161 lines
17 KiB
XML
161 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="64D6EE07020E30631F9B9C7C7DEF9D42" ID-CLB-Dataset="38982" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464331980959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="8366879DE9078502FF6FEF940CBCFCB4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4116.1..pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paracoenia Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="7F5FFFE5E9118515FFF8E95A0E0AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698630767650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="49E2D89052D33DDD062CA9BAB58EDEA6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2AF19ADDA51FDC17660016E2C9DECF26">
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<mods:title id="DE3F5EC7E7558DEF304720DBEAB7D1A9">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C394E7573E990934AF1E2D840606D53F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="941028F1637C18F65D37D75D1B94065C">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3A583DDB6AAE59C848AF2007758857CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3481A85822438627E7FE3C3092EDBD6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8969F95FDD6E2D40AD4A457B6F356D4F">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2E2DA0BAE25264F778FF69FEFB1DD118">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="83F907F5F587626B77463C047F8A29BA">
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<mods:title id="F25BCB2494329980A8947688871F2566">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BB36899FB0EC22002D647DF945CE8B4F">
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<mods:date id="689781F0FA51B9D060F00660BD5A9D75">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="753A69B743B9D5674DB4FA24AD0818E3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FA4B987BF7FCC60D13F95FACAFAEF722">4116</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="109F9B5A684460F8A462B1E99199283D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="82683D3B76D240B610268F7B23E843DE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="0982F985FC7C10406B312EDA09128BD4">110</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="A931146663ADF2E27BD36778D4FB078B" type="CLB-Dataset">38982</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="585833CA5A92E9D1E17BB202918E187A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="82D21920250622F7E84DE9B6FBF777C6" type="GBIF-Dataset">c41804b4-7a66-4a00-afc1-c7a31871329f</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8366879DE9078502FF6FEF940CBCFCB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6074060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6074060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8366879DE9078502FF6FEF940CBCFCB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8366879DE9078502FF6FEF940CBCFCB4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9078503FF6FEF940FEFF901" box="[151,485,1742,1768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9078503FF6FEF940FEFF901" blockId="22.[151,485,1742,1768]" box="[151,485,1742,1768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="503881E7E9078503FF6FEF940FEFF901" bold="true" box="[151,485,1742,1768]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FF6FEF940FEFF901" bold="true" box="[151,485,1742,1768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9078503FF16EF940FEFF901" ID-CoL="63J68" ID-ENA="1690382" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[238,485,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paracoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FF16EF940F73F901" bold="true" box="[238,377,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paracoenia</emphasis>
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Cresson
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9078503FF6FEE4C0F2AF881" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9078503FF6FEE4C0F2AF881" blockId="22.[151,1436,1813,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2BDF11A5E9078503FF6FEE4C0F2AF881" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9078503FF6FEE4C0FD0F8C2" ID-CoL="63J68" authority="Cresson 1935: 356" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,474,1813,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paracoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FF6FEE4C0F07F8C2" box="[151,269,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paracoenia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9078503FEEDEE4F0FD0F8C2" author="Cresson" box="[277,474,1813,1835]" page="356" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9078503FEEDEE4F0FAFF8C2" author="Cresson" box="[277,421,1813,1835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Cresson, E. T. Jr. (1935) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 61, 345 - 372." type="journal article" year="1935">Cresson 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 356
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="D4748829E9078503FE1DEE4C0C1DF8C2" box="[485,535,1814,1835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9078503FD80EE4C0DC2F8C2" ID-CoL="87YRM" authority="Coquillett 1902" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[632,968,1813,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Coenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisetosa">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FD80EE4C0D17F8C2" box="[632,797,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coenia bisetosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9078503FCDDEE4F0DC2F8C2" author="Coquillett" box="[805,968,1813,1835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1902) New Acalyptratae Diptera from North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 10 (4), 177 - 191." type="journal article" year="1902">Coquillett 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, original designation.—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9078503FB44EE4F0B62F8C2" author="Wirth" box="[1212,1384,1813,1835]" page="755" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9078503FB44EE4F0B3DF8C2" author="Wirth" box="[1212,1335,1813,1835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 755
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</treatmentCitation>
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–756 [Nearctic catalog].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9078503FE63EE6E0C4EF8A3" author="Mathis" box="[411,580,1844,1866]" page="65" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9078503FE63EE6E0C2BF8A3" author="Mathis" box="[411,545,1844,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Mathis, W. N. (1975) A systematic study of Coenia and Paracoenia (Diptera: Ephydridae). Great Basin Naturalist, 35 (1), 65 - 85." type="journal article" year="1975">Mathis 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 65
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</treatmentCitation>
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–85 [revision of Nearctic species].—
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<treatmentCitation id="8A6E109AE9078503FC43EE6E0B15F8A3" author="Mathis" box="[955,1311,1844,1866]" page="250" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5E4B7AE9078503FC43EE6E0AE4F8A3" author="Mathis" box="[955,1262,1844,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 250
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</treatmentCitation>
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–252 [world catalog].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9078502FF6FEECF0AD5FF46" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9078503FF6FEECF0F1FF81F" blockId="22.[151,1436,1941,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FF6FEECF0F1BF847" bold="true" box="[151,273,1941,1966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9078503FEE1EECC0F96F844" box="[281,412,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paracoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9078503FEE1EECC0F96F844" box="[281,412,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paracoenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other genera of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9078503FC4DEECF0A2FF847" box="[949,1061,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: Small to large shore flies, body length
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<quantity id="CC379B6EE9078503FD2EEEE00D74F838" box="[726,894,1978,2002]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="2.1">2.10–4.40 mm</quantity>
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; dark colored and often with subshiny, metallic reflections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9068502FF3FE9CD0AD5FF46" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,1247,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF3FE9CD0F07FF59" box="[199,269,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Head:</emphasis>
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Face projected, transversely arched; paravertical setae large, subequal to vertical setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9068502FF3FE9E60FF2FE44" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9068502FF3FE9E60F83FEA9" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF3FE9E60F2BFF3C" box="[199,289,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Postpronotal seta distinct, at least 1/2 as long as posterior notopleural seta; dorsocentral setae 5 (1+4); scutellum with dorsum convex; prosternite bare. R stem vein bearing 1–2 setulae above, inserted beyond transverse septum. Pulvilli well developed; hindcoxa with row of setae posteriorly along ventral margin; tarsal claws short and distinctly curved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9068502FF3FE8160FF2FE44" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF3FE8160F30FE8C" box="[199,314,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Male terminalia: Surstyli distinct as elongate, narrow, arm-like projections, projections oriented ventrally; a medial, triangular process between surstylar arms; gonite (sometimes called hypandrial process) well developed, sheathing aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D56500E9068502FF3FE8ED0CBCFCB4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="0B70368BE9068502FF3FE8ED0CBCFCB4" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF3FE8ED0F46FE39" bold="true" box="[199,332,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Discussion.</emphasis>
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The lineage comprising
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FD87E8E30D08FE39" box="[639,770,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paracoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FD87E8E30D08FE39" box="[639,770,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paracoenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and related genera is probably the sister group to the remaining taxa of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FE9CE8860FD2FE1C" box="[356,472,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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. This lineage plus the remaining taxa of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FC58E8860A19FE1C" box="[928,1043,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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, as here delimited, is characterized by the following character states (some have become modified secondarily): 1.
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FBC2E8A50B96FDF1" box="[1082,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Number of dorsocentral setae:</emphasis>
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Although other genera of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FD70EB7E0D03FDD4" box="[648,777,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ephydrinae">Ephydrinae</taxonomicName>
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sometimes have five pairs of dorsocentral setae (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FF6FEB130F7FFD89" authority="Mathis" authorityName="Mathis" box="[151,373,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Notiocoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF6FEB130F2AFD89" box="[151,288,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Notiocoenia</emphasis>
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Mathis
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FE54EB120C87FD89" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" box="[428,653,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Austrocoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FE54EB120C4AFDB6" box="[428,576,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Austrocoenia</emphasis>
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Wirth
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</taxonomicName>
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), the anterior pair (or pairs) is weakly developed. There are five welldeveloped pairs only in members of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FDCAEB360CA8FD6C" box="[562,674,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephydrini">Ephydrini</taxonomicName>
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(the anterior pair is presutural; specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="CCCF4D08E9068502FB5AEB360B6AFD6D" box="[1186,1376,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cirrula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FB5AEB360B6AFD6D" box="[1186,1376,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cirrula gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have the anterior four pairs of dorsocentral setae weakly developed, a condition we interpret to be secondary). 2.
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FF6FEBEE0C29FD25" box="[151,547,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Development of intrapostalar seta:</emphasis>
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In most species of the family, the intrapostalar seta is either lacking or is very much reduced, less than one-half the length of the postalar seta. In members of this lineage, the intrapostalar seta is frequently as long. 3.
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<emphasis id="39BBEA99E9068502FE73EBA60CF3FCFD" box="[395,761,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Setal vestiture of proepisternum:</emphasis>
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Throughout most of the family the proepisternum is bare of setae (although frequently it is thinly to densely microtomentose). In members of this lineage, there are numerous setulae that are generally conspicuously evident.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |