157 lines
22 KiB
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157 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="79AC91D5B3290C01E972090A29EC29E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="34732" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6112" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a76ffd6-10b9-4cce-90e7-2af7d44be581" ID-PMC="PMC4768281" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-558-77" ID-PubMed="27006596" ID-ZooBank="7D34EFCEC6ED45BFACFC2E251F21919C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-558-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 558" ModsDocTitle="Review of Afraustraloderesrassei Bouyer, 2012: description of its female and a new species of Pixodarus Fairmaire, 1887 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)" checkinTime="1454379970214" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bjornstad, Anders, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth & Perissinotto, Renzo" docDate="2016" docId="7F54D45E8B2623B6C74D5609F189A60D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 558: 77-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 558" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6112" docTitle="Afraustraloderes rassei Bouyer 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="063BFFD1FFEEFFD0505AFFBFFFD8FFE1" masterDocTitle="Review of Afraustraloderesrassei Bouyer, 2012: description of its female and a new species of Pixodarus Fairmaire, 1887 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1701375764587" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6921941E18A26E1A0DABDE48307C70F4">Review of Afraustraloderesrassei Bouyer, 2012: description of its female and a new species of Pixodarus Fairmaire, 1887 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3B66DF0D79CCD2E51EE4E7122B510B7">Bjornstad, Anders</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E696959E833712D1AD7A3A16235756C0">Grobbelaar, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED7827CE9A7833A9D891C8506B72F386">Perissinotto, Renzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E960EEB49A712636F7D80F2AF35C1E2F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C65BB5751C6B0A8AF8CF5351D9B9E2A3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="318E68930C69E84A500B45AB8159A7BB">558</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="49C1A3965B4B165FAC488F56B60CC23D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6112</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="5EF6A1458A6199DB207B91D118D458EE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.6112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7F54D45E8B2623B6C74D5609F189A60D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127879990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F54D45E8B2623B6C74D5609F189A60D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F54D45E8B2623B6C74D5609F189A60D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="168983331C17F96D551F18849B47A45F" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="0C2C2C91347F1AFD54DE9594221906CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Cerambycidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="404168C00475C1C64034AAABE920D9BB" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FD3AFD8FA4613A491009375438B74D28" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="0EAE71543BF59DCB4FE98974F9ADB75B" ID-CoL="65DDR" authority="Bouyer, 2012" authorityName="Bouyer" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei Bouyer, 2012</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEEE1D8F120F0D83BD9C3B099D402C2" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="78746FEE6323E0EAEC6BDC78B8945B65" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="18E4E56545836AAF758563C3472809AD" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei</taxonomicName>
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Bouyer, 2012: 214
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1EECC4B0B95207EB2DA393A47033AC69" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6542EDC4993F1067585AB690750ABAA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A10420CF0EEEF746DDF98F1B47411A5" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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Paratypes: 1♂ RSA, ECA, Joubertina (
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<geoCoordinate id="96DDDE87837E3EC94D84704790C59B6E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.886112">33°53'10" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CBF707B0693EF73E259F428E9D8E5BFF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="23.838333">23°50'18" E</geoCoordinate>
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), 18 Dec 2009, M Villet and R Smith leg (RPPC); 1♂, same locality, but 25 Dec 2010, R Perissinotto and L Clennell (TBPC). Other material: 1♂, same locality as paratype, but Oct 2010, found dead on the ground, Rodger Smith leg (RPPC); 1♀, same locality, but 28 Dec 2014, found dead inside dead
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<taxonomicName id="4F02911AFBEB30410D72D5AA414365F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Protea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Protea" order="Proteales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Protea</taxonomicName>
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log, R Perissinotto and L Clennell (RPPC); 5♂ 1♀, same locality, bur reared from larvae in Port Elizabeth, adults emerged 23 Dec 2014-7 Jan 2015 (ABPC, NDPC, NHMO, RPPC, SANC, TGPC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68549200E71467C22C6A6C1B9E998B60" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="description of the female">
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<paragraph id="E8D278C7D8267328BA19BE594A71D948" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Description of the female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A6C31BF260C70C1EFEBF2B2D835A682" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Size. 29.6-31.5 mm long including pygidium, 11.5-12.2 mm wide (maximum width at metacoxae).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B434B87DF3BD0C28106BE349793F3B4" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Head. Mandibles relatively short and broad with foveolate base, distal part short, shiny and weakly arcuate with pointed apex, cutting edge with a small tooth near base; maxillary and labial palpi with terminal segments terete and slightly truncate at apex; galeae much shorter than palpi and covered in rufous bristles; clypeus with long stiff rusty brown bristles directed anteriorly; frons very uneven; antennal tubercles moderately raised, with strongly uneven, deeply sculptured surface; eyes small, finely facetted with deep emargination dividing each eye into subequal lobes, with lower lobe almost reaching gula; vertex strongly uneven and deeply sculpted, with poorly defined median depression.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B6B5D32FFDE4BF4ED5B0C3C3166C04C" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Antenna. Short and slender, only reaching slightly beyond humeri of elytra; with scape as longest antennomere, finely punctate with a narrow base gradually widening distally and ending in apical spine on posterior margin; antennomeres 2-10 with circular cross-section, exhibiting narrow base but widened apically; 11th antennomere slightly compressed; pedicel very short, 3rd antennomere almost as long as scape, antennomeres 4-11 subequal in length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C2FC0A24B1ED35964718523BD2C480F6" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<pageBreakToken id="181CF90208805DA07288A51A85D25CE7" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
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. Distinctly transverse, with disc deeply sculpted by irregular reticulations and foveolations; two strongly uneven, raised areas with smooth and shiny surface present about halfway between anterior and posterior margin; anterior margin with fringe of short, black setae curled around base of head, but slightly longer and straight on either side of head, without forming a marked
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<normalizedToken id="1BEDAAEB3F2212ACD3AE2256FCEAF9D4" originalValue="‘brush’">'brush'</normalizedToken>
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; lateral margins with many (15-20) short teeth, foremost tooth much stronger than others and directed forwards, last tooth on each side, near posterior corner, much larger and sharper than the rest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A01AABC6B4F405565701D228D348EF7" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Scutellum. Broadly tongue-shaped to triangular, with finely reticulate surface.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5DB5EA32766802A2AD55582D7468792" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Elytron. Shallowly reticulate basally, sculpture becoming less distinct towards rounded apices; humeri smoothly rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FAC07099DA14E701B03D146BDDFBAC7F" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Legs. Short and slender; femora only slightly thickened at middle, hardly projecting beyond lateral borders of elytra; tibiae nearly straight, only slightly curved in basal part; tarsi with first tarsomere slightly longer than others, noticeably so in metatarsi.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="317FDE50AB046BB7A16368B58879D376" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Pygidium. Tergite 8 long, protruding beyond elytral apices.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED75E0A48A94F907D75DCA22E364D490" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Ventral surface. Base of maxilla punctate and shiny; submentum transversely ridged; gula glabrous, deeply punctate/reticulate/foveolate, but posterior part raised, exhibiting black bristles and less sculpture; prosternum shiny, transversally strongly convex, punctate, glabrous and with ligulate prosternal process bent dorsally at apex; proepimeron only weakly punctate, glabrous, not reaching prosternal process (i.e. procoxal cavities open); mesosternum punctate and with longitudinal median furrow, with soft black pubescence, exhibiting mesial depression just in front of mesocoxae; mesosternal process short, strongly excavate, resulting in bifurcate apex; mesocoxae moderately raised; metasternum transversally strongly convex, with median furrow increasing in depth posteriorly; whole metasternum and mesepisterna covered by soft, sparse blackish pubescence; metathoracic episterna posteriorly narrowed and truncate; all five visible abdominal sternites subequal in length, densely, but shallowly punctate, glabrous in median part, increasingly pubescent laterally with very short and soft whitish bristles; last visible sternite with evenly rounded posterior margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB47C601E959F2C3203B0935C4DDD185" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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Ovipositor. Abdominal segments 8 + 9 (Figure 3A) are fully extended, and together measure 6 mm. They telescope into segment 7 when retracted (
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<bibRefCitation id="129A7AE39DDBB65A640F1B95B1370EC1" author="Hutcheson, JA" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" pagination="417 - 424" title="Arhopalusferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): structure and function of the female reproductive system." url="10.1080/03014223.1980.10423795" volume="7" year="1980">Hutcheson 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). Figure 3B shows an enlarged photo of the apical portion of the ovipositor with coxites and styli. The strong sclerotization is consistent with an ovipositor characteristic of
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<taxonomicName id="AFBE6D67ED8093BD6C79120A95627B4F" family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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that lay their eggs beneath bark, and is typical of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="6DACC6E5B231DFA0DF7504EF224612E0" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Prioninae">Prioninae</taxonomicName>
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, as opposed to the unsclerotized ovipositors of
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<taxonomicName id="08FBF58E694F358D5CEDA597A1DBF799" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Cerambycinae">Cerambycinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0AA3681850765364A62EB9E07452F008" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Lepturinae">Lepturinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ED95F8DD927B3B608A426F0FEC8868C6" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Lamiinae">Lamiinae</taxonomicName>
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(cf. e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="18A292CFB601EEB17315E40C45CB284C" author="Hubweber, L" journalOrPublisher="Genetica" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" pagination="37 - 43" title="Differences in genitalia structure and function between subfamilies of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)." url="10.1007/s10709-009-9403-x" volume="2010" year="2010">Hubweber and Schmitt 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 40 Fig. 2).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B207419A39D235B70FC2835F629D406C" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<paragraph id="1567DB7718FB7D14CFA1589A46A7F7D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="B98A1514C46765A6242897C790B41E17" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei</taxonomicName>
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♀ A ovipositor in dorsal view (length segment 8+9: 6 mm) B apical section of ovipositor enlarged (Photos: Anders
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<normalizedToken id="C0559D46C2454050A46ED47A81AC2F39" originalValue="Bjørnstad">Bjornstad</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4D05D2CE89F86365411582149D4DA17F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="8F1A3BE8CB2CBE08612E30F0A8915A3D" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D4EB13F965A55FF1EB309D8677B716E" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Sexual dimorphism. The morphological differences between the sexes are largely confined to the anterior parts of the thoracic segments. The most noticeable difference lies in the appearance and structure of the pronotum. Although the outline is quite similar in both male and female. The pronotal disc of the male has an even, matte surface, while that of the female has a very irregular lustrous surface (Figure 2A). The male pronotum is mostly shallowly irrorate or punctate, with three deep depressions: two large lateral ones, elliptic in outline; and a smaller dot-like pit medially (Figure 1A). Conversely, the female pronotum is heavily and deeply sculptured, with two irregular smooth and raised areas in about the same position as the elliptic depressions of the male (Figure 2A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58DAEB06DF915B69F19A2BE0F40A8F01" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken id="C30114DE3107CB33E0CC1850C2A3419C" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" start="start">Ventrally</pageBreakToken>
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the male prosternum and proepimera have a relatively smooth surface, with only a shallow microstructure giving a matte appearance (Figure 1B), while the same parts in the female are strongly punctate and shiny (Figure 2B). The punctate prosternal process of the female is wider than the corresponding finely sculptured process of the male. Sexual dimorphism is also clearly expressed in the shape and structure of the mesosternum: where the female has a shiny mesial concavity anterior to the mesocoxae (Figure 2B), the male has a matte and finely punctate convexity with a low irregular, shiny median ridge (Figure 1B). The anterior border of the mesosternum, hidden beneath the prosternal process, is shallowly excavate in the female, but bluntly convex in the male. The bifurcate mesosternal process is quite prominent in the female, but much less so in the male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0BF050D6A49D1DDA02D4CC71742C8EA" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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As usual, the visible abdominal sternites are transversally more convex in the female than in the male (Figures 2A and 2B). Also, the pygidium is long and protruding in the female, but hardly visible in dorsal view in the male. The posterior border of the ultimate visible sternite is evenly rounded in the female, but weakly truncate in the male. Finally, unlike in most other
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<taxonomicName id="B46CECC4F0A6A48D7F18E4ED5E594CB6" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Prioninae">Prioninae</taxonomicName>
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there is very little difference in the shape and length of the female and male antennae (Figures 1A and 1B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95254775396F28BE94586C57772CDE40" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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Male genitalia.
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<bibRefCitation id="97A8F9252BA20E3F5F638684E3D2AC07" author="Bouyer, T" journalOrPublisher="Lambillionea" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" pagination="213 - 217" title="Description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece d'Hopliderini d'Afrique du Sud (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)." volume="112" year="2012">Bouyer (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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in his original description of
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<taxonomicName id="E7F31FE613B3663FD38422A7346FAE6F" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei</taxonomicName>
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pictured the male genitalia with lateral and dorsal views of the tegmen and
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<normalizedToken id="A0A065E61766CDBB0E02B269277954A6" originalValue="‘penis’">'penis'</normalizedToken>
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(median lobe), including the two sclerotized plates of the internal sac. The accompanying description was, however, very brief and limited in detail. A more comprehensive description is hereby given. Median lobe 4 mm long, strongly arcuate with apophyses (median struts, paired lamellae) rather short, constituting only c. 35% of total length of median lobe (Figure 4A); apophyses weakly sclerotized, becoming nearly transparent towards their truncate apices; ventral plate (ventral lobe of median lobe or "ventral edge of the median orifice" sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="CECA9DAEF458C5B9A4FFBCA361336FD9" author="Ehara, S" journalOrPublisher="VI Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" pagination="61 - 115" title="Comparative anatomy of male genitalia in some Cerambycid beetles. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Ser." volume="12" year="1954">Ehara 1954</bibRefCitation>
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) very long with a sharply pointed apex, length surpassing the bilobed dorsal plate; ventral plate strongly sclerotized, dorsal plate much less so; median foramen not elongate; tegmen 4 mm long, strongly sclerotized (black almost throughout); parameres quite long, constituting one third of total tegmen length; apical brush with setae much shorter than parameres; ringed part gradually curved, not geniculate, arms converging (Figure 4B). The shape and structure of the anal tergite has in some studies proven to be of great diagnostic value (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="F16044BCB4A650805E7571F73D1D6536" author="Adlbauer, K" editor="Ebermann, E" journalOrPublisher="Biosystematics and Ecology Series" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" pagination="333 - 363" title="Revision der Gattung Taurotagus Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycini)." volume="14" volumeTitle="Arthropod Biology: Contributions to Morphology, Ecology and Systematics." year="1998">Adlbauer 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). The anal tergite of the male
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<taxonomicName id="529F51F9DCD46E753E49869CDCC58C94" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 4C) is black, about 1.5 times wider than long, moderately vaulted and with a truncate, but not emarginate, posterior border. The tergite is provided with a dense cover of black, short, stiff, very acute setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="228AD34A7375803BE2ED582009361E10" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph id="14D295025D4800A19DA73375C752A6E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F935A99820FE51398EBB0CD02E7282BB" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Afraustraloderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afraustraloderes rassei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rassei">Afraustraloderes rassei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia A median lobe, apex of ventral (above) + dorsal (below) plates, semi-lateral view B tegmen, ventral view C anal tergite, dorsal view (Photos: Anders
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D201806FA9FD5EC9D36505AC84D20C38" originalValue="Bjørnstad">Bjornstad</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |