273 lines
34 KiB
XML
273 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="4AFFDDC64A45FD893BCFE1D77F0C2C65" ID-CLB-Dataset="38982" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464331980959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="8366879DE9728570FF6FE8CE0ABFFE61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4116.1..pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Setacera durani Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="7F5FFFE5E9118515FFF8E95A0E0AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1698630767650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="018725F703376AB4AEB149D0FAC88B15">
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<mods:title id="56AF77E76BC817B2147E4704C1209AC2">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A81271366FAAFA0D06D088F21F8E2F91">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5D3C3880708CB8B7398470AFC148C18">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="45B44DA16165FFFEE6F71967E568FD71">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C764D6188BC65509735DFF4E6C525B72">
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<mods:title id="13EE2CCAAFE1729E13D782F91B1E1765">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C81FC0EF1CDDABB0DDFA9DEB4F3F215">
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<mods:date id="D37C32CF651E35C72B3326D6F7B51EF5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E829AD5D2F9C98947667F80F51AE7479" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4C8CE2731A60C2CB50C9A1F45C01DF5E">4116</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B6CD4ED18820D502CC99389E895AED16" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8366879DE9728570FF6FE8CE0ABFFE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6074180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6074180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366879DE9728570FF6FE8CE0ABFFE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366879DE9728570FF6FE8CE0ABFFE61" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9728576FF6FE8CE0FFAFE47" box="[151,496,404,430]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF6FE8CE0FFAFE47" blockId="99.[151,496,404,463]" box="[151,496,404,430]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="503881E7E9728576FF6FE8CE0FFAFE47" bold="true" box="[151,496,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF6FE8CE0FFAFE47" bold="true" box="[151,496,404,430]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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31.
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FF3BE8CE0FFAFE47" ID-CoL="4WZZG" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[195,496,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF3BE8CE0F8EFE47" bold="true" box="[195,388,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Setacera durani</emphasis>
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Cresson
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9728576FF6FE8EC0F91FE26" box="[151,411,438,463]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF6FE8EC0F91FE26" blockId="99.[151,496,404,463]" box="[151,411,438,463]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9728576FF6FE8EC0F30FE26" box="[151,314,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs. 133–138</figureCitation>
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, Map 31
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9728576FF6FE8A50F63FDBB" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF6FE8A50F63FDBB" blockId="99.[151,1436,510,594]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E9728576FF6FE8A50F63FDBB" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FF6FE8A50C2AFDFD" ID-CoL="4WZZG" authority="Cresson 1935: 348" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,544,510,532]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF6FE8A50F49FDFD" box="[151,323,510,532]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Setacera durani</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9728576FEA9E8A40C2AFDFD" author="Cresson" box="[337,544,510,532]" page="348" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9728576FEA9E8A40FE2FDFD" author="Cresson" box="[337,488,510,532]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Cresson, E. T. Jr. (1935) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 61, 345 - 372." type="journal article" year="1935">Cresson 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 348
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9728576FDC5E8A40DB5FDFD" author="Sturtevant" box="[573,959,510,532]" page="202" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9728576FDC5E8A40D8CFDFD" author="Sturtevant" box="[573,902,510,532]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. & Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 202
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</treatmentCitation>
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–203 [review].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9728576FB89E8A40B24FDFD" author="Wirth" box="[1137,1326,510,532]" page="755" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9728576FB89E8A40AFFFDFD" author="Wirth" box="[1137,1269,510,532]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 755
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</treatmentCitation>
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[Nearctic catalog].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9728576FECEEB470FE4FDDA" author="Mathis" box="[310,494,541,563]" page="38" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9728576FECEEB470FC3FDDA" author="Mathis" box="[310,457,541,563]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Mathis, W. N. (1982 b) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VII: Revision of the genus Setacera Cresson. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 350, 1 - 57 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="b">Mathis 1982b</bibRefCitation>
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: 38
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</treatmentCitation>
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–40 [revision, Figs. of head, thorax, male terminalia].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9728576FBCCEB470B96FDDA" author="Mathis" box="[1076,1436,541,563]" page="253" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9728576FBCCEB470B60FDDA" author="Mathis" box="[1076,1386,541,563]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 253
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</treatmentCitation>
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[world catalog].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9728576FF6FEB240A51F84D" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF6FEB240C90FC86" blockId="99.[151,1437,638,879]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF6FEB240F1BFD7E" bold="true" box="[151,273,638,663]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FEE4EB250FDEFD7E" box="[284,468,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FEE4EB250FDEFD7E" box="[284,468,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Setacera durani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FD8EEB250D09FD7E" box="[630,771,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="needhami">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FD8EEB250D09FD7E" box="[630,771,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. needhami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FCBAEB250DE9FD7E" box="[834,995,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichoscelis">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FCBAEB250DE9FD7E" box="[834,995,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. trichoscelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but is distinguished by the following characters: interfoveal facial ridge more explanate; setation of male midfemur lacking conspicuous row of 4–7 larger setae along posteroventral surface; apical tufts of longer hairs of mid- and hindtibiae not as long; 3rd and 4th sternites of male with clump of stout setae at posteromedial edge; anal plate of female not as prominent, width greater than length; structures of male terminalia distinctive. Medium-sized to moderately large shore flies, body length 3.40–5.00 mm; coloration mostly gray to bluish green, generally microtomentose except dorsum which is subshiny to shiny with distinct metallic luster.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5FB06603E9728576FF6FECDE0C5CFA31" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" targetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" targetPageId="99">
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||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF6FECDE0C5CFA31" blockId="99.[151,1436,1412,1496]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF6FECDE0F7AFA73" bold="true" box="[151,368,1412,1435]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">FIGURES 133–138.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9728576FE82ECDF0C89FA73" authority="Cresson." authorityName="Cresson." box="[378,643,1412,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FE82ECDF0C2AFA73" box="[378,544,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Setacera durani</emphasis>
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Cresson.
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</taxonomicName>
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(133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728576FF3FECA50A51F84D" blockId="99.[151,1436,1535,2028]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF3FECA50F0EF9F1" box="[199,260,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9728576FEEDECA50F73F9F1" box="[277,377,1535,1560]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
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): Head ratio 0.61; frontal ratio 0.48; coloration of frons, fronto-orbital plates, and dorsum of interfoveal ridge concolorous, greenish blue with shiny metallic luster; frons gradually becoming narrower anteriorly, sparsely setose, setae small, generally inconspicuous; ocellar triangle microtomentose, brownish, microtomentose; ocelli in equilateral triangle. Antenna mostly unicolorous, brownish black, microtomentose; scape and pedicel with some grayish green coloration ventrally; arista thickened on basal 1/3; basal 2/3 with dorsal subpectinate branching, length of longer rays about twice greatest width of arista. Face bicolored; dorsum of interfoveal ridge bluish green, mostly shiny, becoming duller and brownish toward edge of facial ridge; lower portion of face silvery white, from some angles with slight brownish to olivaceous coloration; setae along anterior edge of ridge larger, stout, otherwise facial setae relatively small, generally inconspicuous, uniformly scattered; anterior margin of lower portion of face in profile receding slightly to oral margin. Eye ratio 0.80, orientation of eye at oblique angle to plane of epistoma. Gena-to-eye ratio 0.52; gena mostly concolorous with lower portion of face, posterior portion becoming duller, grayer, with some faint olivaceous coloration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9728571FF3FEEF50CDFF966" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9728571FF3FEEF50A6DFEA9" blockId="99.[151,1436,1535,2028]" lastBlockId="100.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9728576FF3FEEF50F2BF821" box="[199,289,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Mesonotum dull, microtomentose along anterior margin, becoming progressively shinier posteriorly, posterior portion distinctly shiny with metallic, slightly brownish green luster; scutellum concolorous with posterior portion of mesonotum; setae other than larger setae reduced, generally inconspicuous. Pleural areas mostly dull, microtomentose to microtomentose; notopleuron with some subshiny to shiny areas like mesonotum above; coloration generally olivaceous to gray, becoming grayer ventrally and anteriorly. Femora mostly gray with some greenish or bluish coloration; tibiae mostly black; hindtarsi mostly concolorous with hindtibia; mid- and foretarsi more yellowish orange. Costal vein ratio of averaging 0.27; M vein ratio 0.79.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758571FF3FE8160B61FD89" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF3FE8160F30FE8C" box="[199,314,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Dorsum generally subshiny, extreme anterior margin mostly dull gray, becoming subshiny posteriorly with metallic greenish luster; venter entirely dull, gray to olivaceous green. Tergite 5 of males almost as long as combined length of tergites 3 and 4, becoming narrower to subtruncate posterior edge. Epandrium of male terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FEE1E8ED0FB6FE39" box="[281,444,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs. 135–136</figureCitation>
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) rounded dorsally, lateral margins expanding laterally, broadly truncate ventrally where surstyli attach; surstyli in posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FD9EE8860CCCFE1C" box="[614,710,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 135</figureCitation>
|
||
) fused medially forming broadly U-shaped process with median, pointed process as long as either surstylar arm, each arm broadly rounded and densely setose; aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FACCE8A50B9EFDF1" box="[1332,1428,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
|
||
) rather bulbous, broadly produced, rounded apically. Sternites 3 and 4 of males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FBD6EB7E0A9AFDD5" box="[1070,1168,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 134</figureCitation>
|
||
) with dense clusters of stout setae at posteromedial edge. Female terminalia, including female ventral receptacle, as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FB3CEB1D0B6DFD89" box="[1220,1383,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 138" captionStartId="99.[151,264,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,936,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,932,1392]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 138. Setacera durani Cresson. (133) head, lateral view; (134) male sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; (135) surstyli, posterior view; (136) male terminalia, lateral view; (137) female terminalia, lateral view; (138) female ventral receptacle, lateral view (from Mathis 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399450/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs. 137–138</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758571FF6FEF230CDFF966" blockId="100.[151,725,1657,1679]" box="[151,725,1657,1679]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF6FEF230EFDF967" bold="true" box="[151,247,1657,1678]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">MAP 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9758571FE2BEF200CDFF966" authority="Cresson." authorityName="Cresson." box="[467,725,1657,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FE2BEF200C7CF966" box="[467,630,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Setacera durani</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9758571FF3FEFEC0FACF822" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758571FF3FEFEC0B65F8FE" blockId="100.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF3FEFEC0F7DF926" bold="true" box="[199,375,1718,1743]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9758571FF3FEFEC0F08F926" box="[199,258,1718,1743]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9758571FE4DEFEC0C1DF926" box="[437,535,1718,1743]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male is labeled “Los Angeles R[iver]. Cal[ifornia].,
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE9758571FB81EFED0B2BF926" box="[1145,1313,1718,1743]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1916-08-15">Aug. 15, 1916</date>
|
||
, V. Duran, Coll/♂/
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9758571FF12EF800F38F91A" box="[234,306,1754,1779]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
No. 6515
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9758571FE4DEF810C87F91A" box="[437,653,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Setacera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durani">Setacera DURANI</taxonomicName>
|
||
E T Cresson, Jr. [red].” The
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9758571FC17EF800A5BF91A" box="[1007,1105,1754,1779]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is in good condition and is deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9758571FEB7EFA50F9DF8FE" box="[335,407,1791,1815]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
(6516). Cresson's original description lists a female paratopotype, also in the Academy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758571FF3FEE780B0DF8D2" blockId="100.[151,1436,1718,2031]" box="[199,1287,1826,1851]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF3FEE780F6FF8D2" bold="true" box="[199,357,1826,1851]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9758571FF3FEE780F08F8D2" box="[199,258,1826,1851]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9758571FE94EE780C0FF8D2" box="[364,517,1826,1851]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
. California. Los Angeles: Los Angeles River (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FBF4EE780A6CF8D2" box="[1036,1126,1826,1851]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-33.75">33°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FB8BEE790AF1F8D2" box="[1139,1275,1827,1851]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="92" value="-118.18833">118°11.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758571FF3FEE1C0FACF822" blockId="100.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF3FEE1C0C42F8B6" bold="true" box="[199,584,1862,1887]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FDB6EE1D0D75F8B6" box="[590,895,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9758571FDB6EE1D0CB1F8B7" box="[590,699,1863,1886]" name="Mexico" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Baja California:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9758571FC7EEE1D0A06F8B6" box="[902,1036,1862,1887]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">San Vicente</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FBE4EE1D0A7DF8B6" box="[1052,1143,1863,1887]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-31.333334">31°20'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FB7BEE1C0AFCF8B6" box="[1155,1270,1862,1887]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-116.25">116°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE9758571FAF1EE1D0B9DF8B6" box="[1289,1431,1863,1887]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1941-09-20">20 Sep 1941</date>
|
||
, E. S. Ross, G. Bohart (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9758571FE6AEE310FBCF86A" box="[402,438,1899,1923]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9758571FE3AEE310FF7F86A" box="[450,509,1899,1923]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
); Santo
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9758571FDAEEE300CCAF86A" box="[598,704,1898,1923]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Domingo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE9758571FD37EE300D05F86B" box="[719,783,1898,1923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="5.7">5.7 m</quantity>
|
||
E; Hamilton Ranch;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FC03EE310A5FF86A" box="[1019,1109,1899,1923]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-30.733334">30°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FB99EE300AD9F86A" box="[1121,1235,1898,1923]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-115.96667">115°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE9758571FB1FEE310B7CF86A" box="[1255,1398,1898,1923]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1963-04-22">22 Apr 1963</date>
|
||
, H. B. Leech, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9758571FE27EED50C0FF84E" box="[479,517,1935,1959]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9758571FDBEEED50C75F84E" box="[582,639,1935,1959]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9758571FD75EED50CE9F84E" box="[653,739,1935,1959]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Tijuana (
|
||
<quantity id="CC379B6EE9758571FCA6EED40DA2F84E" box="[862,936,1934,1959]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
S;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FC29EED50A26F84E" box="[977,1068,1935,1959]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-32.033333">32°02'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9758571FBC1EED50AA6F84E" box="[1081,1196,1935,1959]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="925" value="-117.01667">117°01'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="7F71104BE9758571FB3AEED40B59F84E" box="[1218,1363,1934,1959]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1950-06-26">26 Jun 1950</date>
|
||
, A. L. Melander (
|
||
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9758571FEEBEEE90F32F822" box="[275,312,1971,1995]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9758571FEBCEEE90F90F822" box="[324,410,1971,1995]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9758570FF3FEE8C0B79FEF4" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9758570FF3FEE8C0C01FF3C" blockId="100.[151,1436,1718,2031]" lastBlockId="101.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9758571FF3FEE8C0F53F806" bold="true" box="[199,345,2006,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9758571FE90EE8C0FB1F806" box="[360,443,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 34" captionStartId="25.[151,264,801,824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,193,776]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[160,1426,193,781]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 34. Structures of male and female terminalia of Paracoenia wirthi Mathis. (30) epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior view; (31) epandrium, cerci, surstyli and gonite, lateral view; (32) ventral apex of male tergite 5, ventral view; (33) female ventral receptacle, lateral view; (34) male sternite 5, ventral view (from Mathis 1980)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399420/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs in the Southwest of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9758571FC4DEE8C0A41F806" box="[949,1099,2006,2031]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(California, Arizona, Oregon, Nevada, Colorado) and extends into northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9748570FD66E9CD0CFDFF59" box="[670,759,151,176]" name="Mexico" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We have examined many specimens from the three sites in Baja California noted previously.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9748570FF3FE9850B79FEF4" blockId="101.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9748570FF3FE9850F8DFF11" bold="true" box="[199,391,223,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Practically nothing is known about the ecology or immatures of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9748570FAF0E9BA0B96FF11" author="Foote" box="[1288,1436,224,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refString="Foote, B. A. (1982) Biology and immature stages of Setacera atrovirens a grazer of floating algal mats (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 84 (4), 828 - 844." type="journal article" year="1982">Foote (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected adults from an algal mat that had formed in a small, sewage-polluted stream near Patagonia, Arizona.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9748570FF3FE87D0ABFFE61" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9748570FF3FE87D0ABFFE61" blockId="101.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9748570FF3FE87D0F31FEA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9748570FDF4E8720C8FFEA9" box="[524,645,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9748570FDF4E8720C8FFEA9" box="[524,645,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister species, as evidenced by the joint possession of a median, triangular projection between the surstyli. This species is distinguished externally from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9748570FB78E8170AF2FE8D" box="[1152,1272,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9748570FB78E8170AF2FE8D" box="[1152,1272,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the evenly rounded, supraspiracular convexity and by the distinct tuft of setae at the apex of the midtibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |