182 lines
20 KiB
XML
182 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="A4E934E33D0615C14A7EAB43A49B1AC9" ID-CLB-Dataset="4248" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0952afb5-bd61-4545-a050-d53556a4fc7d" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5507722" ID-ZooBank="9B9ABA52-FF9B-4A0B-814E-33112B45076B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631644400208" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="OLMI, MASSIMO, GUGLIELMINO, ADALGISA, MÜLLER, PATRICK, CAPRADOSSI, LEONARDO & PERKOVSKY, EVGENY E." docDate="2021" docId="860E8783FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA8C83CCA" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.4.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 4 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Embolemus micropterus OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="7A37FFFBFF95FFBFFFF1B875AB40383A" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of the first females of Embolemus (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Kachin (Myanmar) amber" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699448751759" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="59E215FA8F8B29927564A843B5D09FC1">
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<mods:title id="80768505D21B3AB4621D3E609923441B">Descriptions of the first females of Embolemus (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Kachin (Myanmar) amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="56D11A2B2DE2571D3583110D421CCE19" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7A71C7AB9DB6C70CDEF58323AFBDAC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="92959036E1905A7DEB67E69545A64C70">OLMI, MASSIMO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F66D8F8AAC403432A20D776E57DACD5">GUGLIELMINO, ADALGISA</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="87015AE3985927A89A6D5C78C6BDFF7E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9CA8C80BE509BF3477DF2218C98211F2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1857BD9B00DD51AA968041AC0EA38D12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4990C33EAB32D46739609FF0CA69CFB5">MÜLLER, PATRICK</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0DDE054BD75136D7935FE8A71697A16C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2C4F81520BCF67792BC4C4F0503E8157">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98203714CDBDC21E5B07A623517DA231">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="732A5952F8F5835E7E6C3C15EBAEC441">CAPRADOSSI, LEONARDO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="76C8CB02FF2DB04BF357D31462A3E4E3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DBE5EFDB90C35F2A7D1E0E7131888CCC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5081B46F2857C6E085972D5052C6723A">PERKOVSKY, EVGENY E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DAC59BBC0110E79F350DC513CC31EF13">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="73D8BA5962671F0CF82337A9C9117AB9">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8C2A6B66DF2FA16AE8871EA7D90E1CC3">
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<mods:date id="1537BF7CC75EA62DC972B7119009901A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="822AAFF92C87FA982B2443F5468645FC">2021-02-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B1A1AC6BE265CDE805E0C6801E45E149">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C4A4502EF1530F125C213299369BAC62">44</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="99CD4676F4037E071C665525657AF903">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.9</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8CE7CBBAFE0C50BA4F0587CD975C2E1E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CD5AC584E3D9687CCA889885BD9A3ACE" type="CLB-Dataset">4248</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5975C5EF450627AF1F934FF6852F0364" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="007DA55904ED32DB8E37F9635F37D555" type="GBIF-Dataset">0952afb5-bd61-4545-a050-d53556a4fc7d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B4F85A31327BEF72E236A8658C2D4FD" type="ISSN">2624-2834</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A4E6303C1362230E9B4903C861967C39" type="Zenodo-Dep">5507722</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="860E8783FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA8C83CCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5515445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188170137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5515445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:860E8783FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA8C83CCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/860E8783FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA8C83CCA" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF79BAAAA9433AC3" box="[136,515,735,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA9433AC3" blockId="2.[136,515,735,798]" box="[136,515,735,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="555081F9FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA9433AC3" bold="true" box="[136,515,735,762]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA9433AC3" bold="true" box="[136,515,735,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFF79BAAAAAE23AC3" authority="OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY, 2021" authorityName="OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,418,735,762]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" genus="Embolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropterus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF79BAAAAAE23AC3" bold="true" box="[136,418,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Embolemus micropterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="27E057FCFF97FFBDFE58BAAAA9433AC3" box="[425,515,735,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF79BB76AA513B24" box="[136,273,771,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF79BB76AA513B24" blockId="2.[136,515,735,798]" box="[136,273,771,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="969C2A10FF97FFBDFF61BB76AA483B24" box="[144,264,771,798]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,1294,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-455@2.[138,1448,1294,1988]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Embolemus micropterus sp. nov., female holotype DAF3304. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Fore wing. Arrows indicate the fore wings reduced, as long as tegulae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A and B; 0.1 mm for C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5507726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF79BB3EAB973BB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF79BB3EAB973BB3" blockId="2.[136,778,843,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<materialsCitation id="BECF3CC8FF97FFBDFF79BB3EAB973BB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3353681302" collectionCode="DAFS" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF79BB3EABBC3B5F" bold="true" box="[136,252,843,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="D11C8837FF97FFBDFF79BB3EABB73B5F" box="[136,247,843,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Female specimen No. DAF3304 deposited in
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<collectionCode id="68B6AE50FF97FFBDFF79BB1AAB933BB3" box="[136,211,879,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">DAFS</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF4CBBE1A9073BCC" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF4CBBE1A9073BCC" blockId="2.[136,778,843,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF4CBBE1AA043B94" bold="true" box="[189,324,916,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species is named
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<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFD8DBBE1A8423B97" authorityName="OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY" authorityYear="2021" box="[636,770,916,941]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" genus="Embolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropterus">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFD8DBBE1A8423B97" box="[636,770,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">micropterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because of the very reduced wings (from the Greek words
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF79BBAEAB943BCF" box="[136,212,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">mikrós</emphasis>
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- (= short) and -
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFE77BBA9AA8E3BCF" box="[390,462,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">pteron</emphasis>
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(= wing)).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF4CBB8AA9D33CBC" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF4CBB8AA8463C04" blockId="2.[136,778,843,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF4CBB8AAA783C23" bold="true" box="[189,312,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Micropterous female of
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<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFDBABB8AA98E3C23" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[587,718,1023,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" genus="Embolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFDBABB8AA98E3C23" box="[587,718,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Embolemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="969C2A10FF97FFBDFD2DBB8AAB8D3C04" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,1294,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-455@2.[138,1448,1294,1988]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Embolemus micropterus sp. nov., female holotype DAF3304. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Fore wing. Arrows indicate the fore wings reduced, as long as tegulae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A and B; 0.1 mm for C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5507726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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), with forewing apparently reduced only to tegula.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF4CBC32A9D33CBC" blockId="2.[136,778,843,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF4CBC32AAA53C5B" bold="true" box="[189,485,1095,1122]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="BECF3CC8FF97FFBDFE0EBC3DA9CF3CBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3353681301" location="lower Cenomanian" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin">
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<collectingRegion id="CC63F877FF97FFBDFE0EBC3DA9103C58" box="[511,592,1096,1122]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Kachin</collectingRegion>
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amber (mid- Cretaceous,
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<location id="0B78604EFF97FFBDFEE3BC19AAA93CBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:860E8783FF97FFBDFF79BAAAA8C83CCA:0B78604EFF97FFBDFEE3BC19AAA93CBC" box="[274,489,1132,1158]" name="lower Cenomanian" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Kachin">lower Cenomanian</location>
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, about 99 Ma)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFF4CBCFAA8A73AC2" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFF4CBCFAAE273AEE" blockId="2.[136,778,843,1266]" lastBlockId="2.[810,1452,158,1264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF4CBCFAAA0F3C93" bold="true" box="[189,335,1167,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
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Female. Micropterous (
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<figureCitation id="969C2A10FF97FFBDFD82BCE5A9BB3C90" box="[627,763,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,1294,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-455@2.[138,1448,1294,1988]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Embolemus micropterus sp. nov., female holotype DAF3304. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Fore wing. Arrows indicate the fore wings reduced, as long as tegulae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A and B; 0.1 mm for C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5507726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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); length
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFF26BCC0ABB13CF4" box="[215,241,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="C95F9B70FF97FFBDFEF0BCC1AA1C3CF4" box="[257,348,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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. Colour apparently brown-testaceous. Antenna geniculate, filiform, articulated on two prominent contiguous frontal processes, slightly shorter than head + mesosoma + metasoma (24:37); antennomeres in following proportions: 14:5:4:5:5:5:5:5:5:9. Head slightly pyriform (length/breadth ratio: 20:13), alutaceous, apparently bare, with dorsal side slightly convex; anterior region of dorsal side slightly tapering (
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<figureCitation id="969C2A10FF97FFBDFB1BB927AE073956" box="[1258,1351,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,1294,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-455@2.[138,1448,1294,1988]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Embolemus micropterus sp. nov., female holotype DAF3304. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Fore wing. Arrows indicate the fore wings reduced, as long as tegulae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A and B; 0.1 mm for C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5507726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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); ventral side of head, occipital carina, ocelli, frons, temple and vertex not visible through the amber thickness. Palpi not visible. Mesosoma about as long as metasoma, about twice as long as head (39:20), almost completely darkened, so that morphological characters of pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, mesopleuron, metapleuron and metapectal-propodeal complex are not completely visible. Pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Fore wing reduced to tegula (length
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<quantity id="C95F9B70FF97FFBDFBBBBAE3AFEF3A8B" box="[1098,1199,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="969C2A10FF97FFBDFB36BAE3AE603A8A" box="[1223,1312,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,1294,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-455@2.[138,1448,1294,1988]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Embolemus micropterus sp. nov., female holotype DAF3304. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Fore wing. Arrows indicate the fore wings reduced, as long as tegulae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm for A and B; 0.1 mm for C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5507726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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). Hind wing absent. Metasomal petiole short. Tibial spurs 1/2/2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFCDBBAABA8A73AC2" blockId="2.[810,1452,158,1264]" box="[810,999,734,760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46BD651EFF97FFBDFCAEBB77A8C83CCA" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="0E183695FF97FFBDFCAEBB77A8C83CCA" blockId="2.[810,1452,158,1264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFCAEBB77A8933B26" bold="true" box="[863,979,770,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
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It is possible that
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<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFB4CBB76AE363B26" authorityName="OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY" authorityYear="2021" box="[1213,1398,770,797]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" genus="Embolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
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<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFB4CBB76AF8E3B26" box="[1213,1230,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFB13BB77AE363B26" box="[1250,1398,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">brachypterus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFCDBBB52A8903B7A" authorityName="OLMI & GUGLIELMINO & MÜLLER & CAPRADOSSI & PERKOVSKY" authorityYear="2021" box="[810,976,807,833]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" genus="Embolemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micropterus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFCDBBB52A87B3B7A" box="[810,827,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="3CD3EA87FF97FFBDFCBBBB52A8903B7A" box="[842,976,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">micropterus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are the opposite sex of one of the species described by males. The extreme sexual dimorphism of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFCA3BB1BA8AE3BB2" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[850,1006,878,904]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Embolemidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
prevents the association of the opposite sexes based on the morphology. This explains why in extant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFC8ABBC3AF573BEA" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[891,1047,950,976]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Embolemidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
eight species are known only by females and 21 by males. Males and females of extant species can be associated by rearing or DNA analysis. Of course, these methods are not feasible to apply to species in amber. This difficulty results in two separate keys for females and males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9A74D16FF97FFBDFBE7BC1FAFF53CBE" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1046,1205,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Embolemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Embolemidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.Another consequence of this situation is that it is possible that species based on males are really the opposite sexes of species based on females.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |