167 lines
17 KiB
XML
167 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="D3C7A2DF42B3F3DD9FCBF903E620CBFA" ID-CLB-Dataset="38982" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464331980959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="8366879DE9438546FF6FECAC0ACAFDFE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4116.1..pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dimecoenia Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="7F5FFFE5E9118515FFF8E95A0E0AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1698630767650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="17BAF9D261E61B8364F2FE6CE1D2A3F2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BCF3035BCDAE100E9B976F095002C567">
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<mods:title id="ACA7E859B218C1E6CD997C7B9D8EFFC0">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F7F1625F4534D3EC044C2D36FECA364">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4087D765F7923609543C0452E986A206" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C85629E38378AA7B11ED476E50F2BFC2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="56A3FE97C10A2E8CE401999AC3CF8B8F">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="904E29549D91DE1F1992CAC1F4749523">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1542A6E9A6F8B5AA554685EE04F4B433">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="66FD609A78F0634317130CA9D5BEEBF9">
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<mods:date id="6263AF9C32B5D9677057712FEB318B44">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5E1E56B6883EE157F99D2E025030EC1F">4116</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="866F207803CA33F481B9A19A84E3623F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8366879DE9438546FF6FECAC0ACAFDFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6074138" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6074138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366879DE9438546FF6FECAC0ACAFDFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366879DE9438546FF6FECAC0ACAFDFE" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9438547FF6FECAC0FE1F9F9" box="[151,491,1526,1552]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF6FECAC0FE1F9F9" blockId="82.[151,491,1526,1552]" box="[151,491,1526,1552]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<heading id="503881E7E9438547FF6FECAC0FE1F9F9" bold="true" box="[151,491,1526,1552]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF6FECAC0FE1F9F9" bold="true" box="[151,491,1526,1552]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FF16ECAC0FE1F9F9" ID-CoL="45JR" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[238,491,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF16ECAC0F75F9F9" bold="true" box="[238,383,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Dimecoenia</emphasis>
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Cresson
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9438547FF6FEF640B3EF946" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF6FEF640B3EF946" blockId="82.[151,1436,1597,1711]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E9438547FF6FEF640B3EF946" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FF6FEF640FDFF9BA" ID-CoL="45JR" authority="Cresson 1916: 152" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,469,1597,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF6FEF640F18F9BA" box="[151,274,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Dimecoenia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FEEFEF670FDFF9BA" author="Cresson" box="[279,469,1597,1619]" page="152" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FEEFEF670FAFF9BA" author="Cresson" box="[279,421,1597,1619]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Cresson, E. T, Jr. (1916) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. - III. Entomological News, 27 (4), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1916">Cresson 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 152
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="D4748829E9438547FE19EF640C05F9BA" box="[481,527,1598,1619]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FD94EF640D40F9BA" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[620,842,1598,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Coenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FD94EF640D03F9BA" box="[620,777,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coenia spinosa</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FB9AEF670EE7F99B" author="Sturtevant" page="166" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FB9AEF670B93F9BA" author="Sturtevant" box="[1122,1433,1597,1619]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. & Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 166
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</treatmentCitation>
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[review, in part].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FE41EF060CD2F99B" author="Wirth" box="[441,728,1628,1650]" page="472" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FE41EF060CAFF99B" author="Wirth" box="[441,677,1628,1650]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 372 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 472
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</treatmentCitation>
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[review in part, species of California].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FB7EEF060B3FF99B" author="Wirth" box="[1158,1333,1628,1650]" page="755" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FB7EEF060B08F99B" author="Wirth" box="[1158,1282,1628,1650]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 755
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</treatmentCitation>
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[Nearctic catalog].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FECDEF200FF6F979" author="Steyskal" box="[309,508,1658,1680]" page="462" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FECDEF200FC0F979" author="Steyskal" box="[309,458,1658,1680]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1970) The species of the genus Dimecoenia (Diptera: Ephydridae) in America north of Panama, with the description of a new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63 (2), 462 - 465. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 63.2.462" type="journal article" year="1970">Steyskal 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 462
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</treatmentCitation>
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-465 [review in part, Figs. of male and female terminalia].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FB9FEF200B91F979" author="Mathis" box="[1127,1435,1658,1680]" page="29" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FB9FEF200B72F979" author="Mathis" box="[1127,1400,1658,1680]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Simpson, K. W. (1981) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), V: The genera Cirrula Cresson and Dimecoenia Cresson in North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 329, 1 - 51 + i - iv." type="journal article" year="1981">Mathis and Simpson 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 29
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</treatmentCitation>
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[revision of North American species, natural history].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9438547FD05EFC30A57F946" author="Mathis" box="[765,1117,1689,1711]" page="238" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9438547FD05EFC30A27F946" author="Mathis" box="[765,1069,1689,1711]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 238
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</treatmentCitation>
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-240 [world catalog].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9438547FF6FEF810CFCF819" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF6FEF810D8DF8D5" blockId="82.[151,1437,1755,2032]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF6FEF810F1BF91D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1755,1780]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FEE1EF870FAAF91D" box="[281,416,1757,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FEE1EF870FAAF91D" box="[281,416,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Dimecoenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other genera of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9438547FC4EEF810A2CF91D" box="[950,1062,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: Moderately large to large shore flies, body length
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<quantity id="CC379B6EE9438547FC9EEFA50A05F8FE" box="[870,1039,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.25" metricValueMin="4.25" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.25" valueMin="4.25">4.25–6.25 mm</quantity>
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; mostly dull, olivaceous brown to grayish brown, dorsum with some subshiny to shiny areas dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9438547FF3FEE1D0CFCF819" blockId="82.[151,1437,1755,2032]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9438547FF3FEE1D0F07F889" box="[199,269,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Head:</emphasis>
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Cruciate interfrontal setae 1 pair, well developed; lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae 2, slightly divergent. Basal flagellomere simple, lacking secondary seta inserted laterally just below arista; arista tapered gradually from thickened base to style-like apex, approximately basal 2/3 with dorsal rays, thereafter bare, aristal rays nearly as long as width of pedicel. Facial hump poorly developed, little evident; ventral margin of antennal grooves nearly horizontal, not sloping ventrally at conspicuous angle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9428546FF3FE9CD0DF3FEF5" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9428546FF3FE9CD0B50FF3C" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FF3FE9CD0F2BFF59" box="[199,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Postpronotum bare of setae; dorsocentral setae 5 (1+4). Dorsal costagial seta subequal in length to anteroventral costagial seta; costa with numerous, conspicuous, spine-like setulae; legs of both sexes similar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9428546FF3FE9850B85FF11" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1423,223,248]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FF3FE9850F30FF11" box="[199,314,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Male terminalia: Aedeagus a simple tube or bifurcate. Female ventral receptacle variously shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9428546FF3FE85F0DF3FEF5" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1017,260,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FF3FE85F0F19FEF5" box="[199,275,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Larva:</emphasis>
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larvae lacking well-developed prolegs on segments other than 12.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9428546FF3FE87D0ACAFDFE" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9428546FF3FE87D0C18FE44" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FF3FE87D0F6AFEA9" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</emphasis>
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As characterized here,
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9428546FD9EE87D0CE7FEA9" box="[614,749,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimecoenia</taxonomicName>
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now includes just two species,
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9428546FBB5E8730B40FEA9" authority="Steyskal" authorityName="Steyskal" box="[1101,1354,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscifemur">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FBB5E8730AEFFEA9" box="[1101,1253,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">D. fuscifemur</emphasis>
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Steyskal
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9428546FA79E8730F40FE8D" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Coenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9428546FA79E8730EE7FE8D" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">D. spinosa</emphasis>
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(Loew)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The monophyly of the genus is established by the following apotypic characters: 1. The anterior margin bears conspicuous, spine-like setae; 2. Margin of ventral margin of antennal groves rounded, nearly horizontal and not steeply angled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9428546FF3FE8E20ACAFDFE" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9428546FEBBE8ED0FC0FE39" box="[323,458,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimecoenia</taxonomicName>
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represent an apparent reversal in the generalized adaptive scheme of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9428546FAFDE8ED0B7FFE39" box="[1285,1397,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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by inhabiting mud substrates of salt marshes. This has apparently resulted in the atrophy of the prominent, ventral prolegs, including the crochets, which are functionally adapted to movement within algal mats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |