treatments-xml/data/83/66/87/8366879DE95E8547FF6FEBDF0CAAFA42.xml
2024-06-21 12:42:17 +02:00

471 lines
51 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="42A080BF50AC08A559F5876E6F8B319A" ID-CLB-Dataset="38982" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464331980959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. &amp; Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="8366879DE95E8547FF6FEBDF0CAAFA42" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4116.1..pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cirrula hians Say" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="7F5FFFE5E9118515FFF8E95A0E0AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1698630767650" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="5597E5A8A25DF934D605EA0E27D1A265" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="410E4B5D5979EEC2B66C4FB6EB71D5F2">
<mods:title id="EE06D9144314A2A013C0A5369A2C7109">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AE110465C8074C76EAA26CA7D9A4F011" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A1D09128C26C58E54683DD6C199942E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="469C5BD51A437D6D087B85B29670E573">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="570241D4B5DA30B4468554D7B8677D6C">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3501C551680D82B6BEAEA486DF09FDB9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="48325C880B828C8100EE0C9141B7105D">
<mods:roleTerm id="1547B698E770336DC1CE8BBE0F710FF4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="577DA247CF96C8103F13D60C61272A18">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1005AD622E6D1D59BEFE673FE3335C36">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="527105894DCA1079F9ED4E9E53DBDCB3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="90A69D98BF5E1EA1AD61873915EB2A66">
<mods:title id="4BF01D0BBBE491B6AEBD16311FCE6CC9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5C24A8F7ACE50175933816C380AB0759">
<mods:date id="71042888DA5362B869E552188E80431B">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0D3941176277A2C713B7FF24912FB92F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FDA9E84937E5D8F87CF7CD0667F7B9EC">4116</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3AFE14CFDE776CFB5A8C68BE37E343F2" type="issue">
<mods:number id="368DC8A605892C9414FB452BAB0C3F23">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CF0A6A08EAE72FAB3A1F8A9CA9C5977D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8CBB2260A73095EB25DFB973C0158434">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4FF7C4EA21A99D61917CB9A0930FBFA1">110</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="504690E66EB14DC16026C6ECE2E1B4C8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2562FD72C959F85C4F00E86097C3AF98" type="CLB-Dataset">38982</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="96E19F7E2DD418DE25C4674A4106ED2C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A61246DD7BAB759A4A808993EFE01AB" type="GBIF-Dataset">c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B6B4E4E8C604841B332A19A89816985" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A369D8D1A6B22B5D4325FF53A6294434" type="Zenodo-Dep">257322</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B70304B4F4D56C6F1B3FE0AEAB126C5" type="ZooBank">22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8366879DE95E8547FF6FEBDF0CAAFA42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6074136" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6074136" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366879DE95E8547FF6FEBDF0CAAFA42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366879DE95E8547FF6FEBDF0CAAFA42" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95E855AFF6FEBDF0FA4FD76" box="[151,430,645,671]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEBDF0FA4FD76" blockId="79.[151,430,645,704]" box="[151,430,645,671]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="503881E7E95E855AFF6FEBDF0FA4FD76" bold="true" box="[151,430,645,671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEBDF0FA4FD76" bold="true" box="[151,430,645,671]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
25.
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF3BEBDF0FA4FD76" ID-CoL="B9B4S" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[195,430,645,671]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF3BEBDF0F6CFD76" bold="true" box="[195,358,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95E855AFF6FEBFD0F92FD29" box="[151,408,679,704]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEBFD0F92FD29" blockId="79.[151,430,645,704]" box="[151,408,679,704]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95E855AFF6FEBFD0F3CFD29" box="[151,310,679,704]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 111 113" captionStart-1="FIGURE 114" captionStartId-0="80.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionStartId-1="81.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1344,203,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[348,1230,198,1028]" captionTargetId-0="figure@80.[196,1380,193,1927]" captionTargetId-1="figure@81.[340,1247,193,1033]" captionTargetPageId-0="80" captionTargetPageId-1="81" captionText-0="FIGURES 111 113. Cirrula hians (Say). (111) head, anterior view; (112) same, lateral view; (113) mesonotum, dorsal view; scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 114. Structures of male terminalia of Cirrula hians (Say). (114) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/399442/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/399443/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 111114</figureCitation>
, Map 25
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95E855AFF6FEBB00B65FBBB" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEBB00A3EFCF6" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEBB00A3EFCF6" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEBB00C36FCE9" ID-CoL="8C2CP" authority="Say 1830: 188" authorityName="Say" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,572,746,768]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEBB00F21FCE9" box="[151,299,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra hians</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFEC8EBB00FC8FCE9" author="Say" box="[304,450,746,768]" page="188" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1830">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFEC8EBB00F98FCE9" author="Say" box="[304,402,746,768]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Say, T. (1830) Descriptions of North American dipterous insects. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6 (2), 183 - 188." type="journal article" year="1830">Say 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 188
</treatmentCitation>
(1859: 371)
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFDA2EBB00D4CFCE9" author="Osten" box="[602,838,746,768]" page="54" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFDA2EBB00D29FCE9" author="Osten" box="[602,803,746,768]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1858) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 3, i - xx + 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1858">Osten Sacken 1858</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog]; 1878: 203 [Nearctic catalog].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFAB3EBB00F27FCF6" author="Aldrich" page="630" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFAB3EBB00EF7FCF6" author="Aldrich" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 630
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog]; 1912: 85 [photos of egg, larva, pupa and adult; biology].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEA720B35FCD7" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" box="[151,1343,808,830]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEA720B35FCD7" box="[151,1343,808,830]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEA720F46FCD7" box="[151,332,808,830]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydropyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEA720F46FCD7" box="[151,332,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Hydropyrus hians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFE92EA720C23FCD7" author="Cresson" box="[362,553,808,830]" page="216" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE92EA720FF3FCD7" author="Cresson" box="[362,505,808,830]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Cresson, E. T. Jr. (1934) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. - XI. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 60, 199 - 222." type="journal article" year="1934">Cresson 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 216
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFDBEEA720D50FCD7" author="Wirth" box="[582,858,808,830]" page="171" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFDBEEA720D20FCD7" author="Wirth" box="[582,810,808,830]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 372 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
[review].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFC29EA720A76FCD7" author="Wirth" box="[977,1148,808,830]" page="754" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFC29EA720A46FCD7" author="Wirth" box="[977,1100,808,830]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. &amp; Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 754
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEA1C0A0DFC92" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEA1C0A0DFC92" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEA1C0FC0FCB5" ID-CoL="8C2CP" box="[151,458,838,860]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians" subGenus="Hydropyrus">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEA1C0FC0FCB5" box="[151,458,838,860]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra (Hydropyrus) hians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFE1FEA1C0D68FCB5" author="Sturtevant" box="[487,866,838,860]" page="171" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE1FEA1C0D20FCB5" author="Sturtevant" box="[487,810,838,860]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. &amp; Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
[review].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFC18EA1C0A90FCB5" author="Wirth" box="[992,1178,838,860]" page="374" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFC18EA1C0A69FCB5" author="Wirth" box="[992,1123,838,860]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1971) The brine flies of the genus Ephydra in North America (Diptera: Ephydridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 64 (2), 357 - 377. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 64.2.357" type="journal article" year="1971">Wirth 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 374
</treatmentCitation>
[review, Figs. of male terminalia].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFEACEA3F0C10FC92" author="Simpson" box="[340,538,869,891]" page="268" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFEACEA3F0FE0FC92" author="Simpson" box="[340,490,869,891]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Simpson, K. W. (1976) The mature larvae and puparia of Ephydra (Halephydra) cinerea Jones and Ephydra (Hydropyrus) hians Say (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78 (3), 263 - 269." type="journal article" year="1976">Simpson 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 268
</treatmentCitation>
[redescription and Figs. of larva and puparium].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEADE0A29FC73" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" box="[151,1059,900,922]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEADE0A29FC73" box="[151,1059,900,922]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEADE0F2AFC73" ID-CoL="B9B4S" box="[151,288,900,922]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEADE0F2AFC73" box="[151,288,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFEC6EADE0C94FC73" author="Mathis" box="[318,670,900,922]" page="237" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFEC6EADE0C64FC73" author="Mathis" box="[318,622,900,922]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</treatmentCitation>
[generic combination; world catalog].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEAF80FA2FC3E" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEAF80FA2FC3E" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEAF80C11FC51" ID-CoL="8872N" authority="Loew 1866: 182" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,539,930,952]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassimana">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEAF80F61FC51" box="[151,363,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra crassimana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFE8BEAF90C11FC51" author="Loew" box="[371,539,930,952]" page="182" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE8BEAF90FE1FC51" author="Loew" box="[371,491,930,952]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Loew, H. (1866) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria sexta. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 9 [1865], 127 - 186. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18660100103" type="journal article" year="1866">Loew 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 182
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFDC2EAF80D32FC51" author="Osten" box="[570,824,930,952]" page="203" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFDC2EAF80D0DFC51" author="Osten" box="[570,775,930,952]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 16 (2 [= publication 270]), i - xlviii + 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="1878">Osten Sacken 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 203
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFBECEAF80ADFFC51" author="Aldrich" box="[1044,1237,930,952]" page="629" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFBECEAF80AA9FC51" author="Aldrich" box="[1044,1187,930,952]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 629
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog]; 1912: 85 [synonymy].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FEABA0C61FBFD" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FEABA0C61FBFD" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FEABA0C22FC1F" ID-CoL="8872K" authority="Packard 1871: 103" authorityName="Packard" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,552,992,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FEABA0F69FC1F" box="[151,355,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra californica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFE92EABA0C22FC1F" author="Packard" box="[362,552,992,1014]" page="103" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE92EABA0FF2FC1F" author="Packard" box="[362,504,992,1014]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Packard, A. S. Jr. (1871) On insects inhabiting salt water. No. 2. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3 rd series, 1 (1 - 6), 100 - 110. [whole number 101] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 1.2.100" type="journal article" year="1871">Packard 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 103
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[larva and pupa only].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFCDDEABA0A15FC1F" author="Osten" box="[805,1055,992,1014]" page="203" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFCDDEABA0DE5FC1F" author="Osten" box="[805,1007,992,1014]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 16 (2 [= publication 270]), i - xlviii + 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="1878">Osten Sacken 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 203
</treatmentCitation>
[catalog, notes].—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFB26EABA0B96FC1F" author="Aldrich" box="[1246,1436,992,1014]" page="629" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFB26EABA0B66FC1F" author="Aldrich" box="[1246,1388,992,1014]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 629
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog]; 1912: 85 [synonymy].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FED470A85FBDA" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" box="[151,1167,1053,1075]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FED470A85FBDA" box="[151,1167,1053,1075]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FED470C01FBDA" ID-CoL="8873M" authority="Williston 1893: 257" authorityName="Williston" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,523,1053,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsata">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FED470F36FBDA" box="[151,316,1053,1075]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra tarsata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFEBAED470C01FBDA" author="Williston" box="[322,523,1053,1075]" page="257" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFEBAED470FD6FBDA" author="Williston" box="[322,476,1053,1075]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Williston, S. W. (1893) List of Diptera of the Death Valley Expedition. In: Riley, C. V. (Ed.), The Death Valley Expedition. A biological survey of parts of California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. Part II. 4. Report on a small collection of insects made during the Death Valley Expedition. North American Fauna, 7, 235 - 268." type="journal article" year="1893">Williston 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 257
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFDD0ED470CEFFBDA" author="Aldrich" box="[552,741,1053,1075]" page="630" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFDD0ED470CBFFBDA" author="Aldrich" box="[552,693,1053,1075]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 630
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog]; 1912: 85 [synonymy].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FED660B65FBBB" blockId="79.[151,1436,746,1106]" box="[151,1391,1084,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E95E855AFF6FED660B65FBBB" box="[151,1391,1084,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFF6FED660F38FBBB" ID-CoL="6FQ33" box="[151,306,1084,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salina">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FED660F38FBBB" box="[151,306,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ephydra salina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of authors, not
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFE2AED660C63FBBB" author="Curran" box="[466,617,1084,1106]" page="7" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFE2AED660C5EFBBB" author="Curran" box="[466,596,1084,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Curran, C. H. (1931) Twelve new Diptera. American Museum Novitates, 492, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1931">Curran 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFD7FED660DE8FBBB" author="Sturtevant" box="[647,994,1084,1106]" page="171" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFD7FED660DBCFBBB" author="Sturtevant" box="[647,950,1084,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. &amp; Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE95E855AFBF8ED660AA1FBBB" author="Wirth" box="[1024,1195,1084,1106]" page="754" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE95E855AFBF8ED660A71FBBB" author="Wirth" box="[1024,1147,1084,1106]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. &amp; Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 754
</treatmentCitation>
[Nearctic catalog].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E95E855AFF6FED230FDDF81B" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF6FED230F78FAAF" blockId="79.[151,1436,1145,2034]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF6FED230F1BFB7B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1145,1170]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E95E855AFEE2ED230FBEFB7B" box="[282,436,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFEE2ED230FBEFB7B" box="[282,436,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other congeners by the following characters: cruciate interfrontal setae 2 pairs; postocellar setae well developed, 23 pairs; lateroclinate, fronto-orbital setae 34 pairs; gena-to-eye large; dorsocentral setae 6 (2+4); prescutellar setae 1, well developed; forebasitarsus of male with ventral tuft of hairs near apex; and conformation of male terminalia distinctive. Moderately large to large shore flies, body length
<quantity id="CC379B6EE95E855AFF6FEC530F34FAC8" box="[151,318,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="4.5">4.506.70 mm</quantity>
; generally dull, microtomentose, mostly gray, with some subshiny to shiny areas dorsally and faint indication of vittae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE95E855AFF3FEC0B0FDDF81B" blockId="79.[151,1436,1145,2034]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E95E855AFF3FEC0B0F0EFA83" box="[199,260,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE95E855AFEEEEC0B0FB6FA83" box="[278,444,1361,1386]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 113" captionStartId="80.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[216,1344,203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[196,1380,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURES 111 113. Cirrula hians (Say). (111) head, anterior view; (112) same, lateral view; (113) mesonotum, dorsal view; scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399442/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 111112</figureCitation>
): Head ratio 0.68; frontal ratio 0.61; mesofrons with lateral margins slightly rounded, narrowed slightly toward anterior margin, shiny with metallic blackish to dark silvery blue luster; ocellar triangle and parafrons mostly concolorous, dull, roughly microtomentose, charcoal gray to brownish gray, gradually becoming darker anteriorly; ocelli in isosceles triangle with distance between posterior ocelli much less than either of latter and anterior ocellus; cruciate, interfrontal setae 2, occasionally 3 pairs, large, anterior pair larger, adjoining areas of mesofrons and parafrons with smaller incurved setae; ocellar setae well developed, proclinate, divergent, inserted midway between anterior ocellus and posterior ocelli; postocellar setae 23 pairs well developed, anterior pair inserted between posterior ocelli, with several smaller setae in addition; lateroclinate, fronto-orbital setae 34 pairs, very slightly divergent, a few smaller setae scattered in between; postocular setae well developed, especially those along posteroventral margin of eye, frequently with 1 larger dorsalmost pair of postocular setae. Scape and pedicel mostly unicolorous, concolorous with general coloration of face; basal flagellomere duller with some brownish color; arista about as long as combined length of 1st 3 antennal segments, thickened along basal 1/3, apex of thickened portion with a few branching rays about equal in length to thickness of arista at widest point, apical 2/ 3 style-like. Facial ratio 0.61; facial hump broad but distinct, dorsum only partially subshiny; antennal groove deeply impressed, less microtomentose than face, with greenish blue color; face microtomentose, more or less unicolorous, gray; marginal setae of face larger along margins, particularly along lateral margins of oral opening; face in lateral view decidedly projecting anteriorly. Eye ratio 1.21, oriented at slight oblique angle to epistoma; gena-to-eye ratio 0.60; gena high, bare anteriorly, concolorous with face, becoming setose and darker, more charcoal colored posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5FB06603E9418545FF6FEEF60F6AF808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399442/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" targetBox="[216,1344,203,1903]" targetPageId="80">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9418545FF6FEEF60F6AF808" blockId="80.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9418545FF6FEEF60F63F82B" bold="true" box="[151,361,1964,1987]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURES 111113.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9418545FE89EEF60C37F82B" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[369,573,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9418545FE89EEF60FF6F82B" box="[369,508,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
. (111) head, anterior view; (112) same, lateral view; (113) mesonotum, dorsal view; scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5FB06603E9408544FF6FED440B27FBDD" box="[151,1325,1054,1076]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399443/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[348,1230,198,1028]" targetPageId="81">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF6FED440B27FBDD" blockId="81.[151,1325,1054,1076]" box="[151,1325,1054,1076]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FF6FED440F21FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,299,1054,1076]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 114.</emphasis>
Structures of male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FD81ED440D48FBDD" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[633,834,1054,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FD81ED440D08FBDD" box="[633,770,1054,1076]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
. (114) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9408544FF3FED3B0CAFF9A7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FED3B0AD3FAB8" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FF3FED3B0F12FB93" box="[199,280,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9408544FED4ED3B0F99FB90" box="[300,403,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 113" captionStartId="80.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[216,1344,203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[196,1380,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURES 111 113. Cirrula hians (Say). (111) head, anterior view; (112) same, lateral view; (113) mesonotum, dorsal view; scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399442/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
): Generally dull, microtomentose, gray. Mesonotum darker, more charcoal colored than pleural areas; 1 anteromedial vitta, shiny, dark silvery blue; area laterad of vitta brownish gray; dorsum of scutellum subshiny to shiny, concolorous with mesonotal vitta; dorsocentral setae 6 pairs (2+4); prescutellar acrostichal setae 1 pair, large; presutural supra-alar setae 1 pair, smaller than presutural setae; pleural areas mostly unicolorous, gray to very pale greenish gray. Wing hyaline to palely infumate, pale grayish brown; costal vein ratio 0.24; M vein ratio 1.15; wing ratio 0.47. Legs mostly unicolorous, gray, gradually becoming darker apically, apical tarsomeres grayish black; forebasitarsus of male swollen, with a tuft of hairs on venter near apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FEC060CAFF9A7" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FF3FEC060F30FA9C" box="[199,314,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Generally gray to brownish gray, each tergite slightly darker anteriorly; tergite 5 of male mostly brownish gray, apex slightly emarginate; structures of male terminalia as follows (
<figureCitation id="93F42A0EE9408544FBB4ECDB0ABBFA70" box="[1100,1201,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[348,1230,198,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[340,1247,193,1033]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 114. Structures of male terminalia of Cirrula hians (Say). (114) ventral margin of epandrium and surstyli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399443/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
): epandrium parallel sided, anteroventral margin curved inward; surstyli simple, apical 1/3 narrowed in profile; gonite 4 times longer than wide, with short anterior process just apicad of midpoint, apex gently curved anteriorly; phallapodeme slender, sinuous, folded on itself at middle; aedeagus a simple tube, a membranous sack at apex; female ventral receptacle with large operculum, longer than high, more or less evenly rounded; extended process with slight extension on medial surface within operculum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9408547FF3FEF030D2DFEA9" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FEF030CA2F8CF" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FF3FEF030F7DF99B" bold="true" box="[199,375,1625,1650]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FF3FEF030F08F99B" box="[199,258,1625,1650]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
The primary
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FDEEEF000C5BF99B" box="[534,593,1626,1650]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FD82EF030D59F998" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[634,851,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FD82EF030D2BF99B" box="[634,801,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ephydra hians</emphasis>
Say
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9408544FC64EF030DFBF99B" box="[924,1009,1625,1650]" name="Mexico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Mexico</collectingCountry>
were destroyed, and it is appropriate that we designate a
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FE77EF240FE2F97F" box="[399,488,1662,1686]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
to promote accurate identification of this species and to stabilize the species nomenclature. The
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FE8BEFF80FC6F953" box="[371,460,1698,1722]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is labeled “
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FDABEFFB0CECF950" box="[595,742,1697,1721]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">CHAPINGO</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FD08EFF80D38F950" box="[752,818,1698,1721]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13631" name="Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de M<>xico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9408544FD08EFF80D38F950" box="[752,818,1698,1721]" name="Mexico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MEX</collectingCountry>
</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9408544FCC5EFFB0DA5F950" box="[829,943,1697,1721]" name="Mexico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
.
<date id="7F71104BE9408544FC43EFFB0A07F953" box="[955,1037,1697,1722]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1957-10-07">X-7-57</date>
[
<date id="7F71104BE9408544FBE5EFF80AABF953" box="[1053,1185,1697,1722]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1957-10-07">7 Oct 1957</date>
; date handwritten]/En patio [handwritten]/Wm. W. Gibson Collector/
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FD46EF9F0D05F937" box="[702,783,1733,1758]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USNM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FCE4EF9C0D58F934" box="[796,850,1734,1757]" country="Uganda" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" name="Ministry of Natural Resources" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ENT</collectionCode>
0 0 118304 [plastic bar code label]/
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FB0FEF9F0B73F937" box="[1271,1401,1733,1758]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FF6FEFB30F78F8E8" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[151,370,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FF6FEFB30F34F8EB" box="[151,318,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ephydra hians</emphasis>
Say
</taxonomicName>
, designated by Mathis &amp; Marinoni
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FCE9EFB30D68F8E8" box="[785,866,1769,1793]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USNM</collectionCode>
[red].” The
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FC0DEFB00A44F8EB" box="[1013,1102,1770,1794]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is pinned directly, is in very good condition, and is deposited in the
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FDB7EE540CA9F8CF" box="[591,675,1806,1830]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FEE6B0A6DF8A3" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" box="[199,1127,1841,1866]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
The
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FF01EE6B0F51F8A3" box="[249,347,1841,1866]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FE46EE6B0CE7F8A0" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[446,749,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassimana">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FE46EE6B0CACF8A0" box="[446,678,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ephydra crassimana</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
(HT ♂,
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9408544FCB5EE6B0D86F8A0" box="[845,908,1841,1865]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MCZ</collectionCode>
) is from “
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9408544FC04EE6B0A53F8A3" box="[1020,1113,1841,1866]" name="Mexico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FEE0F0FB5F87B" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
The primary
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FEA2EE0C0F92F887" box="[346,408,1878,1902]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">types</typeStatus>
,
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FE5CEE0C0FF1F887" box="[420,507,1878,1902]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
larvae and puparia, of
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FD07EE0F0A49F887" authority="Packard" authorityName="Packard" box="[767,1091,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FD07EE0F0DE8F887" box="[767,994,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ephydra californica</emphasis>
Packard
</taxonomicName>
have probably been destroyed or of unknown depository.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9408544FF3FEEC70C7BF833" blockId="81.[151,1437,1121,2010]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
The
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9408544FF04EEC40F54F85F" box="[252,350,1950,1974]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
males of
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9408544FE2CEEC70CF4F85F" authority="Williston" authorityName="Williston" box="[468,766,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsata">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9408544FE2CEEC70C87F85C" box="[468,653,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ephydra tarsata</emphasis>
Williston
</taxonomicName>
(ST ♂, KU (684)) are from the
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9408544FB83EEC70B1CF85F" box="[1147,1302,1949,1974]" name="United States of America" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">United States</collectingCountry>
. California. Inyo: Owens Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9408544FE7DEE9B0FEFF830" box="[389,485,1985,2009]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="39.8">39°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9408544FE08EE9B0C6EF833" box="[496,612,1985,2010]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="-116.8">116°48'W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF3FE9CD0DAEFF59" blockId="82.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,932,151,176]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF3FE9CD0F6FFF59" bold="true" box="[199,357,151,176]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<typeStatus id="D4748829E9438547FF3FE9CD0F08FF59" box="[199,258,151,176]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FE94E9CD0FCFFF59" box="[364,453,151,176]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FE37E9CD0C23FF59" box="[463,553,151,176]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">México</collectingCountry>
: Chapingo (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FD48E9C20D2FFF59" box="[688,805,152,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="19.488333">19°29.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FCC8E9CD0D9DFF59" box="[816,919,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="925" value="-98.9">98°54'W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF3FE9E60D2DFEA9" blockId="82.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF3FE9E60C1DFF3C" bold="true" box="[199,535,188,213]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FDDAE9E70D6AFF3C" box="[546,864,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FDDAE9E70C85FF3D" box="[546,655,189,212]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
. Distrito Federal:
</emphasis>
I. Conradt (2♀;
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9438547FBD2E9E60A8AFF3D" box="[1066,1152,188,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">USNM</collectionCode>
); San Ángel (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FADBE9E60B92FF3D" box="[1315,1432,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="19.348333">19°20.9'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FF6FE9850F18FF11" box="[151,274,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="-99.19334">99°11.6'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="7F71104BE9438547FEDCE9BA0F9FFF11" box="[292,405,224,248]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1923-08">Aug 1923</date>
, E. Smyth (1♀;
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9438547FDB1E9BA0C95FF11" box="[585,671,224,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FD48E9BA0D35FF1E" box="[688,831,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Guanajuato:</emphasis>
Guanajuato (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FC2EE9BA0A3CFF11" box="[982,1078,224,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="925" value="21.016666">21°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FBB8E9850ABEFF11" box="[1088,1204,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="925" value="-101.25">101°15'W</geoCoordinate>
), A. Dugés (
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9438547FABAE9BA0B6CFF11" box="[1346,1382,224,248]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 5♀;
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9438547FF6FE85E0EE7FEF5" box="[151,237,260,284]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF06E85F0F50FEF5" box="[254,346,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FF06E85F0F59FEF5" box="[254,339,261,284]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">México</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Chapingo (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FE24E85E0C5BFEF5" box="[476,593,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="19.488333">19°29.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FDA4E85E0CC8FEF4" box="[604,706,260,285]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="925" value="-98.9">98°54'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="7F71104BE9438547FD2DE85F0D54FEF4" box="[725,862,260,285]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1957-05-07">7 May 1957</date>
, W. W. Gibson (
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9438547FBEBE85E0A32FEF4" box="[1043,1080,260,285]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀;
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9438547FB8DE85E0AC1FEF5" box="[1141,1227,260,284]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">USNM</collectionCode>
); Lago de Texcoco (
<geoCoordinate id="6EFB504CE9438547FF67E8720EF5FEA9" box="[159,255,296,320]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="925" value="19.5">19°30'N</geoCoordinate>
, 99°W),
<date id="7F71104BE9438547FE9CE8720FFBFEA9" box="[356,497,295,320]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1963-10-13">13 Oct 1963</date>
, B. Krogstad (
<specimenCount id="1DC9FD02E9438547FD6BE8720CB3FEA9" box="[659,697,296,320]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="6DDEAE4EE9438547FD3EE8720D16FEA9" box="[710,796,296,320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43D56500E9438547FF3FE8160CAAFA42" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF3FE8160CBBFE44" blockId="82.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF3FE8160F53FE8C" bold="true" box="[199,345,332,357]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Distribution</emphasis>
(Map 25).
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FE22E8170C48FE8D" box="[474,578,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Nearctic:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FDB2E8160C94FE8C" box="[586,670,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Canada</collectingCountry>
(British
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FCFCE8160D7FFE8C" box="[772,885,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Columbia</collectingCountry>
, Manitoba),
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FBFDE8160A91FE8D" box="[1029,1179,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">United States</collectingCountry>
(California, Colorado, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FDC1E8350C9BFE61" box="[569,657,367,392]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming).
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FAF6E8350B96FE61" box="[1294,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Neotropical:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FF6FE8CE0EE6FE44" box="[151,236,404,429]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Distrito Federal, Guanajuato,
<collectingCountry id="73D8761BE9438547FDB2E8CE0CAFFE44" box="[586,677,404,429]" name="Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">México</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF6FECCF0CAAFA42" blockId="82.[151,672,1429,1451]" box="[151,672,1429,1451]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF6FECCF0EFDFA43" bold="true" box="[151,247,1429,1450]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MAP 25.</emphasis>
Distribution map for
<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FE2BECCF0C97FA42" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[467,669,1429,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hians">
<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FE2BECCF0C56FA42" box="[467,604,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cirrula hians</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>