treatments-xml/data/84/4B/87/844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65.xml

<document id="DB26F22CEDBFA7A91E7BD9A6112F1566" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153612" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1689579713060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guzmán-Guzmán, Santiago &amp; Plata-Torres, Angelo" docDate="2023" docId="844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.603.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 603 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.6:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Thismia paradisiaca S. Guzm." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="7872FFF0FFA71D4AC071213BFFB5FFC9" masterDocTitle="A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1689709614767" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9DE7C10F10089E09B2B3AE1FC166B740">A flower in paradise: citizen science helps to discover Thismia paradisiaca (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Chocó Biogeographic region in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0E0E97599715E99555B457C5E5BE6D7">Guzmán-Guzmán, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D263E128FE48C0B37369CDE02F6778AB">Semillero de Investigación en Plantas y Afines-PHYTOS, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales-BIONAT &amp; Herbario de la Universidad de Caldas-FAUC, Calle 65 No. 26 - 10, Edificio Bicentenario, 3 piso, Manizales, Colombia &amp; santiago. guzmang 7.97 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1224 - 3272</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E1CC9CA282A742B61FF497D08932DBC">Plata-Torres, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4EAB64EE3FDFF5049FE79188EEFCBCC">Universidad de Salamanca, 340007 Salamanca España &amp; Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía IIES-Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # 26 - 10, Edificio Orlando Sierra, 2 piso, Manizales, Colombia &amp; angeloplata @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8509 - 0567</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA51D48C0F9208FFCA7FE06" blockId="2.[136,786,436,463]" box="[136,786,436,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="571581F2FFA51D48C0F9208FFCA7FE06" box="[136,786,436,463]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA51D48C0F9208FFE68FE07" authority="S. Guzm." authorityName="S. Guzm." box="[136,477,436,463]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C0F9208FFEC1FE06" bold="true" box="[136,372,436,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
S.Guzm.
</taxonomicName>
-Guzm., 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C231208EFD21FE07" box="[576,660,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C2D2208FFCB3FE06" box="[675,774,436,463]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionStartId-2="8.[136,234,1992,2014]" captionStartId-3="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetBox-2="[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetBox-3="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetId-2="figure-24@8.[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Pollen morphology of Thismia paradisiaca; LM (A–D) and SEM (E–H) images. A. pollen grain without fuchsin staining (showing amb circular and thin intectate exine). B–D. Fuchsin-stained pollen grains (showing psilate sculpture and a single simple circular pore). E–F. Pollen grains (showing an amb circular to slightly elliptic, spherical shape and a single pore) H. Dehydrated pollen grains." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153620" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8153620/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2–5</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44F86515FFA51D48C0F920C4FBFDFD6F" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA51D48C0F920C4FBFDFD6F" blockId="2.[136,1452,511,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C0F920C4FF5EFDDC" bold="true" box="[136,235,511,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA51D48C172233BFE7FFDDC" box="[259,458,512,533]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C172233BFE7FFDDC" box="[259,458,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA51D48C238233BFD67FDDC" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[585,722,512,533]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C238233BFD67FDDC" box="[585,722,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">T. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly because it has the distal portion of the stamen connective bearing a tuft of trichomes, free ellipsoid thecae and the stigma proximally puberulous and distally hispid. The new species differs from the latter by hypanthium color (dark purple vs whitish tinged with greenish–brown to colorless or pinkish) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4D92373FAA4FD94" box="[1192,1297,584,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
), shape of outer tepals (upper outer tepal incurved, lateral outer tepals declinate and slightly twisted laterally outside vs outer tepals reflexed) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C5F52357FF4CFD6C" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
), dimorphic (vs homomorphic) stamens (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C2F723ABFD52FD6C" box="[646,743,656,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5E, F</figureCitation>
) and conical (vs cylindrical) stigma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C0F9238FFF77FD00" bold="true" box="[136,194,692,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type:</emphasis>
— 
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<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFA51D48C0AA238FFEE8FD00" box="[219,349,692,713]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA51D48C117238FFDB4FD00" box="[358,513,692,714]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="E53C4E12FFA51D48C278238FFDFDFD00" box="[521,584,692,713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Dagua</collectingCounty>
municipality, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EC39ACE4FFA51D48C2A3238FFC3EFD03" box="[722,907,692,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">La Cascada village</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
<location id="093D6045FFA51D48C4D5238FFAFAFD03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA51D48C4D5238FFAFAFD03" box="[1188,1359,692,714]" country="Colombia" county="Dagua" latitude="3.6279612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.83375" municipality="La Cascada village" name="El Danubio River" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">El Danubio River</location>
, tributary of 
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, located approximately 50 meters from the river, on the right side of the path towards the reserve, 
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</quantity>
, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="6818E9B6FFA51D48C19723C7FD3BFCD8" box="[486,654,764,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2023-02-10">10 February 2023</collectingDate>
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(fl., fr.), 
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<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA51D48C29323C7FD41FCD8" box="[738,756,764,785]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA51D48C28623C7FCBFFCD8" box="[759,778,764,785]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Corrales Restrepo, 
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. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA51D48C4D623C7FB0CFCD8" box="[1191,1209,764,785]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Restrepo 001
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D359883CFFA51D48C53B23C7FA1DFCDB" box="[1354,1448,764,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA51D48C0CC221BFEB6FCFC" box="[189,259,800,821]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m999-hzgj" name="Herbario Universidad de Caldas" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="University or college">FAUC</collectionCode>
!, in alcohol+glycerine)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA51D49C0F9225FFE53FC41" blockId="2.[136,1452,868,2083]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,904]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Terrestrial achlorophyllous herb, 3.7–5.0 cm tall, generally glabrous (where not stated otherwise) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C48E225FFAEAFCB7" box="[1279,1375,868,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C52E225FFADCFCB7" box="[1375,1385,868,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C508225FFA2BFCB7" box="[1401,1438,868,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C0F922B3FF78FC6A" bold="true" box="[136,205,904,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Tuber</emphasis>
obovoid, 7.0–11.0 × 4.0–8.0 mm, cream (rapidly turning tawny after being collected) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4E522B3FB49FC6B" box="[1172,1276,904,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A2</figureCitation>
); roots filiform, up to 60.0 mm long, cream (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1BF2297FD8DFC0F" box="[462,568,940,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C23C2297FD32FC0F" bold="true" box="[589,647,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Stem</emphasis>
1 or 2, erect to flexuous, longitudinally bisulcate, 16.0–20.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C5262297FF03FC22" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
, cream at the base turning chestnut towards the apex, basally ensheathed by an inconspicuous triangular volva 1.0 × 1.0 mm (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C14D22CFFE2FFBC7" box="[316,410,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1E822CFFE7FFBC7" box="[409,458,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1–A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1B822CFFE6DFBC7" box="[457,472,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">2</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C19622CFFDB9FBC7" box="[487,524,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C25522CFFD5BFBC6" bold="true" box="[548,750,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Involucral bracts</emphasis>
4, crowded at apex of stem, surrounding the base of ovary, sessile, decussate, appressed, navicular, ovate–lanceolate, 2.5–3.0 × 4.5–5.0 mm, chestnut-coloured, margin entire, base truncate, apex acute, venation hyphodromous (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C2AD2507FC89FB9F" box="[732,828,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C34D2507FCF3FB9F" box="[828,838,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C3242507FCCEFB9F" box="[853,891,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C3E02507FC56FB9E" bold="true" box="[913,995,1084,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Flower</emphasis>
terminal, zygomorphic, solitary, sessile (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C0E1255BFEB9FBB3" box="[144,268,1120,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C169255BFED5FBB3" box="[280,352,1120,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3A–B</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C105255BFDB3FBB2" bold="true" box="[372,518,1120,1147]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypanthium</emphasis>
gibbous, 10.0–16.0 × 7.0–10.0 mm (largest diam.); outer surface vesicular, indigo to black with 12 flattened vertical veins slightly darker than surrounding tissue (surrounding tissue turns light green in backlight) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1782593FED1FB0B" box="[265,356,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1152593FE15FB0B" box="[356,416,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3; 3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1D12593FE1AFB0B" box="[416,431,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">2</figureCitation>
); inner surface papillose with papillae to 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C3F12593FC63FB0A" box="[896,982,1192,1219]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, indigo to dark purple, dorsally with five prominent cream to mauve vertical veins densely covered by tiny gland-like protrusions, ventrally with seven prominent indigo to dark purple vertical veins at base suddenly flattening distally and densely papillose with papillae to 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C0D5242FFF4CFAE6" box="[164,249,1300,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C14F242FFE2CFAE7" box="[318,409,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1EB242FFE11FAE7" box="[410,420,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1DE242FFE64FAE7" box="[431,465,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1A0242FFDB4FAE7" box="[465,513,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C271242FFDA5FAE7" box="[512,528,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pollen morphology of Thismia paradisiaca; LM (A–D) and SEM (E–H) images. A. pollen grain without fuchsin staining (showing amb circular and thin intectate exine). B–D. Fuchsin-stained pollen grains (showing psilate sculpture and a single simple circular pore). E–F. Pollen grains (showing an amb circular to slightly elliptic, spherical shape and a single pore) H. Dehydrated pollen grains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">4</figureCitation>
); bases of all veins forming a prominent cream-coloured crenate ring (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C568242FFADBFAE7" box="[1305,1390,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C508242FFA2AFAE7" box="[1401,1439,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C0F92403FF67FA9A" bold="true" box="[136,210,1336,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Tepals</emphasis>
6, inserted more or less at the same level in the distal portion of the hypanthium, heteromorphic. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C56F2403FA1EFA9A" bold="true" box="[1310,1451,1336,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Outer tepals</emphasis>
alternate with the segments of the annulus; 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C21E2467FC81FABE" bold="true" box="[623,820,1372,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">upper outer tepal</emphasis>
incurved, elliptic, 7.0–7.5 × 4.0– 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C4DA2467FAB7FABE" box="[1195,1282,1372,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, indigo to dark purple, vesicular, margin entire, base subcordate, apex rounded, venation hyphodromous (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4E624BBFB43FA53" box="[1175,1270,1408,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C48724BBFAB4FA53" box="[1270,1281,1408,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C56B24BBFF7EFA76" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">lateral outer tepals</emphasis>
declinate and slightly twisted laterally outside, elliptic, 6.0–6.5 × 4.0– 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C392249FFB8FFA76" box="[995,1082,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, indigo to dark purple, vesicular, margin entire, base slightly revolute, apex rounded, venation hyphodromous (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C47E24F3FBDEFA2B" box="[1039,1131,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C41D24F3FBCEFA2B" box="[1132,1147,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C4E324F3FA94FA2A" bold="true" box="[1170,1313,1480,1507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Inner tepals</emphasis>
opposite to segments of the annulus, assurgent, narrowly triangular, 5.0–7.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, dark violet, vesicular, apex tapering abruptly into a cauda; cauda 30.0–57.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C22A272BFD01F9E2" box="[603,692,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, tawny turning cream, apex slightly acute (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4E8272BFB42F9E3" box="[1177,1271,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C486272BFAB4F9E3" box="[1271,1281,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C57F272BFA86F9E3" box="[1294,1331,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C539272BFA19F9E2" bold="true" box="[1352,1452,1552,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Annulus</emphasis>
consisting into three connate segments opposite to inner tepals, reclinate, each segment 4.0–5.0 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C49D270FFAF4F986" box="[1260,1345,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, lavender to brilliant white, ornamented with three finely raised crests on the upper side, arranged parallel to the orifice, outer crest 0.6–1.0 mm high, middle crest 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C25F2747FD02F95E" box="[558,695,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
high and inner crest 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C3DD2747FBB1F95E" box="[940,1028,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
high, separated by gaps 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C5522747FA19F95E" box="[1315,1452,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C0BF279BFEFDF973" box="[206,328,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C124279BFECEF973" box="[341,379,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C10A279BFE33F973" box="[379,390,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C1EA279BFE59F973" bold="true" box="[411,492,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Orifice</emphasis>
of annulus circular, ca. 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C28B279BFCE5F972" box="[762,848,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
diam. (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C3D7279BFC4BF973" box="[934,1022,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C47B279BFB98F973" box="[1034,1069,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3B</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C433279BFB11F973" bold="true" box="[1090,1188,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Stamens</emphasis>
6, dimorphic, arranged in the radii of tepals, inserted along the inner edge of annulus segments, pendulous and hanging into the hypanthium; bases of stamen filament expanded laterally and fused into a ring ca. 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C3F827D3FC6AF8CA" box="[905,991,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
in diam. (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C43E27D3FB1DF8CB" box="[1103,1192,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4C527D3FB6FF8CB" box="[1204,1242,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4AB27D3FB50F8CB" box="[1242,1253,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C48B27D3FA1EF8CB" bold="true" box="[1274,1451,1768,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Dorsal stamens</emphasis>
3 (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C0D42637FEB8F8EF" box="[165,269,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2D2</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1692637FE8FF8EF" box="[280,314,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">3E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1372637FEDDF8EE" box="[326,360,1804,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">5E</figureCitation>
); each with filament laminar, 0.7 × 1.0 mm, coral to white (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4752637FBE8F8EF" box="[1028,1117,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C42C2637FBDDF8EF" box="[1117,1128,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
); connective dilated, bilobed basally and apically (apical lobes branching off immediately below the point of insertion of thecae), 1.0 × 1.0 mm (including apical lobes), rufous, distal portion bearing a tuft of trichomes at the point of insertion with the thecae; trichomes unicellular, erect, 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C1B82643FDE4F85A" box="[457,593,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C2EA2643FD44F85B" box="[667,753,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C2832643FCB4F85B" box="[754,769,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">2</figureCitation>
); basal lobes of connective appressed to the filament, linear, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C0B826A7FE94F87E" box="[201,289,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, rufous (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1F526A7FE68F87F" box="[388,477,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C1AC26A7FE5DF87F" box="[477,488,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
); apical lobes of connective narrowly ovate, 0.3–0.4 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C42226A7FB69F87E" box="[1107,1244,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
, dark purple, apex rounded to truncate, papillose; papillae 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C23A26FBFD45F812" box="[587,752,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.12 mm</quantity>
long, dark purple (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C3BD26FBFB87F813" box="[972,1074,1984,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3E3</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C43826FBFA97F813" box="[1097,1314,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">interstaminal lobes</emphasis>
inserted ca. 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C0F926DFFF68F836" box="[136,221,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
below the filaments, mammiliform to shortly triangulate, 0.3–0.5 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA51D48C3BE26DFFBE2F836" box="[975,1111,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
, dark purple (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C49E26DFFAF6F837" box="[1263,1347,2020,2046]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. E1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C52626DFFF50F7EB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ventral stamens</emphasis>
3; 2 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA51D48C16E2933FE7EF7EB" box="[287,459,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">lateral stamens</emphasis>
each with filament laminar, 1.0 × 1.0 mm, coral to white (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C42E2933FB03F7EB" box="[1119,1206,2056,2082]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA51D48C4C72933FB74F7EB" box="[1206,1217,2056,2082]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">1</figureCitation>
); connective dilated, at the margin adjacent to dorsal stamen lobed basally and apically, at the margin adjacent to central stamen lobed laterally lobed by fusion of basal and apical lobe (apical and lateral lobes branching off immediately below the point of insertion of the thecae), 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C18321DDFDFCFEC8" box="[498,585,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, rufous, distal portion bearing a tuft of trichomes at the point of insertion with thecae; trichomes unicellular, erect, 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C2572031FD1AFEEC" box="[550,687,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C28A2031FCE4FEED" box="[763,849,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C3232031FCD4FEED" box="[850,865,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</figureCitation>
); basal lobe, appresed to the filament, linear, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C0F92015FF54FE80" box="[136,225,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, rufous (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1352015FE2EFE81" box="[324,411,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1ED2015FE12FE81" box="[412,423,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">1</figureCitation>
); apical lobe narrowly ovate, 0.3–0.4 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C3182015FC47FE80" box="[873,1010,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
, dark purple, apex rounded to truncate, papillose; papillae 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C12B2069FE48FEA4" box="[346,509,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.12 mm</quantity>
long, dark purple; lateral lobe divaricate, falcate, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C4142069FB08FEA4" box="[1125,1213,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, rufous, outer margin proximally papillose; papillae 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C190204DFD30FE58" box="[481,645,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.12 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C2BE204DFC92FE59" box="[719,807,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C356204DFC87FE59" box="[807,818,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">1</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C338204DFB8FFE59" box="[841,1082,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">single central stamen</emphasis>
with filament laminar, 1.0 × 1.0 mm, coral to white (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C11820A1FE08FE7D" box="[361,445,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1CC20A1FE79FE7D" box="[445,460,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</figureCitation>
); connective dilated, laterally lobulated by fusion of basal and apical lobe, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C53E20A1FA12FE7C" box="[1359,1447,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, rufous, distal portion bearing a tuft of trichomes at the point of insertion with thecae; trichomes unicellular, erect, 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C50B2085FF6AFE34" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4– 0.9 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C15920D9FEC8FE35" box="[296,381,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C10C20D9FE39FE35" box="[381,396,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</figureCitation>
); lateral lobes 2, divaricate, falcate, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C31920D9FC74FE34" box="[872,961,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, rufous, outer margin proximally papillose; papillae 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C099233DFE39FDE8" box="[232,396,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.12 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1A4233DFD9DFDE9" box="[469,552,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C258233DFDECFDE9" box="[553,601,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2–F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C228233DFDD3FDE9" box="[601,614,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">3</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C20A233DFCE6FDE9" box="[635,851,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">interstaminal lobes</emphasis>
inserted ca. 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C392233DFB8FFDE8" box="[995,1082,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
below the filament, linear, 1.0 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C0F92311FF54FD8C" box="[136,225,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, dark purple (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C10F2311FE63FD8D" box="[382,470,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1A72311FE54FD8D" box="[470,481,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C1862311FDFEFD8C" bold="true" box="[503,587,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Thecae</emphasis>
2, inserted at the distal part of the connective, free, ellipsoid, 1.0–1.2 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C50B2311FF57FDA0" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5– 0.7 mm</quantity>
, longitudinally dehiscent, white (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C22E2375FD03FDA1" box="[607,694,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C2C72375FD70FDA1" box="[694,709,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C2A22375FD47FDA1" box="[723,754,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C2822375FCB7FDA1" box="[755,770,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C3692375FCD6FDA0" bold="true" box="[792,867,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pollen</emphasis>
in monades, bilaterally symmetrical, isopolar, amb circular to slightly elliptic, spheroidal shape, (22.0–)23.2(–24.0) µm in diam., monoporate with simple circular pore; exine intectate, 1.0 µm thick; sculpture psilate (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C2D123ADFD50FD79" box="[672,741,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[312,1276,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pollen morphology of Thismia paradisiaca; LM (A–D) and SEM (E–H) images. A. pollen grain without fuchsin staining (showing amb circular and thin intectate exine). B–D. Fuchsin-stained pollen grains (showing psilate sculpture and a single simple circular pore). E–F. Pollen grains (showing an amb circular to slightly elliptic, spherical shape and a single pore) H. Dehydrated pollen grains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153620/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="41600325FFA41D49C28023ADFCF1FD79" box="[753,836,662,688]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,219,954,975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and morphological description of 10 pollen grains." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/589D6616FFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="589D6616FFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C32C23ADFC16FD79" bold="true" box="[861,931,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Ovary</emphasis>
inferior, broadly obconical, 2.0–2.5 × 3.7–4.0 mm, unilocular; placentation parietal; 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C2482381FD13FD1C" bold="true" box="[569,678,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">placentas</emphasis>
3, inserted in the basal part of the locule, bearing numerous ovules; 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0F923E5FF0EFD30" bold="true" box="[136,187,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">style</emphasis>
erect, cylindrical to shortly conical, 0.6–0.7 × 0.6–1.0 mm, dark purple (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C39523E5FB8FFD31" box="[996,1082,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C43423E5FBDEFD31" box="[1093,1131,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">3G</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C40E23E5FB7EFD31" bold="true" box="[1151,1227,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">stigma</emphasis>
divaricate, trilobed, each conical lobe, 1.0–1.3 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C1BD2239FD91FCD4" box="[460,548,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
, dark purple and covered abaxially by multicellular uniseriate simple trichomes; proximally densely puberulous with 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C26E221DFD10FC88" box="[543,677,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
long trichomes, dark purple and distally hispid with 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C49F221DFAC1FC88" box="[1262,1396,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
long trichomes, light green (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1FD2271FE57FCAD" box="[396,482,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C19F2271FDA1FCAD" box="[494,532,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">3G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C2592270FD60FCAD" bold="true" box="[552,725,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Immature fruit</emphasis>
cupuliform, 3.6 × 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C3D62271FC4AFCAC" box="[935,1023,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
, dark purple, surrounded by persistent involucral bracts (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C1222255FE6FFC41" box="[339,474,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[158,1430,187,1833]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thismia paradisiaca. A1. Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. A2. Tuber. A3. Outer surface of hypanthium. B. Flower (3/4 view). C. Flower (top view). D1. Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. D2. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E. Stigma (top view). F. Immature fruit (side view). B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2A–2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="589D6616FFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19" ID-Table-UUID="589D6616FFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19" box="[136,883,954,976]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/589D6616FFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" startId="3.[136,219,954,975]" targetBox="[142,1445,993,1337]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0F92281FCC6FC19" blockId="3.[136,883,954,976]" box="[136,883,954,976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0F92281FF41FC06" bold="true" box="[136,244,954,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements and morphological description of 10 pollen grains.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0FF22DAFAFFFAF0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<table id="7EE2C43EFFA4E2B5C0FF22DAFA10FAF0" box="[142,1445,993,1337]" gridcols="11" gridrows="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF22DAFA10FBE6" box="[142,1445,993,1071]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF22DAFEBBFBE6" box="[142,270,993,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pollen morphological features</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C15622DAFE38FBE6" box="[295,397,993,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.1</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED22DAFDB7FBE6" box="[412,514,993,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.2</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C26122DAFDC3FBE6" box="[528,630,993,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.3</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F522DAFD5FFBE6" box="[644,746,993,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.4</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A22DAFCD4FBE6" box="[763,865,993,1071]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.5</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E22DAFC60FBE6" box="[879,981,993,1071]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.6</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C39222DAFBFCFBE6" box="[995,1097,993,1071]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.7</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C42822DAFB0AFBE6" box="[1113,1215,993,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.8</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD22DAFA87FBE6" box="[1228,1330,993,1071]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.9</th>
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E22DAFA10FBE6" box="[1343,1445,993,1071]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N.10</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF257EFA10FB91" box="[142,1445,1093,1112]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF257EFEBBFB91" box="[142,270,1093,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">England finder</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C156257EFE38FB91" box="[295,397,1093,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Q25-4</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED257EFDB7FB91" box="[412,514,1093,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Q26</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C261257EFDC3FB91" box="[528,630,1093,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Q27-1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F5257EFD5FFB91" box="[644,746,1093,1112]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Q29-4</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A257EFCD4FB91" box="[763,865,1093,1112]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P29-4</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E257EFC60FB91" box="[879,981,1093,1112]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">O26-3</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C392257EFBFCFB91" box="[995,1097,1093,1112]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">M26</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C428257EFB0AFB91" box="[1113,1215,1093,1112]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">M27</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD257EFA87FB91" box="[1228,1330,1093,1112]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N29-2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E257EFA10FB91" box="[1343,1445,1093,1112]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">M30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF2549FA10FB4C" box="[142,1445,1138,1157]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF2549FEBBFB4C" box="[142,270,1138,1157]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Diameter (µm)</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1562549FE38FB4C" box="[295,397,1138,1157]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED2549FDB7FB4C" box="[412,514,1138,1157]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">24</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2612549FDC3FB4C" box="[528,630,1138,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">24</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F52549FD5FFB4C" box="[644,746,1138,1157]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">24</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A2549FCD4FB4C" box="[763,865,1138,1157]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E2549FC60FB4C" box="[879,981,1138,1157]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C3922549FBFCFB4C" box="[995,1097,1138,1157]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4282549FB0AFB4C" box="[1113,1215,1138,1157]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD2549FA87FB4C" box="[1228,1330,1138,1157]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">22</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E2549FA10FB4C" box="[1343,1445,1138,1157]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF25A4FA10FB7B" box="[142,1445,1183,1202]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF25A4FEBBFB7B" box="[142,270,1183,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Shape</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C15625A4FE38FB7B" box="[295,397,1183,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED25A4FDB7FB7B" box="[412,514,1183,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C26125A4FDC3FB7B" box="[528,630,1183,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F525A4FD5FFB7B" box="[644,746,1183,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A25A4FCD4FB7B" box="[763,865,1183,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E25A4FC60FB7B" box="[879,981,1183,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C39225A4FBFCFB7B" box="[995,1097,1183,1202]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C42825A4FB0AFB7B" box="[1113,1215,1183,1202]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD25A4FA87FB7B" box="[1228,1330,1183,1202]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E25A4FA10FB7B" box="[1343,1445,1183,1202]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">spheroidal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF25F7FA10FB16" box="[142,1445,1228,1247]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF25F7FEBBFB16" box="[142,270,1228,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Exine (µm)</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C15625F7FE38FB16" box="[295,397,1228,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED25F7FDB7FB16" box="[412,514,1228,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C26125F7FDC3FB16" box="[528,630,1228,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F525F7FD5FFB16" box="[644,746,1228,1247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A25F7FCD4FB16" box="[763,865,1228,1247]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E25F7FC60FB16" box="[879,981,1228,1247]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C39225F7FBFCFB16" box="[995,1097,1228,1247]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C42825F7FB0AFB16" box="[1113,1215,1228,1247]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD25F7FA87FB16" box="[1228,1330,1228,1247]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E25F7FA10FB16" box="[1343,1445,1228,1247]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">nexine: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF25C2FA10FAC4" box="[142,1445,1273,1293]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF25C2FEBBFAC4" box="[142,270,1273,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Aperture</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C15625C2FE38FAC4" box="[295,397,1273,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED25C2FDB7FAC4" box="[412,514,1273,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C26125C2FDC3FAC4" box="[528,630,1273,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F525C2FD5FFAC4" box="[644,746,1273,1293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A25C2FCD4FAC4" box="[763,865,1273,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E25C2FC60FAC4" box="[879,981,1273,1293]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C39225C2FBFCFAC4" box="[995,1097,1273,1293]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C42825C2FB0AFAC4" box="[1113,1215,1273,1293]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD25C2FA87FAC4" box="[1228,1330,1273,1293]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E25C2FA10FAC4" box="[1343,1445,1273,1293]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">monoporate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2D234DCFFA4E2B5C0FF241DFA10FAF0" box="[142,1445,1318,1337]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<th id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C0FF241DFEBBFAF0" box="[142,270,1318,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Dia.Aperture</th>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C156241DFE38FAF0" box="[295,397,1318,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C1ED241DFDB7FAF0" box="[412,514,1318,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C261241DFDC3FAF0" box="[528,630,1318,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C2F5241DFD5FFAF0" box="[644,746,1318,1337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C28A241DFCD4FAF0" box="[763,865,1318,1337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C31E241DFC60FAF0" box="[879,981,1318,1337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C392241DFBFCFAF0" box="[995,1097,1318,1337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C428241DFB0AFAF0" box="[1113,1215,1318,1337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C4BD241DFA87FAF0" box="[1228,1330,1318,1337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
<td id="F1035DA0FFA4E2B5C54E241DFA10FAF0" box="[1343,1445,1318,1337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0CC2447FD93F9CA" blockId="3.[136,1452,1404,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0CC2447FD70FA5F" bold="true" box="[189,709,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Additional specimen examined (
<typeStatus id="D359883CFFA41D49C2342447FD02FA5F" box="[581,695,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">paratype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C2932446FBF2FA16" collectingDate="2023-02-10" collectionCode="B, C" country="Colombia" county="Buenaventura" elevation="737" latitude="3.6319697" location="Danubio Stream" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.83316" municipality="El Paraiso Natural Reserve" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFA41D49C2932446FCCFFA5E" box="[738,890,1405,1431]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA41D49C3F62446FBF4FA5E" box="[903,1089,1405,1431]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="E53C4E12FFA41D49C4212446FB59FA5E" box="[1104,1260,1405,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Buenaventura</collectingCounty>
municipality, 
<collectingMunicipality id="EC39ACE4FFA41D49C5E32446FE22FA72" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">El Paraíso Natural Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C1D3249AFDEFFA72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C1D3249AFDEFFA72" box="[418,602,1441,1467]" country="Colombia" county="Buenaventura" latitude="3.6319697" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.83316" municipality="El Paraiso Natural Reserve" name="Danubio Stream" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Danubio Stream</location>
, tributary of 
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C299249AFC1BFA72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C299249AFC1BFA72" box="[744,942,1441,1467]" country="Colombia" county="Buenaventura" latitude="3.6319697" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.83316" municipality="El Paraiso Natural Reserve" name="El Danubio River" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">El Danubio River</location>
, located approximately seven meters from the river, among leaf litter, 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C1FD24FEFE61FA16" box="[396,468,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="737.0">
<elevation id="87CFD1ADFFA41D49C1FD24FEFE61FA16" box="[396,468,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="737.0">737 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C1AE24FFFD35FA16" box="[479,640,1476,1503]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="55.09" value="3.6319697">3°37’55.09”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C2FB24FFFC89FA16" box="[650,828,1476,1503]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="59.37" value="-76.83316">76°49’59.37”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="785C105EFFA41D49C33624FEFBBAFA16" box="[839,1039,1477,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2023-02-10">
<collectingDate id="6818E9B6FFA41D49C33624FEFBBAFA16" box="[839,1039,1477,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2023-02-10">10 February 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C46824FEFBF2FA16" box="[1049,1095,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA41D49C46824FEFB9BFA16" box="[1049,1070,1477,1503]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA41D49C44024FEFBF2FA16" box="[1073,1095,1477,1503]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C43624FEFE97F9CB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
. 
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C42024FEFA8EFA16" box="[1105,1339,1477,1503]" collectionCode="S" country="Colombia" location="Corrales Restrepo" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C42024FEFAAAFA17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C42024FEFAAAFA17" box="[1105,1311,1477,1503]" country="Colombia" name="Corrales Restrepo" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Corrales Restrepo</location>
, 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA41D49C55B24FEFA8EFA16" box="[1322,1339,1477,1503]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C53424FEFEABF9CB" collectionCode="E" country="Colombia" location="Guzman-Guzman" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C53424FEFF50F9CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C53424FEFF50F9CA" country="Colombia" name="Guzman-Guzman" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Guzmán-Guzmán</location>
&amp; 
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA41D49C17824D2FEABF9CB" box="[265,286,1513,1538]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C15924D2FD97F9CA" box="[296,546,1513,1539]" collectionCode="FAUC" country="Colombia" location="Restrepo" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C15924D2FE09F9CA" box="[296,444,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C15924D2FE3EF9CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C15924D2FE3EF9CB" box="[296,395,1513,1538]" country="Colombia" name="Restrepo" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Restrepo</location>
002
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="6AF3AE5BFFA41D49C1BB24D2FDACF9CA" box="[458,537,1513,1539]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m999-hzgj" name="Herbario Universidad de Caldas" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="University or college">FAUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0CC2737FAD7F95A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1404,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0CC2737FDD1F9EF" bold="true" box="[189,612,1548,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Photographic records examined:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C2F02736FD8EF9A6" collectingDate="2018-02-09" country="Colombia" latitude="3.446889" location="Cali" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.65664" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFA41D49C2F02736FCACF9EE" box="[641,793,1549,1575]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA41D49C3452736FBBDF9EE" box="[820,1032,1549,1575]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C4552736FBE6F9EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C4552736FBE6F9EE" box="[1060,1107,1549,1575]" country="Colombia" latitude="3.446889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.65664" name="Cali" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Cali</location>
municipality, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C5652737FA12F9EF" box="[1300,1447,1548,1574]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="48.8" value="3.446889">3°26’48.8”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C0F9270BFE99F983" box="[136,300,1584,1610]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="23.9" value="-76.65664">76°39’23.9”W</geoCoordinate>
(approximate coordinates), 
<date id="785C105EFFA41D49C21F270AFC9BF982" box="[622,814,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2018-02-09">
<collectingDate id="6818E9B6FFA41D49C21F270AFC9BF982" box="[622,814,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2018-02-09">9 February 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, Sasha Robinson, Recorded in iNaturalist (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/10252116)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="BC8A3CC3FFA41D49C23A276EFAE8F95A" collectingDate="2021-01-08" country="Colombia" elevation="384" latitude="3.6000834" location="Dagua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.85005" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA41D49C23A276EFCB2F9A6" box="[587,775,1621,1647]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="093D6045FFA41D49C364276EFCEBF9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:844B8788FFA51D41C0F9208FFAC8FC65:093D6045FFA41D49C364276EFCEBF9A6" box="[789,862,1621,1647]" country="Colombia" latitude="3.6000834" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.85005" name="Dagua" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Dagua</location>
municipality, 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C476276EFBE1F9A6" box="[1031,1108,1621,1647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="384.0">
<elevation id="87CFD1ADFFA41D49C476276EFBE1F9A6" box="[1031,1108,1621,1647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="384.0">384 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C415276FFB5DF9A7" box="[1124,1256,1620,1646]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="0.3" value="3.6000834">3°36’0.3”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69D65059FFA41D49C489276FFA3BF9A6" box="[1272,1422,1620,1647]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="1" seconds="0.2" value="-76.85005">76°51’0.2”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="785C105EFFA41D49C5EC276EFE94F95A" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2021-01-08">
<collectingDate id="6818E9B6FFA41D49C5EC276EFE94F95A" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2021-01-08">8 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, Mauricio Morales, Recorded in iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/81910064)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44F86515FFA41D49C0CC27A6FBCDF936" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0CC27A6FBCDF936" blockId="3.[136,1452,1404,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0CC27A6FEFDF97E" bold="true" box="[189,328,1693,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C21627A6FCFAF97E" box="[615,847,1693,1719]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C21627A6FCFAF97E" box="[615,847,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the Latin word “ 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C40527A6FAB0F97E" box="[1140,1285,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">paradisiacus</emphasis>
” which means “belonging to paradise”. In turn, this word derives from the Latin term “ 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C3BE27FAFB88F912" box="[975,1085,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">paradisus</emphasis>
” which is related to “garden of sublime exuberance and beauty”. This name is a tribute to the El Paraíso Natural Reserve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44F86515FFA41D41C0CC2633FAC8FC65" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA41D49C0CC2633FD16F7D6" blockId="3.[136,1452,1404,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C0CC2633FE5EF8EB" bold="true" box="[189,491,1800,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C2762632FD45F8EA" box="[519,752,1801,1827]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C2762632FD45F8EA" box="[519,752,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Pacific Domain, specifically in 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA41D49C5792632FAE5F8EA" box="[1288,1360,1801,1827]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Chocó</collectingRegion>
–Darién Moist Forests Ecoregion on the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C4202616FB1EF88E" box="[1105,1195,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C4C92617FB72F88F" box="[1208,1223,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,189,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1435,187,1372]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Distribution of Thismia in Colombia. B–C. Distribution of T. paradisiaca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153624/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">6</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA41D49C4AE2616FA12F88E" author="Olson, D. M. &amp; Dinerstein, E. &amp; Wikramanayake, E. D. &amp; Burgess, N. D. &amp; Powell, G. V. N. &amp; Underwood, E. C. &amp; Itoua, I. &amp; Strand, H. E. &amp; Morrison, J. C. &amp; Loucks, C. J. &amp; Allnutt, T. F. &amp; Ricketts, T. H. &amp; Kura, Y. &amp; Lamoreux, J. F. &amp; Wettengel, W. W. &amp; Hedao, P. &amp; Kassem, K. R." box="[1247,1447,1837,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref10052" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. &amp; Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: A new map of life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience 51: 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
Olson 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C55A2616FAEBF88E" box="[1323,1374,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
, Rangel 2004, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA41D49C155266AFE7DF8A2" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Rapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[292,456,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" pagination="20211167" refId="ref9753" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Rapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 94 (1): e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal article" year="2022">Morrone 2022</bibRefCitation>
), located in the immeasurable and ineffable diversity of the Biogeographic 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA41D49C561266AFAE9F8A2" box="[1296,1372,1873,1899]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Chocó</collectingRegion>
, where the reserve owners are currently working hard to conserve this area through endangered species conservation plans, such as Lehmann’s poison frog (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C18826A2FD6CF87A" baseAuthorityName="Myers &amp; Daly" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[505,729,1945,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Oophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehmannii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C18826A2FD6CF87A" box="[505,729,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Oophaga lehmannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C29926A2FC27F87A" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" box="[744,914,1945,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dendrobatidae</taxonomicName>
), the long-wattled umbrellabird (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C57726A2FEB4F81E" authorityName="P. L. Sclater" authorityYear="1859" class="Aves" family="Cotingidae" genus="Cephalopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penduliger">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C57726A2FEB4F81E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Cephalopterus penduliger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C1602686FE3BF81E" box="[273,398,1981,2007]" class="Aves" family="Cotingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cotingidae</taxonomicName>
) and now the thismia of paradise (
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA41D49C3502686FBA6F81E" box="[801,1043,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA41D49C3502686FBBEF81E" box="[801,1035,1981,2007]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">Thismia paradisiaca</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
. This species inhabits elevations of 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C0F926DBFEBDF832" box="[136,264,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="730.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="710.0">710–750 m</quantity>
in riparian forests near the Danubio River and Danubio Stream (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA41D49C39D26DAFBF1F832" box="[1004,1092,2017,2043]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), with the two known localities placed in approximately 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA41D49C1EF293EFE50F7D6" box="[414,485,2053,2079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</quantity>
from each other.
</paragraph>
<caption id="589D6616FFA31D4EC0F9269AFDFEF7EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" startId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" targetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA31D4EC0F9269AFDFEF7EB" blockId="4.[136,1451,1953,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC0F9269AFEB7F87F" bold="true" box="[136,258,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitat and ecology of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA31D4EC194269AFD87F87F" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[485,562,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC194269AFD87F87F" box="[485,562,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC24D269AFDE1F87F" bold="true" box="[572,596,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">A.</emphasis>
Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC489269AFABBF87F" bold="true" box="[1272,1294,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B.</emphasis>
Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC11B26FEFE34F812" bold="true" box="[362,385,1989,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">C.</emphasis>
Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC46926FEFB9AF813" bold="true" box="[1048,1071,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">D.</emphasis>
Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA31D4EC2F926D2FD2BF837" bold="true" box="[648,670,2025,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">E.</emphasis>
Fly (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA31D4EC2A326D2FCA8F836" box="[722,797,2025,2047]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA31D4EC48626D2FF6CF7EB" authority="GuzmanGuzman" authorityName="GuzmanGuzman" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santiago GuzmánGuzmán</taxonomicName>
(A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="589D6616FFA21D4FC0F9267EFE03F80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153616/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" startId="5.[136,234,1861,1883]" targetBox="[158,1430,187,1833]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA21D4FC0F9267EFE03F80F" blockId="5.[136,1453,1861,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC0F9267EFEB6F893" bold="true" box="[136,259,1861,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA21D4FC178267EFE65F893" box="[265,464,1861,1882]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC178267EFE65F893" box="[265,464,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC1AA267EFE4AF893" bold="true" box="[475,511,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A1.</emphasis>
Individual with anthetic flower and immature fruit. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC389267EFBA9F893" bold="true" box="[1016,1052,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A2.</emphasis>
Tuber. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC414267EFB3CF893" bold="true" box="[1125,1161,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A3.</emphasis>
Outer surface of hypanthium. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC0F92652FF2BF8B7" bold="true" box="[136,158,1897,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">B.</emphasis>
Flower (3/4 view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC1152652FECEF8B6" bold="true" box="[356,379,1897,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C.</emphasis>
Flower (top view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC2302652FDD1F8B7" bold="true" box="[577,612,1897,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">D1.</emphasis>
Flower with longitudinally dissected hypanthium. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC4292652FBC9F8B7" bold="true" box="[1112,1148,1897,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">D2.</emphasis>
Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC0BA26B6FF54F86B" bold="true" box="[203,225,1933,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">E.</emphasis>
Stigma (top view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC1D126B6FE07F86B" bold="true" box="[416,434,1933,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">F.</emphasis>
Immature fruit (side view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA21D4FC2B226B6FA92F86B" box="[707,1319,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001</emphasis>
. Photographs and plate by Eugenio Restrepo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="589D6616FFA11D4CC0F92660FD21F7EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" startId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" targetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA11D4CC0F92660FD21F7EC" blockId="6.[136,1452,1883,2085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC0F92660FEB3F8B9" bold="true" box="[136,262,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA11D4CC17E2660FE6CF8B9" box="[271,473,1883,1904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC17E2660FE6CF8B9" box="[271,473,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC1992660FDB5F8B9" bold="true" box="[488,512,1883,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">A.</emphasis>
Habit. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC23C2660FDD6F8B9" bold="true" box="[589,611,1883,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">B.</emphasis>
Flower (top view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC3412660FCE6F8B8" bold="true" box="[816,851,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C1.</emphasis>
Longitudinal dissection of flower. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC4C42660FB6CF8B8" bold="true" box="[1205,1241,1883,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C2.</emphasis>
Outer surface of the hypanthium. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC1792644FE9EF85C" bold="true" box="[264,299,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C3.</emphasis>
Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC3742644FC9DF85C" bold="true" box="[773,808,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C4.</emphasis>
Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC5F92644FA1EF85D" bold="true" box="[1416,1451,1919,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">D1.</emphasis>
Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC1A42698FE4CF871" bold="true" box="[469,505,1955,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">D2.</emphasis>
Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC3272698FCCDF871" bold="true" box="[854,888,1955,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">E1.</emphasis>
Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC4872698FAADF871" bold="true" box="[1270,1304,1955,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">E2.</emphasis>
Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC11426FCFE32F815" bold="true" box="[357,391,1991,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">E3.</emphasis>
Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC34E26FCFCEAF815" bold="true" box="[831,863,1991,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">F1.</emphasis>
Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC49C26FCFABBF815" bold="true" box="[1261,1294,1991,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">F2.</emphasis>
Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC12C26D0FECBF7C9" bold="true" box="[349,382,2027,2048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">F3.</emphasis>
Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC36C26D0FC80F7C9" bold="true" box="[797,821,2027,2049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">G.</emphasis>
Style and stigma. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA11D4CC39626D0FE94F7ED" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001</emphasis>
. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC21A5FEF9FE66" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
The first (
<typeStatus id="D359883CFFA01D4DC15B21A5FE3AFF71" box="[298,399,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">holotype</typeStatus>
) locality is in about 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC20021A5FD1CFF70" box="[625,681,158,185]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
from the Danubio River, next to a little-traveled path that leads to the cabin of the El Paraíso Nature Reserve (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA01D4DC23021FAFD2FFF15" box="[577,666,193,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). A total of five individuals were recorded in this locality, two of which had flower buds, one had an anthetic flower and immature fruit, one had an in immature fruit, and the last one had no flowering stem (only the tuber was observed). Additionally, two abscised hypanthia were recorded on the ground, right next to the immature fruits. These individuals were located in a layer of leaf litter 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC46A2010FB36FE8F" box="[1051,1155,299,326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 5 cm</quantity>
deep dominated by leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0D62074FE04FEA1" authority="Standley" authorityName="Standley" box="[167,433,334,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonduzii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0D62074FEF2FEA1" box="[167,327,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Ficus tonduzii</emphasis>
Standley
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1B12075FD87FEA1" box="[448,562,334,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2032074FD78FEA0" box="[626,717,335,361]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2032074FD10FEA1" box="[626,677,335,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Inga</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Miller (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC35B2075FC23FEA1" box="[810,918,334,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) in a small (
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC4552075FBE5FEA0" box="[1060,1104,334,361]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
<superScript id="FB979BD6FFA01D4DC4212075FBEDFE95" attach="left" box="[1104,1112,334,348]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">2</superScript>
) landslide. This landslide was possibly formed after heavy rains that occurred days before the collection; it was composed mainly of small rocks, soil, and small shrubs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC2083FD7AFD4B" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
In an area of 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC1292083FE31FE1B" box="[344,388,440,467]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC1F52083FE1EFE1B" box="[388,427,440,466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="2.0">
<superScript id="FB979BD6FFA01D4DC1F52083FE39FE0F" attach="left" box="[388,396,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">2</superScript>
in
</quantity>
the first locality, the herbaceous layer between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC3BC2083FBF1FE1B" box="[973,1092,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 1 m</quantity>
in height comprised 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC5462083FE03FE3C" authority="(Baker) Diels" authorityName="Diels" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodictyon">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC5462083FE94FE3C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Diplazium macrodictyon</emphasis>
(Baker)Diels
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1B020E0FDFAFE3C" box="[449,591,475,501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Athyriaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC22D20E0FBACFE3C" authority="(Sw.) R. C. Moran" authorityName="R. C. Moran" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[604,1049,475,501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Mickelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicotianifolia">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC22D20E0FCEDFE3C" box="[604,856,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Mickelia nicotianifolia</emphasis>
(Sw.)R.C.Moran
</taxonomicName>
,Labial&amp;Sundue(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC49120E0FA15FE3C" box="[1248,1440,475,501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dryopteridaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0F920C5FE5AFDD1" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[136,495,510,536]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Campyloneurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphenodes">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0F920C5FE75FDD1" box="[136,448,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Campyloneurum sphenodes</emphasis>
Fée
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC18E20C5FD1CFDD1" box="[511,681,510,536]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2CC20C4FC21FDD0" box="[701,916,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2CC20C4FCD8FDD1" box="[701,877,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Dicranopygium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3D520C5FBFBFDD1" box="[932,1102,510,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyclanthaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC41020C4FB60FDD0" box="[1121,1237,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC41020C4FB18FDD0" box="[1121,1197,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Costus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC49420C5FAE8FDD1" authorityName="T.Nakai" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="K.Schum." box="[1253,1373,510,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC50120C5FEE3FDF2" authority="Wedd." authorityName="Wedd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pteropodon">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC50120C5FEBDFDF2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Pilea pteropodon</emphasis>
Wedd.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1F92319FDD5FDF2" authority="Killip." authorityName="Killip." box="[392,608,545,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbriana">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1F92319FE2CFDF2" box="[392,409,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1D4231AFDA7FDF2" box="[421,530,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">umbriana</emphasis>
Killip.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC21D231AFD5EFDF2" box="[620,747,545,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
). The lower tree layer is dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC4E12319FA1EFDF2" authority="L. Uribe" authorityName="L. Uribe" box="[1168,1451,545,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psittacorum">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC4E12319FAFAFDF2" box="[1168,1359,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Inga psittacorum</emphasis>
L.Uribe
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0E1237EFF49FD96" box="[144,252,581,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC14B237EFE72FD96" box="[314,455,581,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC14B237EFE14FD96" box="[314,417,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Saurauia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1A7237EFDC1FD96" box="[470,628,581,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Actinidiaceae</taxonomicName>
) with heights between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC309237FFC62FD96" box="[888,983,580,607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 7 m</quantity>
, and by an upper tree layer between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC503237EFF74FD4B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 25 m</quantity>
in height consisting of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1B92352FD8BFD4B" box="[456,574,616,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonduzii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1B92352FD8BFD4B" box="[456,574,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">F. tonduzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2042352FD7AFD4B" box="[629,719,616,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2042352FD1DFD4B" box="[629,680,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Inga</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC23B0FDABFCB1" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
The second (
<typeStatus id="D359883CFFA01D4DC13B23B0FE1BFD6C" box="[330,430,651,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">paratype</typeStatus>
) locality is located in approximately 7 meters from the Danubio Stream. It had a layer of leaf litter between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC1582395FE27FD00" box="[297,402,686,713]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 7 cm</quantity>
deep, mainly composed of leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3442394FC1EFD01" box="[821,939,686,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonduzii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC3442394FC1EFD01" box="[821,939,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">F. tonduzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and two lianas, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC4122394FA19FD01" authority="Cuatrec." authorityName="Cuatrec." box="[1123,1452,686,713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Coussapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC4122394FAF3FD01" box="[1123,1350,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Coussapoa contorta</emphasis>
Cuatrec.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0E123EAFEBEFD22" box="[144,267,721,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC12023EAFDD5FD22" authority="Hammel" authorityName="Hammel" box="[337,608,721,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC12023EAFE41FD22" box="[337,500,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Clusia hirsuta</emphasis>
Hammel
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC20223EAFD46FD22" box="[627,755,721,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
). In this locality, the leaf litter was accumulated in cavities formed by thick superficial roots above ground of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2B523CEFBFEFCC6" authority="(Sw.) G. Don" authorityName="G. Don" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[708,1099,757,783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Staphyleaceae" genus="Turpinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Crossosomatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2B523CEFC01FCC6" box="[708,948,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Turpinia occidentalis</emphasis>
(Sw.) G.Don
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC42A23CEFB4AFCC6" box="[1115,1279,757,783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Staphyleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Crossosomatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Staphyleaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC54F23CEFEB8FCFB" authority="R. E. Fr." authorityName="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC54F23CEFF01FCFB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Guatteria alta</emphasis>
R.E.Fr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC16C2223FE1EFCFB" box="[285,427,792,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFA01D4DC1B22223FDAEFCFB" box="[451,539,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
), right next to a runoff drain that flows from the top of the mountain. Only two individuals were found for this locality: one in anthesis and the other one with immature fruit and its corresponding abscised hypanthium on the ground.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC22B9FD45FBA6" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
In an area of 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC13522BAFED9FC55" box="[324,364,897,924]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC11D22BAFE38FC52" box="[364,397,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="2.0">
<superScript id="FB979BD6FFA01D4DC11D22BAFEC1FC46" attach="left" box="[364,372,897,911]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">2</superScript>
in
</quantity>
the second locality, the herbaceous layer between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC3DB22BAFBA7FC55" box="[938,1042,897,924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5to 1 m</quantity>
in height comprised 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC48022BAFF48FC76" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Campyloneurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphenodes">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC48022BAFF48FC76" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Campyloneurum sphenodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC167229EFE75FC76" box="[278,448,933,959]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1AD229EFD21FC76" box="[476,660,933,959]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1AD229EFDE1FC76" box="[476,596,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Anthurium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2AF229EFB86FC76" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." box="[734,1075,933,959]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daguense">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2AF229EFC53FC76" box="[734,998,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Xanthosoma daguense</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC43A229EFB18FC76" box="[1099,1197,933,959]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC4BB229EFA1EFC76" box="[1226,1451,933,959]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC4BB229EFACFFC77" box="[1226,1402,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Dicranopygium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0E122F3FE8FFC2B" box="[144,314,968,994]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyclanthaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC13F22F3FE76FC2B" box="[334,451,968,994]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC13F22F3FE2FFC2B" box="[334,410,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Costus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1A522F3FDFCFC2B" authorityName="T.Nakai" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="K.Schum." box="[468,585,968,994]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2FA22F3FC89FC2B" box="[651,828,968,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbriana">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2FA22F3FC89FC2B" box="[651,828,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Pilea umbriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC33C22F3FC79FC2B" box="[845,972,968,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
). The lower tree layer comprised 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC53F22F2FED6FBCC" authority="Cuatrec." authorityName="Cuatrec." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="victoriana">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC53F22F2FF4EFBCC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Eugenia victoriana</emphasis>
Cuatrec.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC10222D0FE58FBCC" box="[371,493,1003,1029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC25E22D0FDCAFBCC" box="[559,639,1003,1030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC25E22D0FDF6FBCC" box="[559,579,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC22222D0FDCAFBCC" box="[595,639,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with heights between 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFA01D4DC3F222D7FC53FBCF" box="[899,998,1003,1030]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 9 m</quantity>
and a upper tree layer dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC5E622D7FF57FBE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonduzii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC5E622D7FF57FBE1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">F. tonduzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC16B2534FE0AFBE1" box="[282,447,1038,1065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Staphyleaceae" genus="Turpinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Crossosomatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC16B2534FE9FFBE1" box="[282,298,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1492535FE0AFBE1" box="[312,447,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Of the mentioned species, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2882534FC39FBE1" box="[761,908,1039,1065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="victoriana">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2882534FCBFFBE1" box="[761,778,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC3682534FC39FBE1" box="[793,908,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">victoriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3B22534FBA7FBE1" box="[963,1042,1038,1065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC3B22534FBA7FBE1" box="[963,1042,1038,1065]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFA01D4DC4B72535FA81FBE1" box="[1222,1332,1038,1064]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC5322535FF5FFB85" author="Bernal, R. &amp; Gradstein, S. R. &amp; Celis, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refId="ref8117" refString="Bernal, R., Gradstein, S. R. &amp; Celis, M. (eds.) (2019) Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D. C. Available from: http: // catalogoplantasdecolombia. unal. edu. co" type="url" year="2019">
Bernal 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC5E62534FF2BFB82" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), and along with 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1C02509FD86FB82" box="[433,563,1074,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Coussapoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1C02509FE71FB85" box="[433,452,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1A52509FD86FB82" box="[468,563,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC21C2509FD6BFB82" box="[621,734,1073,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC21C2509FD6BFB82" box="[621,734,1073,1100]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">C. hirsuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they have a restricted distribution to the 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFA01D4DC4CF250AFAB3FB82" box="[1214,1286,1073,1099]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Chocó</collectingRegion>
–Darién Moist Forests Ecoregion (Bert 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1EA256EFE79FBA6" box="[411,460,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 1990, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC251256EFD51FBA6" author="Lujan, M. &amp; Idarraga, A. &amp; Hammel, B." box="[544,740,1109,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="154 - 158" refId="ref9343" refString="Lujan, M., Idarraga, A. &amp; Hammel, B. (2018) Clusia hirsuta, a new species from Clusia sect. Retinostemon and the first description of trichomes in the genus. Novon 26 (2): 154 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2018064" type="journal article" year="2018">
Luján 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC219256EFD2CFBA6" box="[616,665,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC2543FD7EFB11" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0CC2543FEF6FB5B" bold="true" box="[189,323,1144,1170]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Both populations were collected in flower and fruit on February 10, however, according to the reports in iNaturalist and the monitoring and photographic recording by the reserve’s tour guides, the flowering season take place from January to March in both locations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC25DAFF64F9DF" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0CC25DAFE6CFB32" bold="true" box="[189,473,1249,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Ecological interactions:</emphasis>
—The knowledge about the floral biology of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC39A25DAFBF0FB32" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[1003,1093,1249,1275]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC39A25DAFBF0FB32" box="[1003,1093,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was for a long time limited to various hypotheses based on its floral morphology and particularly on the arrangement of androecial and gynoecial organs inside the floral chamber, the presence of nectaries at the base of the perianth or on the anthers, the presence of osmophores and filiform appendages in the tepals, and narrowly spaced filaments of the stamens. These features correspond to a myiophilous pollination syndrome. Various lineages of flies, and mainly fungus gnats and scuttle flies, were identified as possible pollinators (
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC23424AAFD56FA65" author="Poulsen, M. V. A." box="[581,739,1425,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="18 - 38" refId="ref10270" refString="Poulsen, M. V. A. (1890) Thismia glaziovii nov. sp. Bidrag til de brasilianske Saprofyters Naturhistorie. Oversigt over det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger og dets medlemmers arbeider 1890: 18 - 38." type="journal article" year="1890">Poulsen 1890</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC29E24A9FC37FA65" author="Groom, P." box="[751,898,1425,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="327 - 361" refId="ref8836" refString="Groom, P. (1895) On Thismia aseroe (Beccari) and its mycorhiza. Annals of Botany 9: 327 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. aob. a 090742" type="journal article" year="1895">Groom 1895</bibRefCitation>
, Faegri &amp; Van Der Pijil 1979, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC4AE24A9FAD7FA65" author="Stone, B. C." box="[1247,1378,1426,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="419 - 425" refId="ref11143" refString="Stone, B. C. (1980) Rediscovery of Thismia clavigera (Becc.) F. v. M. (Burmanniaceae). Blumea 26: 419 - 425." type="journal article" year="1980">Stone 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC51E24A9FEB2FA07" author="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van &amp; de Kamer, H. &amp; van Benthem, J. &amp; Snelders, H. C. M. &amp; Rubsamen, T." pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref9401" refString="Maas, P. J. M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., van Benthem, J., Snelders, H. C. M. &amp; Rubsamen, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 42: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1986">
Maas 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0F9248EFF0EFA06" box="[136,187,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 1986
</bibRefCitation>
). Only recently the first direct observations on floral visitors and/or pollinators were conducted, thereby confirming some of these hypotheses. All the hitherto published observations were made in Asian species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC2725FE77F90C" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC0CC2725FEEBF9F1" author="Li, H. Q. &amp; Bi, Y. K." box="[189,350,1566,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref9251" refString="Li, H. Q. &amp; Bi, Y. K. (2013) A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 105 (1): 25 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 105.1.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Bi (2013)</bibRefCitation>
recorded a dipteran species visiting a flower of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3102724FB5EF9F0" authority="Li &amp; Bi (2013: 25)" authorityName="Li &amp; Bi" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="2013" box="[865,1259,1566,1593]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongshanensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC3102724FBABF9F1" box="[865,1054,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T.gongshanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC4532725FB5EF9F0" author="Li, H. Q. &amp; Bi, Y. K." box="[1058,1259,1566,1593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref9251" refString="Li, H. Q. &amp; Bi, Y. K. (2013) A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 105 (1): 25 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 105.1.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Bi (2013: 25)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
during collection of the 
<typeStatus id="D359883CFFA01D4DC0A02779FEB4F995" box="[209,257,1602,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
specimen. Subsequently, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC2542779FC86F995" author="Mar, S. S. &amp; Saunders, R. M. K." box="[549,819,1601,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 33" refId="ref9539" refString="Mar, S. S. &amp; Saunders, R. M. K. (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys 46: 21 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 46.8963" type="journal article" year="2015">Mar &amp; Saunders (2015)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of a fungus gnat (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC48B277AFA19F992" box="[1274,1452,1601,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0D6275EFEA7F9B6" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[167,274,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC16C275EFEC6F9B6" box="[285,371,1637,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) and a scuttle fly wing (
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2F3275EFD5FF9B6" box="[642,746,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC284275EFCFEF9B6" box="[757,843,1637,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) inside the floral chamber of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC4E6275EFE74F96B" authority="Mar &amp; R. M. K. Saunders (2015: 23)" authorityName="Mar &amp; R. M. K. Saunders" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="2015" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hongkongensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC4E6275EFAEDF9B6" box="[1175,1368,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. hongkongensis</emphasis>
Mar &amp; R.M.K.Saunders (2015: 23)
</taxonomicName>
. Both records, while being significant, did not provide insight into the role of these visitors and their role in pollination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFA01D4DC0CC27F5FAD8F7EC" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC0CC27F5FECEF921" author="Guo, X. &amp; Zhao, Z. &amp; Mar, S. S. &amp; Zhang, D. &amp; Saunders, R. M. K." box="[189,379,1742,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="331 - 342" refId="ref8877" refString="Guo, X., Zhao, Z., Mar, S. S., Zhang, D. &amp; Saunders, R. M. K. (2019) A symbiotic balancing act: arbuscular mycorrhizal specificity and specialist fungus gnat pollination in the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae). Annals of Botany 124 (2): 331 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcz 087" type="journal article" year="2019">
Guo 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC08227F4FE96F921" box="[243,291,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
conducted a remarkable study on the reproductive biology of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC45627F4FF4AF8C2" authority="Larsen &amp; Averyanov (2007: 16)" authorityName="Larsen &amp; Averyanov" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="2007" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC45627F4FB0AF921" box="[1063,1215,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. tentaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC4B427F4FF4AF8C2" author="Larsen, K. &amp; Averyanov, L. V." pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref9302" refString="Larsen, K. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. (2007) Thismia annamensis and Thismia tentaculata, two new species of Thismiaceae from central Vietnam. Rheedea 17 (1 &amp; 2): 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="2007">Larsen &amp; Averyanov (2007: 16)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, where they recorded insects from various families and other invertebrates as floral visitors. They identified a species of fungus gnats from the genus 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC229262EFD52F8E6" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[600,743,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Corynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC229262EFD52F8E6" box="[600,743,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Corynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC287262EFCD1F8E6" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[758,868,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC31E262EFC70F8E6" box="[879,965,1813,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) as the pollinator of this species, observing that the gnats are retained inside the floral chamber for a significant time, interact with the stigmatic region, and carry pollen grains on their bodies. Likewise, 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC23D2660FC9BF8BC" author="Yudina, S. V. &amp; Vislobokov, N. A. &amp; Nuraliev, M. S." box="[588,814,1883,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="109 - 128" refId="ref11410" refString="Yudina, S. V., Vislobokov, N. A. &amp; Nuraliev, M. S. (2021) Evidences of a mixed pollination strategy in Vietnamese species of Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales). Wulfenia 28: 109 - 128." type="journal article" year="2021">
Yudina 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC2D22667FD60F8BC" box="[675,725,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded 35 floral visitors from various insect and other invertebrate families in 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC1E12644FCB5F850" authority="Nuraliev (2015: 135)" authorityName="Nuraliev" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="2015" box="[400,768,1918,1945]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC1E12644FDA5F851" box="[400,528,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. puberula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC2672645FCB5F850" author="Nuraliev, M. S. &amp; Beer, A. S. &amp; Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P." box="[534,768,1918,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="133 - 142" refId="ref9892" refString="Nuraliev, M. S., Beer, A. S., Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P. (2015) Thismia puberula (Thismiaceae), a new species from Southern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 234 (2): 133 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 234.2.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Nuraliev (2015: 135)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(16 visitors), 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3EA2644FAABF851" authority="Nuraliev (2014: 246)" authorityName="Nuraliev" authorityPageNumber="246" authorityYear="2014" box="[923,1310,1918,1944]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC3EA2644FB98F851" box="[923,1069,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. mucronata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC4452645FAABF851" author="Nuraliev, M. S. &amp; Beer, A. S. &amp; Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P." box="[1076,1310,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref9827" refString="Nuraliev, M. S., Beer, A. S., Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P. (2014) Thismia mucronata (Thismiaceae), a new species from Southern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 167 (3): 245 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 167.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Nuraliev (2014: 246)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(18 visitors) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC0C82699FD7EF875" authority="Larsen &amp; Averyanov (2007: 13)" authorityName="Larsen &amp; Averyanov" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="2007" box="[185,715,1954,1980]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC0C82699FEECF872" box="[185,345,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">T. annamensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFA01D4DC1132699FD7EF875" author="Larsen, K. &amp; Averyanov, L. V." box="[354,715,1954,1980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref9302" refString="Larsen, K. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. (2007) Thismia annamensis and Thismia tentaculata, two new species of Thismiaceae from central Vietnam. Rheedea 17 (1 &amp; 2): 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="2007">Larsen &amp; Averyanov (2007: 13)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(one visitor). Among them, they highlighted the scuttle flies and parasitic wasps from the families 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC18C26FEFDCAF816" box="[509,639,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC2F826FEFD4AF816" authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[649,767,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Diapriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diapriidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC34526FEFC02F816" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1839" box="[820,951,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scelionidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC3B426FEFBD4F816" box="[965,1121,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
) as potential pollinators since these insects were demonstrated to carry pollen grains of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFA01D4DC37C26D3FCD2F7CB" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[781,871,2024,2050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFA01D4DC37C26D3FCD2F7CB" box="[781,871,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These studies support the earlier hypotheses based on floral morphology and demonstrate sapromyophilous pollination especially by fungus gnats and scuttle flies.
</paragraph>
<caption id="589D6616FFAF1D42C0F926F3FA21F7EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153620/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" startId="8.[136,234,1992,2014]" targetBox="[312,1276,190,1968]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAF1D42C0F926F3FA21F7EF" blockId="8.[136,1451,1992,2086]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C0F926F3FEB1F814" bold="true" box="[136,260,1992,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Pollen morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAF1D42C19926F3FD05F814" box="[488,688,1992,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C19926F3FD05F814" box="[488,688,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; LM (A–D) and SEM (E–H) images. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C45726F3FB8BF814" bold="true" box="[1062,1086,1992,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
pollen grain without fuchsin staining (showing amb circular and thin intectate exine). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C22326D7FD33F7C8" bold="true" box="[594,646,2028,2050]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">B–D.</emphasis>
Fuchsin-stained pollen grains (showing psilate sculpture and a single simple circular pore). 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C0B6292BFF44F7EC" bold="true" box="[199,241,2064,2085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">E–F</emphasis>
. Pollen grains (showing an amb circular to slightly elliptic, spherical shape and a single pore) 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAF1D42C40D292BFB20F7EC" bold="true" box="[1148,1173,2064,2085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">H.</emphasis>
Dehydrated pollen grains.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="589D6616FFAE1D43C0F92672FE02F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" startId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" targetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAE1D43C0F92672FE02F803" blockId="9.[136,1452,1865,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C0F92672FEB1F897" bold="true" box="[136,260,1865,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Comparison between 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAE1D43C1902672FD1CF897" box="[481,681,1865,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C1902672FD1CF897" box="[481,681,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAE1D43C2AB2671FCD0F896" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[730,869,1866,1887]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C2AB2671FCD0F896" box="[730,869,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">T. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C3002672FC1DF896" bold="true" box="[881,936,1865,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">A, C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C3DE2672FB4AF897" box="[943,1279,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C5772672FAA9F897" bold="true" box="[1286,1308,1865,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">E.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C5552672FEF4F84B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C13F2656FE29F84B" bold="true" box="[334,412,1901,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">B, D, F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAE1D43C1D52656FD1DF84B" authority="Guzman-Guzman" authorityName="Guzman-Guzman" box="[420,680,1901,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C1D52656FD1DF84B" box="[420,680,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
593. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C2AB2656FCB8F84B" bold="true" box="[730,781,1901,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">A–B.</emphasis>
Lateral view of the flower. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C4512656FBE0F84B" bold="true" box="[1056,1109,1901,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">C–D.</emphasis>
3/4 view of the flower. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAE1D43C5322656FAC4F84B" bold="true" box="[1347,1393,1901,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">E–F.</emphasis>
Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAE1D43C52626AAFE86F803" authority="Guzman-Guzman" authorityName="Guzman-Guzman" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán</taxonomicName>
(A, E and F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="589D6616FFAD1D40C0F92443FC58FA44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8153624" box="[136,1005,1400,1422]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153624/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" startId="10.[136,234,1400,1422]" targetBox="[153,1434,189,1371]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAD1D40C0F92443FC58FA44" blockId="10.[136,1005,1400,1422]" box="[136,1005,1400,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C0F92443FEAAFA44" bold="true" box="[136,287,1400,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 6. A.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C1C92443FDB0FA44" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[440,517,1400,1421]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C1C92443FDB0FA44" box="[440,517,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Colombia. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C2FE2443FD76FA47" bold="true" box="[655,707,1400,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">B–C.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C32D2442FC52FA44" box="[860,999,1400,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C32D2442FC52FA44" box="[860,999,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAD1D40C0CC2486FD54F8D3" blockId="10.[136,1452,1468,2070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
To date, no floral visitors have ever been recorded for the Neotropical species of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C4562487FB34FA1F" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[1063,1153,1468,1494]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C4562487FB34FA1F" box="[1063,1153,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C5512487FA11FA1F" authorityName="Maas &amp; Maas" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Miers" box="[1312,1444,1468,1494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ophiomeris">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C5512487FA11FA1F" box="[1312,1444,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. During dissection of an alcohol-stored flower of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C2DC24DAFCFAFA33" box="[685,847,1504,1530]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C2DC24DAFCFAFA33" box="[685,847,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a small dipteran was found inside the floral chamber (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFAD1D40C0E1273FFF5DF9D6" box="[144,232,1540,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[214,1373,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and ecology of Thismia. A. Mountains of the Pacific slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes. B. Riparian forests of the Danubio Stream. C. Litter accumulated in cavities formed by surface roots above ground. D. Trail towards the Danubio River (arrow indicating the area where the type locality is found). E. Fly (Diptera) recorded in the floral chamber. Photographs by Santiago Guzmán- Guzmán (A, B. D and E) and Dairo Utima (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153614/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), firmly retained between the inner surface of the hypanthium and the dorsal stamens. It is impossible to determine whether it was actually interacting with the stamens, as not a single fly approaching the flowers or interacting with them was recorded during observation and specimen collection. Nevertheless, the record of this dipteran within the flower suggests an evident floral visitation, especially considering the reported close relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C526274BFA1EF943" box="[1367,1451,1648,1674]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
and the Asian species mentioned above, as well as a combination of floral characters of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C4FC27AEFA87F967" box="[1165,1330,1684,1710]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C4FC27AEFA87F967" box="[1165,1330,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consistent with the typical pattern of sapromyophilous pollination syndrome. This is the first record of floral visitors for subgen. 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C0F927E7FEB9F93F" box="[136,268,1756,1782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Ophiomeris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C0F927E7FEB9F93F" box="[136,268,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and further studies focused on the floral biology of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C32227E6FC46F93F" box="[851,1011,1756,1782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C32227E6FC46F93F" box="[851,1011,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may provide additional insights into its pollination mechanisms and the role of floral visitors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAD1D40C0CC261FFD29F7DF" blockId="10.[136,1452,1468,2070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
The relationship between the dimorphic stamens and pollination of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C3BC261EFBC7F8F7" box="[973,1138,1828,1854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAD1D40C3BC261EFBC7F8F7" box="[973,1138,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is noteworthy. The stamen dimorphism has not been reported for any other species of family 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C31A2673FC49F8AB" box="[875,1020,1864,1890]" class="Liliopsida" family="Thismiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thismiaceae</taxonomicName>
. The dorsal stamens, lose to which the dipteran was found, forms a barrier due to the proximity of the stamens (including the basal lobes of the connectives) to the interstaminal lobes (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFAD1D40C1C426ABFDB8F862" box="[437,525,1936,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). The ventral stamens, in contrast, are more distantly spaced, and the lateral lobes of the connectives 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAD1D40C12C268FFDB5F807" box="[349,512,1972,1998]" form="openings" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" rank="form">form openings</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFAD1D40C261268FFDD3F806" box="[528,614,1972,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,196,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[229,1358,190,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thismia paradisiaca. A. Habit. B. Flower (top view). C1. Longitudinal dissection of flower. C2. Outer surface of the hypanthium. C3. Inner surface of hypanthium, showing papillae. C4. Glandular-like surface of the dorsal veins of the hypanthium. D1. Upper outer tepal (adaxial view). D2. Lateral outer tepal (abaxial view). E1. Dorsal stamens (inner=abaxial view). E2. Dorsal stamen (outer=adaxial view). E3. Papillae of the dorsal stamen apical lobe. F1. Ventral stamens (inner=abaxial view). F2. Ventral stamen (outer=adaxial view). F3. Papillae of the ventral stamen lateral lobe. G. Style and stigma. B.C. Corrales Restrepo, S. Guzmán-Guzmán &amp; E. Restrepo 001. Illustration by Maria José Rodriguez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153618/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). As a result, the dorsal stamens possibly act as a barrier that directs floral visitors to pass through the openings between the ventral stamens, hindering their exit and ensuring interaction with pollen grains before leaving the floral chamber.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAC1D41C0CC21A6FE8AFEA5" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C0CC21A6FE5CFF7E" bold="true" box="[189,489,157,183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Taxonomic relationships:</emphasis>
—We assign 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C20821A5FCEAFF71" box="[633,863,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C20821A5FCEAFF71" box="[633,863,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the subgen. 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C47021A5FAF3FF71" authority="sect. Ophiomeris" box="[1025,1350,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Ophiomeris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ophiomeris">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C47021A5FB30FF71" box="[1025,1157,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C4B321A5FAF3FF71" box="[1218,1350,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because of its underground part represented by a tuber, sulcate stem, sessile flower, laminar staminal filament and parietal placentas inserted in the basal part of the ovary. With 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C2A921DCFCCCFEC9" box="[728,889,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C2A921DCFCCCFEC9" box="[728,889,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sect. 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C3CE21DDFBF6FEC9" box="[959,1091,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Ophiomeris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C3CE21DDFBF6FEC9" box="[959,1091,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 15 species (
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C53021DDFF5DFEED" author="Kumar, P. &amp; Gale, S. W. &amp; Li, J. H. &amp; Bouamanivong, S. &amp; Fischer, G. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="225 - 240" refId="ref9167" refString="Kumar, P., Gale, S. W., Li, J. H., Bouamanivong, S. &amp; Fischer, G. A. (2017) Thismia nigricoronata, a new species of Burmanniaceae (Thismieae, Dioscoreales) from Vang Vieng, Vientiane Province, Laos, and a key to subgeneric classification. Phytotaxa 319 (3): 225 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 319.3.2" type="journal article" year="2017">
Kumar 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5E621DCFF10FEED" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C08B2031FE55FEED" box="[250,480,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C08B2031FE55FEED" box="[250,480,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all the other species of the section by having dimorphic (vs homomorphic) stamens, incurved (vs reflexed to patent) upper outer tepal and lateral outer tepals slightly revolute (vs truncate or cordate) at base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAC1D41C0CC204DFAD2FDA1" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C0CC204DFE1DFE59" box="[189,424,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C0CC204DFE1DFE59" box="[189,424,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the 
<collectingRegion id="CE26F87CFFAC1D41C225204DFD29FE59" box="[596,668,374,400]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Chocó</collectingRegion>
–Darién Moist Forests Ecoregion (
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C441204DFB4BFE59" author="Olson, D. M. &amp; Dinerstein, E. &amp; Wikramanayake, E. D. &amp; Burgess, N. D. &amp; Powell, G. V. N. &amp; Underwood, E. C. &amp; Itoua, I. &amp; Strand, H. E. &amp; Morrison, J. C. &amp; Loucks, C. J. &amp; Allnutt, T. F. &amp; Ricketts, T. H. &amp; Kura, Y. &amp; Lamoreux, J. F. &amp; Wettengel, W. W. &amp; Hedao, P. &amp; Kassem, K. R." box="[1072,1278,374,400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref10052" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. &amp; Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: A new map of life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience 51: 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
Olson 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C40E204CFB0EFE59" box="[1151,1211,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
) along with 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C5E6204CFD38FE7C" authority="K. I. Goebel &amp; Suess. (1924: 56)" authorityName="K. I. Goebel &amp; Suess." authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1924" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luetzelburgii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5E6204CFEA0FE7D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. luetzelburgii</emphasis>
K.I.Goebel &amp; Suess. (1924: 56)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C2B820A0FCD8FE7D" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[713,877,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C2B820A0FD6CFE7D" box="[713,729,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C29820A0FCD8FE7D" box="[745,877,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C4A820A0FA33FE7D" box="[1241,1414,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luetzelburgii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C4A820A0FB5CFE7D" box="[1241,1257,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C48820A1FA33FE7D" box="[1273,1414,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">luetzelburgii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having not swollen (vs swollen) apex of the cauda of the external tepals, the distal portion of the stamen connective bearing a tuft of trichomes (vs. glabrous) and the free (vs fused) stamen thecae inserted at the apex (vs middle) of the connective (
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C14D233DFDB5FDE9" author="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van &amp; de Kamer, H. &amp; van Benthem, J. &amp; Snelders, H. C. M. &amp; Rubsamen, T." box="[316,512,518,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref9401" refString="Maas, P. J. M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., van Benthem, J., Snelders, H. C. M. &amp; Rubsamen, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 42: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1986">
Maas 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C1F2233CFE09FDE9" box="[387,444,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
). Palynological analysis suggests that the pollen of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C43D233CFB5AFDE9" box="[1100,1263,518,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C43D233CFB5AFDE9" box="[1100,1263,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is like that of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C5E6233CFEA0FD8D" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luetzelburgii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5E6233CFEA0FD8D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. luetzelburgii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C1202310FE46FD8D" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[337,499,555,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C1202310FE46FD8D" box="[337,499,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
previously cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C2922311FB3DFD8D" author="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van &amp; de Kamer, H." box="[739,1160,554,580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="33 - 125" refId="ref9450" refString="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van de Kamer, H. (1988) Burmanniaceae. Flora de Colombia 7: 33 - 125." type="journal article" year="1988">Maas &amp; Maas-van de Kamer (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, however, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C5762310FA19FD8D" box="[1287,1452,554,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5762310FA19FD8D" box="[1287,1452,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably has an intermediate pollen size, being the smallest of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C3382374FC47FDA1" box="[841,1010,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luetzelburgii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C3382374FC47FDA1" box="[841,1010,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. luetzelburgii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the largest of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C4B12374FAD5FDA1" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1216,1376,591,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C4B12374FAD5FDA1" box="[1216,1376,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C5D369EFFAC1D41C0CC2349FAC8FC65" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C0CC2349FE10FD45" box="[189,421,626,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C0CC2349FE10FD45" box="[189,421,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Thismia paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the second species of 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C2CC2349FCA2FD45" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1844" box="[701,791,626,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C2CC2349FCA2FD45" box="[701,791,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Thismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
newly reported from 
<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFAC1D41C47C2349FBCEFD45" box="[1037,1147,626,652]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Colombia</collectingCountry>
since the revision of 
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C51E2349FE68FD79" author="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van &amp; de Kamer, H." pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="33 - 125" refId="ref9450" refString="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Maas-van de Kamer, H. (1988) Burmanniaceae. Flora de Colombia 7: 33 - 125." type="journal article" year="1988">Maas &amp; Maas-van de Kamer (1988)</bibRefCitation>
in the 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C25C23ADFCB0FD79" box="[557,773,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
Flora de 
<collectingCountry id="74F5760EFFAC1D41C2E623ADFCB0FD79" box="[663,773,662,688]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, bringing the number of species of the genus known for the country to four (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFAC1D41C1302381FE33FD1D" box="[321,390,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,189,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1435,187,1372]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Distribution of Thismia in Colombia. B–C. Distribution of T. paradisiaca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153624/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Of the Colombian species, 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C2BE2380FCC6FD1D" box="[719,883,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C2BE2380FD6AFD1D" box="[719,735,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C29C2381FCC6FD1D" box="[749,883,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">paradisiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the recently described 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C5762380FA3DFD1D" authorityName="Aguilar-Cano et al" authorityYear="2023" box="[1287,1416,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andicola">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5762380FAA2FD1D" box="[1287,1303,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C5572381FA3DFD1D" box="[1318,1416,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">andicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an indigo to black (vs light blue, densely punctate with sky-blue metallic dots) outer surface of the hypanthium and conical (vs obovoid) stigma lobe. It also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C3502238FB3AFCD4" authority="Poulsen (1889: 549)" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityPageNumber="549" authorityYear="1889" box="[801,1167,770,797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaziovii">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C3502238FC2AFCD5" box="[801,927,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T. glaziovii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="68734B6FFFAC1D41C3D92239FB3AFCD4" author="Poulsen, M. V. A." box="[936,1167,770,797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="549 - 550" refId="ref10236" refString="Poulsen, M. V. A. (1889) Une nouvelle phanerogame sans chlorophylle (Thismia glaziovii). Note preliminaire. Revue Generale de Botanique 1: 549 - 550." type="journal article" year="1889">Poulsen (1889: 549)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having a gibbous (vs campanulate) hypanthium and an annulus in the shape of three connate segments (vs of a single disc). Finally, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CBE24D1DFFAC1D41C0B92270FEDEFCAD" authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[200,363,842,868]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C0B92270FF6DFCAD" box="[200,216,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="3E96EA8CFFAC1D41C0962270FEDEFCAD" box="[231,363,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in addition to the characters mentioned in the diagnosis) by having prominent (vs flat) dorsal veins towards the interior of the hypanthium densely covered by small gland-like protrusions (vs papillae), connective trichomes 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFAC1D41C08C22A9FE31FC65" box="[253,388,914,940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
(vs up to 
<quantity id="CB1A9B7BFFAC1D41C18522A9FDFEFC65" box="[500,587,914,940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
) long and dimorphic (vs homomorphic) interstaminal lobes (
<figureCitation id="94D92A1BFFAC1D41C48622A9FAC5FC65" box="[1271,1392,914,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[194,1394,187,1838]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison between Thismia paradisiaca and T. panamensis. A, C. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 001. E. B.C. Corrales Restrepo et al. 002. B, D, F. Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán 593.A–B. Lateral view of the flower. C–D. 3/4 view of the flower. E–F. Inner view of the flower, showing annulus and stamens. Photographs by Brayan Camilo Restrepo (C), Mauricio Morales (B and D) and Santiago Guzmán-Guzmán (A, E and F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8153622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8153622/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>