treatments-xml/data/83/66/C1/8366C1396626A80CFF0B31CFFC777540.xml

<document id="3EA7ED10F48F7B58371963C4EC6BBC9F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194434" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a113742-9efd-4b86-81a8-915407fed4e5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194434" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460207234637" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Toledo, Luís Felipe, Loebmann, Daniel &amp; Haddad, Célio F. B." docDate="2010" docId="8366C1396626A80CFF0B31CFFC777540" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02418p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2418" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elachistocleis cesarii Miranda-Ribeiro 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="7F5FB9416624A805FF9C3478FFD2714C" masterDocTitle="Revalidation and redescription of Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Microhylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698236764349" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="231C7C368178153E78E02AC99E602DAC">Revalidation and redescription of Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Microhylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5E59F2C1105B37C999F6352071EF4CD">Toledo, Luís Felipe</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8366C1396626A80CFF0B31CFFC777540" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620311" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366C1396626A80CFF0B31CFFC777540" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366C1396626A80CFF0B31CFFC777540" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="43D523A46626A807FF0B31CFFD02749D" box="[151,720,1463,1489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6626A807FF0B31CFFD02749D" blockId="2.[151,720,1463,1489]" box="[151,720,1463,1489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="5038C7436626A807FF0B31CFFD02749D" bold="true" box="[151,720,1463,1489]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6626A807FF0B31CFFD02749D" ID-CoL="38X35" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,720,1463,1489]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF0B31CFFD02749D" bold="true" box="[151,720,1463,1489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF0B31CFFE44749D" bold="true" box="[151,406,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6626A807FE3931CFFD1A749D" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[421,712,1463,1489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. (1920) Os Engystomatideos do Museu Paulista (com um genero e tres especies novos). Revista do Museu Paulista, 12, 280 - 288, lams. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1920">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A46626A807FF0B3278FA4277E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6626A807FF0B3278FD4B775A" blockId="2.[151,686,1535,1591]" box="[151,665,1535,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6626A807FF0B3278FD4B775A" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,665,1535,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Engystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ovale" subSpecies="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF0B3278FE4F775B" box="[151,413,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Engystoma ovale cesarii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6626A807FE383187FD4B775A" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[420,665,1535,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. (1920) Os Engystomatideos do Museu Paulista (com um genero e tres especies novos). Revista do Museu Paulista, 12, 280 - 288, lams. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1920">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6626A807FF0B3258FD7C777A" blockId="2.[151,686,1535,1591]" box="[151,686,1567,1591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6626A807FF0B3258FD7C777A" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,686,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Engystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ovale" subSpecies="lineatum">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF0B3258FE63777B" box="[151,433,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Engystoma ovale lineatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6626A807FE243267FD7C777A" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[440,686,1567,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. (1920) Os Engystomatideos do Museu Paulista (com um genero e tres especies novos). Revista do Museu Paulista, 12, 280 - 288, lams. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1920">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6626A807FF0B321DFA4277E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1637,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF0B321DFEC87733" bold="true" box="[151,282,1637,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6626A807FF0B321DFEC77733" box="[151,277,1637,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
MZUSP 529, an adult male, collected at municipality of Piquete, state of São Paulo, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF6626A807FF0B32F2FF0D77E8" box="[151,223,1674,1700]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(approximately 
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB16E86626A807FE3C32F2FDC077E8" box="[416,530,1674,1700]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-22.6">22° 36’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB16E86626A807FD8232F2FD4977E8" box="[542,667,1674,1700]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-47.166668">47° 10’ W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA6626A807FD3B32F2FD2377E8" box="[679,753,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="675.0">675 m</quantity>
above sea level), on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FC7432F2FB7477E8" box="[1000,1190,1674,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1896-11">November 1896</date>
by Zech (
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6626A807FA8032F2FAAD77E8" box="[1308,1407,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1356,1380]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,346,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[194,1400,346,1339]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Elachistocleis cesarii MZUSP 529 in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194435/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A46626A807FF5A32D7FB6876B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6626A807FF5A32D7FB6876B8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1637,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6626A807FF5A32D7FE577785" bold="true" box="[198,389,1711,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6626A807FF5A32D7FE527785" box="[198,384,1711,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
– MZUSP 33 collected on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FD5832C8FCB37786" box="[708,865,1712,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1900-01">January 1900</date>
by Hempel, at Ipiranga (Ypiranga), municipality of São Paulo; MZUSP 36 (gravid female) collected on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FCAA32ADFC0977A3" box="[822,987,1749,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1896-10">October 1896</date>
by Bicego, at municipality of 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF6626A807FACD32ADFA4A77A3" box="[1361,1432,1749,1775]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Perus</collectingCountry>
; MZUSP 37 (gravid female) collected on 1897 by Bicego, at municipality of Cubatão; MZUSP 38 collected on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FF0B3358FEEE7676" box="[151,316,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1898-01">January 1898</date>
by Bicego, at Belém, municipality of São Paulo; MZUSP 42 (gravid female) collected on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FF0B333DFEEE7613" box="[151,316,1861,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1907-10">October 1907</date>
by Ruedervalt and Cheubel at Ipiranga (Ypiranga), municipality of São Paulo; MZUSP 264 (gravid female) collected together with the 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6626A807FD3C3312FCC376C8" box="[672,785,1898,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; MZUSP 715 collected on 1896 by Bicego, at Alto da Serra; MZUSP 2023 (gravid female) collected on 1897 by Bicego at municipality of Cubatão; MZUSP 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FAC433E8FF667683" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="2024" valueMax="2027">2024- 27</date>
(gravid females; except for 2025 which resembles an young male) collected on 
<date id="7F7156EF6626A807FBFC33CDFAD37683" box="[1120,1281,1973,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" value="1896-10">October 1896</date>
by Bicego at municipality of 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF6626A807FECE33A2FE4576B8" box="[338,407,2010,2036]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Perus</collectingCountry>
. All municipalities are in the state of São Paulo, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF6626A807FBF733A2FB6476B8" box="[1131,1206,2010,2036]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A46627A801FF5A34EFFA4E76A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6627A806FF5A34EFFE91706E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FF5A34EFFE9471FD" bold="true" box="[198,326,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6627A806FECD34E0FD8371FD" box="[337,593,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FECD34E0FD8371FD" box="[337,593,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) ventral coloration is white or yellow with gray marks and reticulations; 2) presence of postcommisural glands behind the corner of mouth; 3) tympanum concealed; 4) advertisement call with the mean dominant frequency of about 3.5 kHz.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FB020A76627A806FF0B3310FAE8768B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[151,1436,346,1870]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6627A806FF0B3310FAE8768B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1896,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FF0B3310FEC776CC" bold="true" box="[151,277,1896,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral views of: 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6627A806FDC63310FC9A7633" box="[602,840,1896,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FDC63310FC9A7633" box="[602,840,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Elachistocleis bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (A and B, respectively); 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6627A806FEAD33F4FE3076EF" box="[305,482,1932,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FEAD33F4FE3076EF" box="[305,482,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (C and D, respectively); 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6627A806FEE033C8FDC7768B" box="[380,533,1968,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FEE033C8FE5E768B" box="[380,396,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6627A806FE0633C8FDC7768B" box="[410,533,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Aguas Blancas, provincia de Salta, Argentina (E and F, respectively).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5FB020A76620A801FF0B32B3FD73762E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194437/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[153,1433,197,1713]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6620A801FF0B32B3FD73762E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1739,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FF0B32B3FECF77AF" bold="true" box="[151,285,1739,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FD2932B3FC1777AE" box="[693,965,1739,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FD2932B3FC1777AE" box="[693,965,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Elachistocleis piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the municipality of Viçosa do Ceará, state of Ceará, Brazil; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FC903293FCA6764E" box="[780,884,1771,1794]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FC903293FCA6764E" box="[780,884,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil (In C an arrow indicates the postcommisural gland); (E) dorsal view of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FBBB3373FB00766E" box="[1063,1234,1803,1826]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FBBB3373FB00766E" box="[1063,1234,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Trinidad and Tobago; (F) gelatinous egg mass of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FDBC3353FCD8760E" box="[544,778,1835,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FDBC3353FCD8760E" box="[544,778,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
photographed in nature, where it is possible to visualize the embryos in development inside the egg capsules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6620A801FF5A33F3FA4E76A3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1931,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FF5A33F3FDBC76E9" bold="true" box="[198,622,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
In life, 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FD7633F3FC2276E8" box="[746,1008,1931,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FD7633F3FC2276E8" box="[746,1008,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6620A801FA1F33F3FEEA7686" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FA1F33F3FEEA7686" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the reddish coloration of the ventral portion of its body (see 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6620A801FB7733C9FA897687" box="[1259,1371,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 Dorsal and ventral views of: Elachistocleis bicolor from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (A and B, respectively); E. erythrogaster from the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (C and D, respectively); E. skotogaster from Aguas Blancas, provincia de Salta, Argentina (E and F, respectively)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Figures 2</figureCitation>
C, D and 3 C, D), its smallest body size, and the presence of a well defined femoral stripe (not well defined in 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6620A801FA1F33AEFA4E76A3" box="[1411,1436,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">E.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A46621A800FF0B34E0FB817300" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6621A800FF0B34E0FB817300" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FF0B34E0FEE771FD" ID-CoL="38X37" box="[151,309,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FF0B34E0FEE771FD" box="[151,309,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Besides this, the frequency of the advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FC4934E0FB9771FD" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[981,1093,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FC4934E0FB9771FD" box="[981,1093,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is lower than that reported to 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FF0B34C5FE8A719A" ID-CoL="38X37" box="[151,344,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FF0B34C5FE8A719A" box="[151,344,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6621A800FE0434C5FD08719B" author="Kwet" box="[408,730,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kwet, A. &amp; Di - Bernardo, M. (1998) Elachistocleis erythrogaster, a new microhylid species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 33, 7 - 18." type="journal article" year="1998">Kwet &amp; Di-Bernardo 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 1999). 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FCA034C5FC7C719A" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[828,942,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FCA034C5FC7C719A" box="[828,942,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FB2534C5FAA5719A" ID-CoL="38X3L" box="[1209,1399,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FB2534C5FAA5719A" box="[1209,1399,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (mean of 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA6621A800FE54349AFDE171B0" box="[456,563,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="32.3">32.3 mm</quantity>
in males of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FD57349AFC5E71B7" ID-CoL="38X3L" box="[715,908,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FD57349AFC5E71B7" box="[715,908,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by differences in body coloration (see plate XIII in 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6621A800FEB23570FE12706E" author="Kenny" box="[302,448,264,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kenny, J. S. (1969) The Amphibia of Trinidad. In: Hummelinck, P. W. (Ed.). Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean islands, 108, pp. 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenny 1969</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6621A800FE623570FDB9706E" box="[510,619,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,197,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,197,1715]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Elachistocleis piauiensis from the municipality of Viçosa do Ceará, state of Ceará, Brazil; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of E. cesarii from Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil (In C an arrow indicates the postcommisural gland); (E) dorsal view of E. surinamensis from Trinidad and Tobago; (F) gelatinous egg mass of Elachistocleis cesarii photographed in nature, where it is possible to visualize the embryos in development inside the egg capsules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figures 3</figureCitation>
C, D, and E). 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FC8F3570FC56706D" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[787,900,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FC8F3570FC56706D" box="[787,900,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FB143570FB2F706D" ID-CoL="38X32" box="[1160,1277,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FB143570FB2F706D" box="[1160,1277,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FAA93570FA4E706D" ID-CoL="38X3F" box="[1333,1436,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FAA93570FA4E706D" box="[1333,1436,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the immaculate, yellow, ventral coloration (spotted in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FC433555FB9C700A" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[991,1102,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FC433555FB9C700A" box="[991,1102,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6621A800FB093555FAB9700B" author="Lavilla" box="[1173,1387,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Lavilla, E. O., Vaira, M. &amp; Ferrari, L. (2003) A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis ovalis - E. bicolor controversy. Amphibia-Reptilia, 24, 269 - 284." type="journal article" year="2003">
Lavilla 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FB733555FAFB700A" box="[1263,1321,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6621A800FF0B352AFEDA7020" box="[151,264,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 Dorsal and ventral views of: Elachistocleis bicolor from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (A and B, respectively); E. erythrogaster from the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (C and D, respectively); E. skotogaster from Aguas Blancas, provincia de Salta, Argentina (E and F, respectively)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figures 2</figureCitation>
A, B and 3 C, D). 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FE6E352AFDB57027" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[498,615,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FE6E352AFDB57027" box="[498,615,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FCE5352AFBF47027" ID-CoL="38X3K" box="[889,1062,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FCE5352AFBF47027" box="[889,1062,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting postcommisural glands (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FEF93500FDDC70DD" ID-CoL="38X3K" box="[357,526,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FEF93500FDDC70DD" box="[357,526,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6621A800FDD63500FD7E70DE" box="[586,684,376,402]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,346,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 Dorsal and ventral views of: Elachistocleis bicolor from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (A and B, respectively); E. erythrogaster from the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (C and D, respectively); E. skotogaster from Aguas Blancas, provincia de Salta, Argentina (E and F, respectively)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figure 2</figureCitation>
E) and by its smaller size (minimum size of 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA6621A800FB213500FADD70DE" box="[1213,1295,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.984999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="27.5">27.5 in</quantity>
males of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FA1F3500FEF370FA" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stokogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FA1F3500FEF370FA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. stokogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FEA635E5FE7C70FA" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[314,430,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FEA635E5FE7C70FA" box="[314,430,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FD2035E5FC8570FA" ID-CoL="38X3J" box="[700,855,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FD2035E5FC8570FA" box="[700,855,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by some advertisement call parameters: the call frequency is lower and call duration is shorter in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FD4935BAFC967097" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[725,836,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FD4935BAFC967097" box="[725,836,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FC3835BAFBE97097" ID-CoL="38X3J" box="[932,1083,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FC3835BAFBE97097" box="[932,1083,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<tableCitation id="464D45946621A800FBE535BAFB037090" box="[1145,1233,450,476]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1424,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Advertisement call parameters of Elachistocleis cesarii (two males) and E. piauiensis (three males). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Data on environmental temperatures and places of recordings are in the text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Besides this, 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FA1F35BAFF39734D" ID-CoL="38X35" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FA1F35BAFF39734D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller postcommisural gland (more conspicuous in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FC513590FBBC734D" ID-CoL="38X3J" box="[973,1134,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FC513590FBBC734D" box="[973,1134,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the blotches of the inguinal region are less conspicuous in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FDE63675FCC5736A" ID-CoL="38X3J" box="[634,791,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FDE63675FCC5736A" box="[634,791,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FCE03675FC23736A" ID-CoL="38X35" box="[892,1009,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FCE03675FC23736A" box="[892,1009,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In figures 2 and 3 it is possible to observe dorsal and ventral color patterns of some species of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FCC7364AFC2D7307" ID-CoL="632QW" box="[859,1023,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FCC7364AFC2D7307" box="[859,1023,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Elachistocleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5FB020A76621A800FF0B3604FE877398" ID-Table-UUID="5FB020A76621A800FF0B3604FE877398" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76621A800FF0B3604FE877398" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[151,1437,752,2001]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6621A800FF0B3604FE877398" blockId="5.[151,1437,636,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FF0B3604FEC273D8" bold="true" box="[151,272,636,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of the type series and additional specimens recently collected of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6621A800FB3E3605FA4773D8" box="[1186,1429,637,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6621A800FB3E3605FA4773D8" box="[1186,1429,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations of the measurements are defined in the Material and Methods. Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6621A800FE953688FAF9769D" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<table id="79CF828F662157FAFF0B3688FA4F769D" box="[151,1437,752,2001]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3688FA4F726B" box="[151,1437,752,807]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953688FEA6726B" box="[265,372,752,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Lectotype male</th>
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533688FDB1726B" box="[463,611,752,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paralectotype Juvenile male</th>
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3688FBFE726B" box="[662,1068,752,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paralectotype females Other males (n = 8) (n = 16)</th>
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3688FA4F726B" box="[1187,1437,752,807]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Other females (n = 3)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3742FA4F723D" box="[151,1437,826,881]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B3742FF05723D" box="[151,215,826,881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">SVL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953742FEA6723D" box="[265,372,826,881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">27.8</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533742FDB1723D" box="[463,611,826,881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">23.2</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3742FBFE723D" box="[662,1068,826,881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">32.24 ± 2.27 24.94 ± 1.05 (29.0 – 36.0) (22.6 – 26.7)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3742FA4F723D" box="[1187,1437,826,881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">29.15 ± 0.50 (28.6 – 29.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B37FDFA4F72F0" box="[151,1437,901,956]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B37FDFF0572F0" box="[151,215,901,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">AGL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9537FDFEA672F0" box="[265,372,901,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">11.6</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5337FDFDB172F0" box="[463,611,901,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">9.1</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A37FDFBFE72F0" box="[662,1068,901,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">15.51 ± 3.08 9.91 ± 0.85 (9.4 – 19.3) (8.3 – 11.3)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F37FDFA4F72F0" box="[1187,1437,901,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">11.97 ± 0.89 (11.1 – 12.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B37A8FA4F754B" box="[151,1437,976,1031]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B37A8FF05754B" box="[151,215,976,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">HL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9537A8FEA6754B" box="[265,372,976,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.9</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5337A8FDB1754B" box="[463,611,976,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5.3</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A37A8FBFE754B" box="[662,1068,976,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.66 ± 0.45 5.90 ± 0.48 (6.0 – 7.4) (5.2 –6.8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F37A8FA4F754B" box="[1187,1437,976,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.32 ± 0.34 (6.1 – 6.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3062FA4F751D" box="[151,1437,1050,1105]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B3062FF05751D" box="[151,215,1050,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">HW</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953062FEA6751D" box="[265,372,1050,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.1</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533062FDB1751D" box="[463,611,1050,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5.3</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3062FBFE751D" box="[662,1068,1050,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">7.34 ± 0.58 6.89 ± 0.50 (6.5 – 8.0) (6.1 – 8.1)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3062FA4F751D" box="[1187,1437,1050,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">7,33 ± 0.29 (7.1 – 7.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B301DFA4F75D0" box="[151,1437,1125,1180]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B301DFF0575D0" box="[151,215,1125,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">ED</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE95301DFEA675D0" box="[265,372,1125,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.2</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE53301DFDB175D0" box="[463,611,1125,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.0</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A301DFBFE75D0" box="[662,1068,1125,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.34 ± 0.47 1.21 ± 0.14 (1.0 – 2.4) (1.0 – 1.4)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F301DFA4F75D0" box="[1187,1437,1125,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.39 ± 0.23 (1.2 – 1.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B30C8FA4F75AB" box="[151,1437,1200,1255]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B30C8FF0575AB" box="[151,215,1200,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">UEW</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9530C8FEA675AB" box="[265,372,1200,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.0</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5330C8FDB175AB" box="[463,611,1200,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">0.9</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A30C8FBFE75AB" box="[662,1068,1200,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">0.98 ± 0.15 1.18 ± 0.15 (1.0 – 1.2) (1.0 – 1.5)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F30C8FA4F75AB" box="[1187,1437,1200,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.10 ± 0.15 (0.9 – 1.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3082FA4F747D" box="[151,1437,1274,1329]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B3082FF05747D" box="[151,215,1274,1329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">IOD</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953082FEA6747D" box="[265,372,1274,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.9</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533082FDB1747D" box="[463,611,1274,1329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.8</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3082FBFE747D" box="[662,1068,1274,1329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.32 ± 0.21 2.78 ± 0.24 (2.9 – 3.5) (2.4 – 3.2)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3082FA4F747D" box="[1187,1437,1274,1329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.15 ± 0.09 (3.1 – 3.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B313DFA4F7430" box="[151,1437,1349,1404]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B313DFF057430" box="[151,215,1349,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">END</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE95313DFEA67430" box="[265,372,1349,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.1</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE53313DFDB17430" box="[463,611,1349,1404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.6</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A313DFBFE7430" box="[662,1068,1349,1404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.48 ± 0.37 1.92 ± 0.20 (2.0 – 3.0) (1.5 – 2.3)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F313DFA4F7430" box="[1187,1437,1349,1404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.25 ± 0.30 (1.9 – 2.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B31E8FA4F748B" box="[151,1437,1424,1479]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B31E8FF05748B" box="[151,215,1424,1479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">SED</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9531E8FEA6748B" box="[265,372,1424,1479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.1</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5331E8FDB1748B" box="[463,611,1424,1479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.9</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A31E8FBFE748B" box="[662,1068,1424,1479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.22 ± 0.24 2.92 ± 0.24 (3.2 – 3.4) (2.6 – 3.4)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F31E8FA4F748B" box="[1187,1437,1424,1479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.27 ± 0.27 (3.0 – 3.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B31A2FA4F775D" box="[151,1437,1498,1553]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B31A2FF05775D" box="[151,215,1498,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">IND</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9531A2FEA6775D" box="[265,372,1498,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.4</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5331A2FDB1775D" box="[463,611,1498,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">0.8</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A31A2FBFE775D" box="[662,1068,1498,1553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.28 ± 0.33 1.54 ± 0.10 (0.8 – 1.8) (1.4 – 1.7)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F31A2FA4F775D" box="[1187,1437,1498,1553]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">1.70 ± 0.12 (1.6 – 1.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B325DFA4F7710" box="[151,1437,1573,1628]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B325DFF057710" box="[151,215,1573,1628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">HUL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE95325DFEA67710" box="[265,372,1573,1628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.4</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE53325DFDB17710" box="[463,611,1573,1628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">2.6</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A325DFBFE7710" box="[662,1068,1573,1628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.22 ± 0.47 3.19 ± 0.35 (2.6 – 4.0) (2.3 – 3.7)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F325DFA4F7710" box="[1187,1437,1573,1628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.30 ± 0.40 (3.0 – 3.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3208FA4F77EB" box="[151,1437,1648,1703]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B3208FF0577EB" box="[151,215,1648,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">RUL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953208FEA677EB" box="[265,372,1648,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5.2</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533208FDB177EB" box="[463,611,1648,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">3.7</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3208FBFE77EB" box="[662,1068,1648,1703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5.37 ± 0.90 4.12 ± 0.38 (4.4 – 6.9) (3.2 – 4.8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3208FA4F77EB" box="[1187,1437,1648,1703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">4.41 ± 0.16 (4.2 – 4.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B32C2FA4F77BD" box="[151,1437,1722,1777]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B32C2FF0577BD" box="[151,215,1722,1777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">HNL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9532C2FEA677BD" box="[265,372,1722,1777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.0</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5332C2FDB177BD" box="[463,611,1722,1777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">5.3</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A32C2FBFE77BD" box="[662,1068,1722,1777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.96 ± 0.62 5.92 ± 0.49 (6.3 – 8.3) (5.1 – 6.9)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F32C2FA4F77BD" box="[1187,1437,1722,1777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">6.34 ± 0.27 (6.1 – 6.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B337DFA4F7670" box="[151,1437,1797,1852]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B337DFF057670" box="[151,215,1797,1852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">THL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE95337DFEA67670" box="[265,372,1797,1852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">8.9</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE53337DFDB17670" box="[463,611,1797,1852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">8.0</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A337DFBFE7670" box="[662,1068,1797,1852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">11.49 ± 1.10 9.20 ± 0.59 (10.4 – 13.5) (7.9 – 10.2)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F337DFA4F7670" box="[1187,1437,1797,1852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">10.89 ± 0.12 (10.8 – 11.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B3328FA4F76CB" box="[151,1437,1872,1927]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B3328FF0576CB" box="[151,215,1872,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">TBL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE953328FEA676CB" box="[265,372,1872,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">10.6</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE533328FDB176CB" box="[463,611,1872,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">8.2</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A3328FBFE76CB" box="[662,1068,1872,1927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">11.90 ± 0.85 9.32 ± 0.62 (11.0 – 13.5) (7.7 – 10.3)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F3328FA4F76CB" box="[1187,1437,1872,1927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">10.39 ± 0.45 (10.1 – 10.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662157FAFF0B33E2FA4F769D" box="[151,1437,1946,2001]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<th id="F62E1B11662157FAFF0B33E2FF05769D" box="[151,215,1946,2001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">FL</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE9533E2FEA6769D" box="[265,372,1946,2001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">11.1</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFE5333E2FDB1769D" box="[463,611,1946,2001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">10.0</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFD0A33E2FBFE769D" box="[662,1068,1946,2001]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">12.78 ± 0.72 10.65 ± 0.55 (11.6 – 14.0) (9.6 – 11.7)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662157FAFB3F33E2FA4F769D" box="[1187,1437,1946,2001]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">12.41 ± 0.57 (11.8 – 12.8)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FB020A76622A803FF0B3354FEAE76E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[152,1421,212,1805]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6622A803FF0B3354FEAE76E8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1836,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6622A803FF0B3354FECD7608" bold="true" box="[151,287,1836,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Spectrograms (above) and waveforms (below) of the advertisement calls of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6622A803FB303355FA4E7608" box="[1196,1436,1837,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6622A803FB303355FA4E7608" box="[1196,1436,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in the district of Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, on 29 January 2002, air temperature of 23.1ºC and (B) 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6622A803FEDF3315FD8176C8" box="[323,595,1901,1924]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6622A803FEDF3315FD8176C8" box="[323,595,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Elachistocleis piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil, on 15 May 2005, air temperature of 27 ºC.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="43D523A46623A80CFF5A34EFFB80706E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FF5A34EFFF38724B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF5A34EFFDF571FD" bold="true" box="[198,551,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6623A802FE3334EFFDF371FD" box="[431,545,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Body robust and ovoid. Texture of the dorsal skin and undersurface of the body smooth. Skin on ventrolateral surface of body and area around the cloacal region smooth. Cloacal flap absent; vent opening positioned posterodorsally. Head small and triangular, broader than long. Cranial crests absent. A conspicuous dorsolateral skin fold from the arms to the groin. Another skin fold crossing the chest between axillae. Eyes small, slightly prominent. Snout pointed in dorsal view and protruding in lateral view. Nostrils directed anterolaterally, slightly protuberant. Choanae relatively small and round. A well developed groove in the terminal part of the lower jaw. Internarial distance small. 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FC6F3500FB1070DD" box="[1011,1218,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
distinct, rounded. Loreal region slightly convex. Interorbital space slightly convex. Lips nearly horizontal when belly is touching the ground. Presence of postcommisural glands behind the corner of mouth. Tympanum concealed. Supratympanic fold absent. Upper jaw projects 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA6623A802FD703590FC88734E" box="[748,858,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.59">1.59 mm</quantity>
beyond the lower jaw. Subgular vocal sac not expanded externally. Vocal slits present. Vomerine odontophores absent. Tongue large, oval. Arms and fingers robust and short. Legs extremely robust; almost equal lengths of thigh, tibia, and foot. Finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III. Toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV. Fingers and toes without webbing, fringes, or ridges. Finger and toe tips rounded, not flattened or expanded in discs; terminal grooves absent. Supernumerary tubercles absent in hands and feet. Large oval inner metatarsal tubercle. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Presence of a large oval thenar tubercle and a longitudinally divided palmar tubercle in hand. Nuptial asperities on males' thumb absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FF5A376AFD3F728E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF5A376AFBE47260" bold="true" box="[198,1078,786,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
Color in life of individuals apart from the 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6623A802FD7C376AFCC77260" box="[736,789,786,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
series (
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6623A802FCEA376AFC307260" box="[886,994,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,197,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,197,1715]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Elachistocleis piauiensis from the municipality of Viçosa do Ceará, state of Ceará, Brazil; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of E. cesarii from Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil (In C an arrow indicates the postcommisural gland); (E) dorsal view of E. surinamensis from Trinidad and Tobago; (F) gelatinous egg mass of Elachistocleis cesarii photographed in nature, where it is possible to visualize the embryos in development inside the egg capsules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194437/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Figure 3</figureCitation>
C, D).
</emphasis>
– Dorsum and limbs are dark brownish gray with small white dots. The single, subgular vocal sac is darker than the venter. The chest is yellow with gray marks. Belly white or yellow, with gray marks and reticulations, which reach the flanks. Orange femoral stripe present on the posterior surface of the thigh. Orange inguinal spots present. There is a tiny white vertebral line from the snout to the vent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FF5A37B5FCB1751B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF5A37B5FBAC72AB" bold="true" box="[198,1150,973,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
Color in preservative of individuals other than the 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D6623A802FCA037B5FCA072AB" box="[828,882,973,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
series (70% ethanol).
</emphasis>
– Dorsum and limbs are dark grayish blue. Ventral region is gray with white spots. These spots reach up to the lateral portion of the animals. The throat is darker than chest and belly. The inguinal spots and femoral stripes on the posterior surface of the thigh are white. Vertebral line undistinguished.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FF5A301AFEC875A0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF5A301AFE937530" bold="true" box="[198,321,1122,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Variation.</emphasis>
Females are larger than males (see 
<tableCitation id="464D45946623A802FD6D301AFC9B7530" box="[753,841,1122,1148]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,243,636,660]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,752,2001]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the type series and additional specimens recently collected of Elachistocleis cesarii. Abbreviations of the measurements are defined in the Material and Methods. Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76621A800FF0B3604FE877398" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="5FB020A76621A800FF0B3604FE877398">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Females present variation in size, with the SVL varying from 19.4 up to 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA6623A802FE2F30F0FDC975EE" box="[435,539,1160,1186]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="42.7">42.7 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE6623A802FDB530F0FCB675EE" author="Thome" box="[553,868,1160,1186]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Thome, T. C. &amp; Brasileiro, C. A. (2007) Dimorfismo sexual, uso do ambiente e abundancia sazonal de Elachistocleis cf. ovalis (Anura: Microhylidae) em um remanescente de Cerrado do estado de Sao Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 7 (1), bn 00307012007." type="journal article" year="2007">Thomé &amp; Brasileiro, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The vertebral stripe may be absent. The ventral spots may not reach the flanks and the groin region of some individuals. The throat of males is darker than that of females.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" ID-Table-UUID="5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[151,1436,1424,1863]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FF0B3164FF147438" blockId="7.[151,1436,1308,1396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF0B3164FED97478" bold="true" box="[151,267,1308,1332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Advertisement call parameters of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6623A802FD1D3165FCBA7478" box="[641,872,1309,1332]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FD1D3165FCBA7478" box="[641,872,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(two males) and 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6623A802FBBA3165FB637478" box="[1062,1201,1309,1332]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FBBA3165FB637478" box="[1062,1201,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(three males). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Data on environmental temperatures and places of recordings are in the text.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A802FD1931E8FB70760B" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<table id="79CF828F662357FAFF0B31E8FA4E760B" box="[151,1436,1424,1863]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B31E8FA4E74EB" box="[151,1436,1424,1447]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFD1931E8FCB074EB" box="[645,866,1424,1447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6623A802FD1931E8FD3E74EB" box="[645,748,1424,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FD1931E8FD3E74EB" box="[645,748,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC31E8FA4E74EB" box="[1072,1436,1424,1447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6623A802FBAC31E8FB6B74EB" box="[1072,1209,1424,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FBAC31E8FB6B74EB" box="[1072,1209,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B31C2FA4E74BD" box="[151,1436,1466,1521]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B31C2FE1374BD" box="[151,449,1466,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD1931C2FCB074BD" box="[645,866,1466,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">3.52 ± 0.08 (3.60 – 3.45; n = 8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC31C2FA4E74BD" box="[1072,1436,1466,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">4.53 ± 0.06 (4.48 – 4.65; n = 18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B327DFA4E7770" box="[151,1436,1541,1596]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B327DFE137770" box="[151,449,1541,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Minimum frequency (kHz)</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD19327DFCB07770" box="[645,866,1541,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">3.13 ± 0.09 (3.01 – 3.23; n = 8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC327DFA4E7770" box="[1072,1436,1541,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">3.41 ± 0.25 (3.18 – 3.76; n = 18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B3228FA4E77CB" box="[151,1436,1616,1671]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B3228FE1377CB" box="[151,449,1616,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Maximum frequency (kHz)</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD193228FCB077CB" box="[645,866,1616,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">4.03 ± 0.11 (3.90 – 4.17; n = 8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC3228FA4E77CB" box="[1072,1436,1616,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">5.00 ± 0.09 (4.86 – 5.10; n = 18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B32E2FA4E779D" box="[151,1436,1690,1745]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B32E2FE13779D" box="[151,449,1690,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Call duration (s)</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD1932E2FCB0779D" box="[645,866,1690,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">1.93 ± 0.46 (1.49 – 2.66; n = 8)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC32E2FA4E779D" box="[1072,1436,1690,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">2.24 ± 0.00 (2.01 – 2.51; n = 18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B329DFA4E7650" box="[151,1436,1765,1820]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B329DFE137650" box="[151,449,1765,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Pulse durantion (ms)</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD19329DFCB07650" box="[645,866,1765,1820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">4.23 ± 0.16 (3.82 – 4.60; n = 50)</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC329DFA4E7650" box="[1072,1436,1765,1820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">3,0 0 ± 0.23 (2.89 – 3.55; n = 50)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5FF726D662357FAFF0B3348FA4E760B" box="[151,1436,1840,1863]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<th id="F62E1B11662357FAFF0B3348FE13760B" box="[151,449,1840,1863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Air temperature</th>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFD193348FCB0760B" box="[645,866,1840,1863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">23.1 °C</td>
<td id="F62E1B11662357FAFBAC3348FA4E760B" box="[1072,1436,1840,1863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">22 – 27 °C</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F6623A80DFF5A33F5FB4871B0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1933,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,962]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FF5A33F5FE7176EB" bold="true" box="[198,419,1933,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Call descriptions.</emphasis>
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC6623A802FD5833F5FCE576EA" box="[708,823,1933,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D6623A802FD5833F5FCE576EA" box="[708,823,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded in Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo state, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF6623A802FEC333CAFE797680" box="[351,427,1970,1996]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on 
<date id="7F7156EF6623A802FE4133CAFD7A7680" box="[477,680,1970,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" value="2002-01-29">29 January 2002</date>
, at air temperature of 23.1 ºC (
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA6623A802FB8033CAFB547680" box="[1052,1158,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,212,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spectrograms (above) and waveforms (below) of the advertisement calls of (A) Elachistocleis cesarii recorded in the district of Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, on 29 January 2002, air temperature of 23.1 ºC and (B) Elachistocleis piauiensis recorded in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil, on 15 May 2005, air temperature of 27 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194438/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). The call consists of a loud, high pitched, sustained whistle, ranging from 1.49 to 
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB16E86623A802FC1133A0FC1676BE" box="[909,964,2008,2034]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" precision="555" value="-2.66">2.66</geoCoordinate>
s of duration, with a mean dominant frequency of 3,515 Hz, with a mean pulse rate of 238.2 per second, and 460.2 pulses per note in average. The frequency ranged from 3.01 to 4.17 kHz. The duration of the pulses did not vary much (mean of 4.23 ± 0.16 ms; n = 50). Further spectral characteristics are presented in 
<tableCitation id="464D4594662CA80DFCC0349AFC6071B0" box="[860,946,226,252]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1424,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Advertisement call parameters of Elachistocleis cesarii (two males) and E. piauiensis (three males). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Data on environmental temperatures and places of recordings are in the text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438">Table 2</tableCitation>
(see also 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA662CA80DFBBB349AFB5E71B0" box="[1063,1164,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,212,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spectrograms (above) and waveforms (below) of the advertisement calls of (A) Elachistocleis cesarii recorded in the district of Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, on 29 January 2002, air temperature of 23.1 ºC and (B) Elachistocleis piauiensis recorded in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil, on 15 May 2005, air temperature of 27 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Figure 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F662CA80DFF583570FBC0734E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFE463570FDA7706D" box="[474,629,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFE463570FDA7706D" box="[474,629,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded in the municipalities of Pacatuba on 
<date id="7F7156EF662CA80DFB793570FA49706E" box="[1253,1435,264,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" value="2007-03-13">13 March 2007</date>
(air temperature 22 ºC), Caucaia on 
<date id="7F7156EF662CA80DFDDB3555FD35700B" box="[583,743,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" value="2005-05-15">15 May 2005</date>
(air temperature 27 ºC), and Viçosa do Ceará on 
<date id="7F7156EF662CA80DFAA43555FF017020" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" value="2007-04-24">24 April 2007</date>
(air temperature 25 ºC), all of them in the state of Ceará, Northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662CA80DFBB2352AFBA97020" box="[1070,1147,338,364]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The call structure of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFA1E352AFEDD70DD" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFA1E352AFEDD70DD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFDA23500FD6270DD" box="[574,688,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFDA23500FD6270DD" box="[574,688,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and consist of a loud, high pitched, sustained whistle (ranging from 2.45 to 
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB16E8662CA80DFEA535E5FEBC70FB" box="[313,366,413,439]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" precision="555" value="-2.51">2.51</geoCoordinate>
s of duration). The duration of the pulses did not vary much (3.00 ± 0.23 ms; n = 50). However, the mean dominant frequency is higher in 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFC8335BAFC6C7097" box="[799,958,450,476]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFC8335BAFCE37097" box="[799,817,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFCDE35BAFC6C7097" box="[834,958,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4.53 ± 0.06 Hz) compared to the new species and the frequency ranged from 3.18 to 5.10 kHz (
<tableCitation id="464D4594662CA80DFCAB3590FC40734E" box="[823,914,488,514]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1308,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1424,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Advertisement call parameters of Elachistocleis cesarii (two males) and E. piauiensis (three males). Values presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Data on environmental temperatures and places of recordings are in the text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="5FB020A76623A802FF0B3164FF147438">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA662CA80DFC033590FBD6734E" box="[927,1028,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,212,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spectrograms (above) and waveforms (below) of the advertisement calls of (A) Elachistocleis cesarii recorded in the district of Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, on 29 January 2002, air temperature of 23.1 ºC and (B) Elachistocleis piauiensis recorded in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil, on 15 May 2005, air temperature of 27 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Figure 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F662CA80DFF5A3675FDEF733E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFF5A3675FEEF736B" bold="true" box="[198,317,525,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
Tadpoles are unknown; however, 10 tadpoles collected in the municipality of Vitória 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662CA80DFAD23675FA45736B" box="[1358,1431,525,551]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662CA80DFE17364AFE097300" box="[395,475,562,588]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and briefly described under the name 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFC5F364AFBA07307" box="[963,1138,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFC5F364AFBA07307" box="[963,1138,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Elachistocleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE662CA80DFB53364AFE9D733E" author="Rossa-Feres" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Rossa-Feres, D. C. &amp; Nomura, F. (2006) Characterization and taxonomic key for tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) from the northwestern region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 6 (1), bn 00706012006." type="journal article" year="2006">Rossa-Feres and Nomura (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, could be 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFE5A3620FDE4733D" box="[454,566,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFE5A3620FDE4733D" box="[454,566,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70702F662CA80DFF5A3605FADE728E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFF5A3605FE0273DB" bold="true" box="[198,464,637,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Natural history notes</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFE433605FD0973DA" box="[479,731,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFE433605FD0973DA" box="[479,731,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calls during the wet and hot season of the year (summer) as a prolonged breeder; however, after heavy rains during the hot nights it may behave like an explosive breeder (
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFF3D36B0FF3673AD" box="[161,228,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE662CA80DFF7036B0FEA873AE" author="Wells" box="[236,378,712,738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Wells, K. D. (1977) The social behaviour of anuran amphibians. Animal Behaviour, 25, 666 - 693." type="journal article" year="1977">Wells 1977</bibRefCitation>
). Males call with the legs in the water and the body out of water, holding the emergent vegetation with the forelimbs. The amplexus is axillar. We collected two amplected pairs that laid eggs in plastic bags. One female deposited 
<specimenCount id="1DC9BBA6662CA80DFDA5376AFD717260" box="[569,675,786,812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" type="egg">736 eggs</specimenCount>
and the second deposited 1126 eggs. In nature, the eggs are laid in the water surface as a gelatinous mass attached to floating or emergent vegetation (
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA662CA80DFB2B3740FAF2721E" box="[1207,1312,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,197,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,197,1715]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Elachistocleis piauiensis from the municipality of Viçosa do Ceará, state of Ceará, Brazil; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of E. cesarii from Itapé, municipality of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil (In C an arrow indicates the postcommisural gland); (E) dorsal view of E. surinamensis from Trinidad and Tobago; (F) gelatinous egg mass of Elachistocleis cesarii photographed in nature, where it is possible to visualize the embryos in development inside the egg capsules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194437/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Figure 3</figureCitation>
F). Newly metamorphosed specimens have a mean SVL of 
<quantity id="CC37DDCA662CA80DFD433725FC85723B" box="[735,855,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.183" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="11.83">11.83 mm</quantity>
± 0.38 (11.4 – 12.3; N = 6). The ecology of this species has been studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE662CA80DFE6C37FAFC8172D0" author="Thome" box="[496,851,898,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Thome, T. C. &amp; Brasileiro, C. A. (2007) Dimorfismo sexual, uso do ambiente e abundancia sazonal de Elachistocleis cf. ovalis (Anura: Microhylidae) em um remanescente de Cerrado do estado de Sao Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 7 (1), bn 00307012007." type="journal article" year="2007">Thomé and Brasileiro (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and a short communication about the defensive posture was published by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E0DDE662CA80DFE5B37D0FDA2728E" author="Toledo" box="[455,624,936,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Toledo, L. F. (2004) Elachistocleis cf. ovalis (Common Oval Frog). Death feigning. Herpetological Review, 35 (4), 371 - 372." type="journal article" year="2004">Toledo (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, in both articles under the name 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFC7137D0FAD7728D" box="[1005,1285,936,962]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFC7137D0FB43728D" box="[1005,1169,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Elachistocleis</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFB2337D0FAD7728D" box="[1215,1285,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FB020A7662CA80DFF0B3303FC38769E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[155,1432,1015,1888]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="0B70702F662CA80DFF0B3303FC38769E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1915,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFF0B3303FEC976DF" bold="true" box="[151,283,1915,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662CA80DFDE03303FCB176DE" box="[636,867,1915,1938]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662CA80DFDE03303FCB176DE" box="[636,867,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="58">Elachistocleis cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the states of São Paulo (SP), Minas Gerais (MG), and Goiás (GO), Brazil. Gray triangle represents the type locality (municipality of Piquete, São Paulo) and black circles represent other localities based on specimens deposited in scientific collections.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B70702F662DA80CFF5A34EFFB80706E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFF5A34EFFDC971FD" bold="true" box="[198,539,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
Besides the localities of the 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D662DA80CFC0134E0FC0271FE" box="[925,976,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
series, the species is known in the municipalities of Rio Claro, Campinas, Itirapina, São Paulo, Angatuba, and Ubatuba, all in the state of São Paulo. In the state of Minas Gerais it can be found in the municipalities of Jaboticatubas, Santana do Riacho, Munhoz, and Viçosa. In the state of Goiás it can be found in Pontalina (
<figureCitation id="93F46CAA662DA80CFC403570FB91706E" box="[988,1091,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1015,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1015,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution map of Elachistocleis cesarii in the states of São Paulo (SP), Minas Gerais (MG), and Goiás (GO), Brazil. Gray triangle represents the type locality (municipality of Piquete, São Paulo) and black circles represent other localities based on specimens deposited in scientific collections." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194439/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A4662DA80CFF5A3555FAB8700B" box="[198,1386,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0B70702F662DA80CFF5A3555FAB8700B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1036]" box="[198,1386,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFF5A3555FE81700B" bold="true" box="[198,339,301,327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</emphasis>
The meaning of the specific name of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFC933555FC52700A" box="[783,896,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFC933555FC52700A" box="[783,896,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not stated in the original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A4662DA80CFF5A352AFC42736B" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0B70702F662DA80CFF5A352AFC42736B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFF5A352AFE807020" bold="true" box="[198,338,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</emphasis>
The taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFDEB352AFCBA7027" box="[631,872,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFDEB352AFCBA7027" box="[631,872,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Elachistocleis ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unclear. This fact limits the recognition of several related still undescribed species in South 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFD6C3500FC8B70DE" box="[752,857,376,402]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">America</collectingCountry>
. These species are incorrectly being referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFF0B35E5FF2C70FA" box="[151,254,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFF0B35E5FF2C70FA" box="[151,254,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and even 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFEE435E5FE3D70FA" box="[376,495,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFEE435E5FE3D70FA" box="[376,495,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the past and current literature, as well as in museum collections. The lack of correct identification of all those taxa has direct implication in conservation, as some of them may be endangered or may be endemic to certain localities, countries or biomes. Therefore, a taxonomic review of the genus urges attention and may reveal a great hidden biodiversity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D523A4662DA80CFF5A364AFC777540" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B70702F662DA80CFF5A364AFC777540" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFF5A364AFD8E7300" bold="true" box="[198,604,562,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFDF9364AFCB57307" box="[613,871,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFDF9364AFCB57307" box="[613,871,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Elachistocleis bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
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3841; 3859; 4010 São Domingos, state of Santa Catarina, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFEF33620FE68733E" box="[367,442,600,626]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFE593620FDC0733E" box="[453,530,600,626]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
4225 Tabapuã, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFC353620FC26733E" box="[937,1012,600,626]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFB9C3620FB9F733E" box="[1024,1101,600,626]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
13608-10 Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFE333605FE2873DB" box="[431,506,637,663]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFD9A3605FD8173DB" box="[518,595,637,663]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
18199 Bom Jesus, state of Rio Grande do Sul, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFBE63605FB1473DB" box="[1146,1222,637,663]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFB4C3605FA9273DA" box="[1232,1344,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFB4C3605FA9273DA" box="[1232,1344,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
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4132–37; 4147–48; 4209; 4230–31; 4233–37; 4256–7 Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFB3136DAFB2973F0" box="[1197,1275,674,700]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
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8054 Campinas, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFE6636B0FD9773AE" box="[506,581,712,738]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
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12031 Itirapina, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFBDA36B0FB4273AE" box="[1094,1168,712,738]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
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4997 Itirapina, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFEE53695FE16724B" box="[377,452,749,775]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
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3768 Pontalina, state of Goiás, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFC0F3695FC0C724B" box="[915,990,749,775]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFC773695FBEA724B" box="[1003,1080,749,775]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
6575-6578 Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFEBD376AFEBC7260" box="[289,366,786,812]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFEE7376AFE1B7260" box="[379,457,786,812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
10907 Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFC19376AFC007260" box="[901,978,786,812]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFC43376AFBFF7260" box="[991,1069,786,812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">CFBH</collectionCode>
23136 Angatuba, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFF743740FEE1721E" box="[232,307,824,850]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFEDC3740FE5F721E" box="[320,397,824,850]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
599-600 São Paulo, state of São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFCF83740FC7D721E" box="[868,943,824,850]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFC273740FBDA721E" box="[955,1032,824,850]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
4246-48, 4250-51, 4263 Munhoz, state of Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFE3C3725FE39723B" box="[416,491,861,887]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFE643725FD97723B" box="[504,581,861,887]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
<date id="7F7156EF662DA80CFDD03725FD62723B" box="[588,688,861,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" value="1417" valueMax="1418">1417-18</date>
, 2848, 
<date id="7F7156EF662DA80CFC9A3725FCB8723B" box="[774,874,861,887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" value="2862" valueMax="2863">2862-63</date>
, 3031-32, 3069, 3072-76 Jaboticatubas, state of Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFEDD37FAFE5E72D0" box="[321,396,898,924]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFE0B37FAFE3672D0" box="[407,484,898,924]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
6157 (adult male recorded) Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFB0D37FAFB0E72D0" box="[1169,1244,898,924]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFB7B37FAFAE672D0" box="[1255,1332,898,924]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
4995-97 Santana do Riacho, state of Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFD0237D0FD3E728E" box="[670,748,936,962]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFD6437D0FC6F728D" box="[760,957,936,961]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFD6437D0FC6F728D" box="[760,957,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFC5237D0FBCC728E" box="[974,1054,936,962]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">MNRJ</collectionCode>
39098 adult male, 
<typeStatus id="D474CE8D662DA80CFA9537D0FAA4728E" box="[1289,1398,936,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFA1E37D0FEC172AA" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFA1E37D0FEC172AA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
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: 15880; 15902-03; 23465-71 Viçosa do Ceará, state of Ceará, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFBE937B5FB1672AB" box="[1141,1220,973,999]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CCCF0BAC662DA80CFB4C37B5FA4172AA" box="[1232,1427,973,998]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="39BBAC3D662DA80CFB4C37B5FA4172AA" box="[1232,1427,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="6DDEE8EA662DA80CFF0B378AFF367540" box="[151,228,1010,1036]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">ZUEC</collectionCode>
9422–23 Rapidos de Komoiran, Estado Bolivar, 
<collectingCountry id="73D830BF662DA80CFCB9378AFC737540" box="[805,929,1010,1036]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>