonyms
<taxonomicName id="B41022EF36C55B60CCA65AE02F7E1B23" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="3A9F5F3C7DB1761F05BD26FA51D553FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FE31F4F02E2E9DBF1496730F7C597076" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crosi">
<emphasis id="8F730FBAACEAB3832947BF1AD0BBFFCF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. crosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A0593FDE4370E307518B4BB887916A34" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabyla">
<emphasis id="DD84D4A4BE9F2C25485FB44746A7BB8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. kabyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the same paper (
<bibRefCitation id="1687BC000D82537FAAF53EDE5DFFAF25" author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="163 - 186" refId="B12" refString="Santschi, F, 1920. Cinq nouvelles sur les fourmis. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 53: 163 - 186" title="Cinq nouvelles sur les fourmis." volume="53" year="1920">Santschi 1920</bibRefCitation>
), the priority of
<taxonomicName id="7B2547F988B44C4178B8831A85DA9CCD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="B53309BA840F1564B027A1141187C3E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was fixed by the
<normalizedToken id="E7DA0C987ABD1E9EA08C23EEE89E8595" originalValue="reviser’s">reviser's</normalizedToken>
decision.
<taxonomicName id="8F76D46B8CB95A2F1813D50CEB54FF69" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="3EAF15C01D3F7A1AAB770239DC4ED4A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="CBF0F72070845D65CB0F576DC359494B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbara">
<emphasis id="C4B8622E66E22D62A4CF218324CBAE81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. barbara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smaller eyes and larger preocular and postocular distance and from
<taxonomicName id="41D62C7F29750FA2506507247BB4F22C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. invadens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invadens">
<emphasis id="34E15311978F933ECC90A20054D98329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. invadens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by a much longer 3rd funiculus segment. For the clear separation from these species by exploratory data analyses, see there.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="831B0A0DA18F3D59DC04E1D66E67CD32" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
It is my duty here to comment on the paper of
<bibRefCitation id="C619367D5D4AE70BDDCC9956E0F7E6E6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. These authors introduced a new species
<taxonomicName id="49B540E5E22CC36A936BE512953796EA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perperamus">
<emphasis id="119D95C0D60C2545E6272F8B7D183AF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. perperamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and made attempts to suggest its heterospecificity from
<taxonomicName id="D5FD2456C8B769673318096982B735A8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="198A816C413055FA2B75F01FDC0FE8D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Regarding the morphological separation of the two entities, they wrote nothing but two sentences: &quot;...their separation using morphological characters such as size, body colouration and gaster setosity is very challenging (Table
<tableCitation id="D4CFB06D02693C77C56E04CB82A88D3B" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. RAV-corrected morphometric data of worker individuals of the Plagiolepis schmitzii complex given as arithmetic mean + / - standard deviation [minimum, maximum]; n = number of individuals. F values and significance levels p are from a univariate ANOVA and evaluate the differences between Pl. atlantis and Pl. invadens sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" tableUuid="D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB">1</tableCitation>
). In most cases both species differ in length of gaster setosity. In
<taxonomicName id="D3A35F6EEB28D973D510084436996F6C" lsidName="P. perperamus" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="perperamus">
<emphasis id="8562EB2F512E05BD478908FE869BFF5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">P. perperamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
setae are long enough to cover at least 1/2 of the length of following setae and in
<taxonomicName id="D12027A7AABBDB0591C395A408FBD068" lsidName="P. schmitzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="5C212106D62B280E15B83F168E818E07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">P. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they cover approximately 1/4 of the length of the following setae&quot;. Firstly, I agree with
<bibRefCitation id="20D0A78D1CAE683701542B92986804E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
that the separation is challenging. Data of absolute measurements and body ratios given in their table 1 show, indeed, a huge interspecific overlap for any presented character, making a reader believe that these characters could be useless for species separation. Secondly, the authors are not familiar with the accepted terminology of ant morphology. What they have called
<normalizedToken id="116090424387480C6DAFCCCF8887398D" originalValue="“setosity”">&quot;setosity&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="BD2742AE43333DCFCD7874D5EBDA5CC1" originalValue="“setae”">&quot;setae&quot;</normalizedToken>
truly refer to pubescence which dramatically differs in size, spatial arrangement and microstructure of the hairs from those structures consistently named by dead and living ant taxonomist as true setae or pilosity. Thirdly, if only the length of gastral pubescence hairs were believed to be a rather good separating character, why did Salata et al. not present concrete data in their table 1? Having measured these data carefully and in a larger sample, they would have become aware that a weak difference of mean values is invalidated in its taxonomic significance by a huge overlap range. According to investigations presented here, absolute length of pubescence hairs on dorsum of 1st gaster tergite (PLG) in micron as the mean of seven measurements per individual and over the whole geographic range is 30.6
<normalizedToken id="B0A0D9A5076771AC9087439F96FF05C5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.0 [26.5, 35.4] in 64 workers of
<taxonomicName id="53858978829EACFFF36AA202B775833D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="8E28C8AA6BED10BB67B68A32F38BDC3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 32.8
<normalizedToken id="4838656795C68A5FC0CFF1318B6C3BF2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.3 [28.0, 38.1] in 56 workers of
<taxonomicName id="DFB27358CB27754AA29932301FE4D820" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="8B74E139A06B91093BCA996ACA8A4271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="E5A694DBB494C754B5F985551127B1A6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perperamus">
<emphasis id="D0F52035FCA7B5006C8366C52441A9D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. perperamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Fourthly, the full absence in the text of concrete verbal or numeric data on characters of type specimens of taxa of the
<taxonomicName id="81E4F1EDF4D2D410DDDA166967CF4FE4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="968904659CD7A62613DA38298C1D0216" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the paper of
<bibRefCitation id="2DB14941D2F5E1529A0F2551EED31A11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
indicates that there was no thorough direct investigation of type specimens. There was putatively a subjective eye inspection by Sebastian Salata during his visits of NHM Basel and MHN
<normalizedToken id="C994A2B57BFAE2718870272A74903DF5" originalValue="Genève">Geneve</normalizedToken>
, but the curators of both museums Isabelle
<normalizedToken id="ED89784CD82DD0F88B45391FB8F7D14D" originalValue="Zürcher">Zuercher</normalizedToken>
and Bernard Landry confirmed that there has been no loan of any
<taxonomicName id="F350E03BD5B33FBF082F63C6471CBB54" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0E235C6BDC7CF9C4912A8C9A5CA9BD9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type specimen by one of the three co-authors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC3880BF1DC72E89197A4434BF86FB72" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
In the absence of a conclusive morphological argumentation,
<bibRefCitation id="B041BD256C1F1D1C59904AF56C1B60FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
used a survey of Mediterranean climate variables, showing that precipitation in the coldest quarter of the year significantly differs between the East and West Mediterranean zone. The conclusion of
<bibRefCitation id="491B424C5FE85E69895A1900B6894641" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
from this was that, amongst those Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="D7F25A18C8DA8DCF1361527555E38B19" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B029E9AA4AF94A56A0B328DDE55FCDA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants with dense pubescence on gaster tergites, there were two different allopatric or parapatric species, because &quot;climate niches&quot; in the east and west of the area differed. The applied taxonomic working philosophy reads as follows: if we cannot show a morphological difference in a sample of animals distributed over a certain geographic area, it is sufficient to demonstrate a significant difference of regional meteorological data to subdivide this sample into different species and that describing a new species can be done without a thorough direct investigation of type specimens of some 12 candidate taxa for senior synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5EEFFBCEAA80EAA2E625FE61BACE09F" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7EE0F00F04C548ED35B8499F66133468" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3641595B589990AF5C45BC70546EE9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="52BFE9D8AD6547985A2427AF9D36CAFB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="4AEFC89B73C339140D2E80CC79B9D19C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has obviously a more eastern distribution than
<taxonomicName id="3A1F3D0BC7C1A05004D8B9A09318682E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
<emphasis id="E0767F2019E3E30643E00CC5C32DD0BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the ranges of both species overlap in North Africa over at least 1800 km (9°W to 10°E).
<taxonomicName id="C774F529A10DC64EFC5DC7FC1C297F53" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis id="0AA97088EDBF327255BF74397B8C4DAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so far not known to occur as a tramp species in sub-Mediterranean or temperate Europe - neither outdoors nor in houses. Occurrence east of Turkey seems credible, but needs confirmation by reliably-determined voucher specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="0F4F47079976C399920BA793AB04C173" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" author="Salata, S" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="809 - 824" refId="B11" refString="Salata, S, Borowiec, L, Radchenko, A, 2018. Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 68 (4): 809 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" title="Description of Plagiolepis perperamus, a new species from East-Mediterranean and redescription of Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2018.68.4.005" volume="68" year="2018">Salata et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
reported it to nest in soil, usually below stones and to be associated with humid areas overgrown by macchia or forests. Colonies are polygynous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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