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<document id="2E7FD060B80B51E50E6C746924C90D9C" ID-CLB-Dataset="26624" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.33944" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aae6d6bf-f424-4c8d-92ba-562185c0cfc0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-3-121" ID-ZooBank="F242A4EA12CF4F7390A54CBACF71FD10" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="2535-0889-3-121" ModsDocOrigin="Alpine Entomology 3" ModsDocTitle="Review of the endemic New Zealand genus Arctesthes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae), with descriptions of two new range-restricted species" checkinTime="1559196978224" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Patrick, Brian H., Patrick, Hamish J. H. &amp; Hoare, Robert J. B." docDate="2019" docId="7BFD2A5FC4E64B81C5B6EC1F962498E7" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 3: 121-136" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.33944" docTitle="Arctesthes Meyrick 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FFF3FFBB6330FFF07433B72F2C59FFF9" masterDocTitle="Review of the endemic New Zealand genus Arctesthes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae), with descriptions of two new range-restricted species" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1701384734390" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69DD31A1D24FD78FE67C98F47FE11F87">Review of the endemic New Zealand genus Arctesthes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae), with descriptions of two new range-restricted species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51E1A2354526EBA3F13F22D559EBAA08">Patrick, Brian H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE41288BCB378EA1E85ABC6B5E331C0A">Patrick, Hamish J. H.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7BFD2A5FC4E64B81C5B6EC1F962498E7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157322418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7BFD2A5FC4E64B81C5B6EC1F962498E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BFD2A5FC4E64B81C5B6EC1F962498E7" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="CB77F5E3A78C3EFD2E8B38C18DB71BAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D3CCF90583383A5BB4F2787B8AB46E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="3AB1582325CEABCDB13110D0C7ABA5AE" ID-CoL="922SN" authority="Meyrick, 1885" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes Meyrick, 1885</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="D583655C73F2B62D8F03812A7F92606F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9C9D52CF1E695BB09973FF3FB5AB340B" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="968AB9E498F1E726CDE79CADF1F8D492" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1885. New Zealand Journal of Science 2: 589. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="900AC483F2199855CA345401E661A3F4" family="Geometridae" genus="Stratonice" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stratonice" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">Stratonice</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1884 (Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 16: 64; unavailable, preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="443D4A037F1D1B3C67DB9BAD2494E6CD" family="Geometridae" genus="Stratonice" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stratonice" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">Stratonice</taxonomicName>
Malmgren, 1867 (
<taxonomicName id="D4246B31BC401B13ECC4A34C2882BCC9" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Annelida" rank="phylum">Annelida</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="601E480F329408911AA6F3FFBFBEA80D" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
)). Type species:
<taxonomicName id="BD877FF5AD3232B73DDF0BD3EBFA3541" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Fidonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fidonia catapyrrha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">Fidonia catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
Butler, 1877, by original monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBB58477E75712A7D7E5DAE241894065" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="5F8806FFE8322028573A612B40ABA7EA" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arcteuthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arcteuthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arcteuthes</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1888. Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 20: 47. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E022A9146DF42DFE870EB0232D64F99F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3201ED36814210AE594FC1D9CB089930" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686057667037FA24F0538AF5DF9830D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
Based on the redescription by
<bibRefCitation id="D6247CB4D3DDC28619563656E8540EC5" author="Craw, RC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="131 - 140" title="Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae; Larentiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654" volume="13" year="1986">Craw (1986)</bibRefCitation>
and on comparison of specimens and genitalia slides in NZAC,
<taxonomicName id="9983E788B19C45E1F2786A8511B26E5F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="0466D062FF2D7680E9B1A21CAA1C1ECF" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="3210B55DE88C691CF0D165D980AEBD82" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
by features of the male genitalia, as follows: in
<taxonomicName id="0155CE8E1D35F36998254E166933E4A7" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
the juxta is a single tongue-like plate; in
<taxonomicName id="D96CADDAEEB7917E1149D7D402D92A4D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
, the base plate is emarginate and separated from a posterior sclerite (the ventral manica pad of
<bibRefCitation id="3189E12977E8C0A250086224CCB44A6A" author="Craw, RC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="131 - 140" title="Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae; Larentiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654" volume="13" year="1986">Craw (1986)</bibRefCitation>
) by membrane; in
<taxonomicName id="3F15D723FB01EDFF763491AA3E8EA686" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
, the labides are short to moderately long and robust (very short in
<taxonomicName id="4269C4F46676B0CA592BC0817EC51173" lsidName="A. siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">A. siris</taxonomicName>
); in
<taxonomicName id="3D9D3B707D3A094E12536FE69A74388E" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
, they are usually long to very long and narrow; the costal sclerite of the valva in
<taxonomicName id="9FCE7D592070BA872EB35A007E2AA7A0" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
is small and smooth; in
<taxonomicName id="8DFF366347E6386FB00F327FD659A2EC" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
it is very large and strongly scobinate. The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="96FC81DC15FD51EF611DC689276114AA" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Notoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoreas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notoreas</taxonomicName>
are restricted to
<taxonomicName id="5AC6123394F33EA180BA5F3FF0D89F40" family="Thymelaeaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="family">Thymelaeaceae</taxonomicName>
as host-plants; known larvae of
<taxonomicName id="BA28BB2A0624619F8ABBA71FEA072F4C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
are more or less polyphagous on herbaceous plants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB5A58F65640394875CF8C7403635AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="028A6FBD8F3999CAA65AA185E0867F2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Redescription</paragraph>
<paragraph id="839394723686FC0EE654A0BCAD070C8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
(updated from
<bibRefCitation id="8AB73BBB845B20E1EA15991191DCE186" author="Craw, RC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="131 - 140" title="Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae; Larentiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654" volume="13" year="1986">Craw (1986)</bibRefCitation>
). Small diurnal larentiines with cryptic forewings and black and orange hindwings. Head: male antennae bipectinate, with pectinations 3
<normalizedToken id="A4383A5A6DA7D793941808CC41B4F0FB" originalValue="5×">-5x</normalizedToken>
width of flagellum; female antennae simple. Male abdominal segments 7-8 reduced; S7 with short, eversible pouch-like coremata. Male genitalia: uncus moderately short to rather long, narrow, digitate, curved; valva more or less oblong, with costa sclerotised for ca
<normalizedToken id="B0156F9BEEC939640FB9F5E289D52B90" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
valva length and more or less projecting beyond outline; sacculus ending in small weakly scobinate cushion-like (
<taxonomicName id="45A604445B00623FD6337514E22DFE73" lsidName="catapyrrha" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="059F2B075DBA1CCC31B973A479A87E3C" lsidName="siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">siris</taxonomicName>
) or large, curved, spinulose projection (
<taxonomicName id="5156D279C6FD7919E974B6043B620133" lsidName="titanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="titanica">titanica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0E10439FBA8AB1C0F90758A93ACF041A" lsidName="avatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="avatar">avatar</taxonomicName>
); juxta tongue-like; dorsal manica pad strongly scobinate / coarsely spinulose; phallobase tapering; vesica with 2-3 small spine-like cornuti only (
<taxonomicName id="FB15DBF4C9D46C60E309CB50F66FB82D" lsidName="catapyrrha" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
), with 3 spine-like cornuti and a comb-like group (
<taxonomicName id="894B7F916B38E46621E09E66BC3FFD31" lsidName="siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">siris</taxonomicName>
) or with 2 comb-like groups of cornuti (
<taxonomicName id="87D16858963A42D50D944D73D33B287E" lsidName="titanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="titanica">titanica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2597D21B04BAA314B6B18682E9D51907" lsidName="avatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="avatar">avatar</taxonomicName>
). Female genitalia: ovipositor lobes (papillae anales) forming compact
<normalizedToken id="941853025967B40EF00A2E52831BF8A3" originalValue="pad">'pad'</normalizedToken>
, strongly setose throughout; apophyses posteriores long and narrow; apophyses anteriores much shorter and more robust; S8 sclerite narrow, strap-like; ostium very narrow (
<taxonomicName id="C7FA03CB993644B2361C6E90496E1865" lsidName="catapyrrha" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="365C359C69FC6A36F1F162F04ED008E2" lsidName="siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">siris</taxonomicName>
) to very broad (
<taxonomicName id="9AC0D436F16864E55757B7B9A7AA607F" lsidName="titanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="titanica">titanica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D763A0D7E31D4D8F895FF32ED5097106" lsidName="avatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="avatar">avatar</taxonomicName>
); ductus bursae variable in sclerotisation and rugosity; ductus seminalis arising dorsally at ductus / corpus bursae junction; corpus bursae weakly membranous, more or less round, without signa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1552E842642EA5784DE062872D07D09" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B07F8D25616BD758AA7F89A63B01827D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50153C3074B5417B39450183C43619F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Endemic to the South Island of New Zealand.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E968D490359951236F6B0A41AD7966EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="922A6BE61F4C59241679C884053D5F1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05BA305F53E3DE3A1D17517C39B38E37" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
Adults diurnal. Known larvae (
<taxonomicName id="B6BED6F2770DA42B8FB44044012C61BA" lsidName="catapyrrha" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DC35FF0E5B669BE413567C1D6E0C7DFB" lsidName="siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">siris</taxonomicName>
) more or less polyphagous on low herbaceous plants in native and / or modified swards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3CB9C896D6706E8F7C767118D1DED11" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="33BA8BB719734A5B47DD0A104ECE0514" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA2BC97368006CE2DD4D6A3290552837" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<bibRefCitation id="3FB7F1BB8322F51F2F093C3BBCA8E8A4" author="Craw, RC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="131 - 140" title="Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae; Larentiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654" volume="13" year="1986">Craw (1986</bibRefCitation>
: 132) included the following characters in his redescription of
<taxonomicName id="450A09C51D38375404E4901344D898BD" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
: 'sacculus reduced, no free arm; apex a rounded, low mound...vesica with three cornuti...ostium a narrow circular opening...ductus bursae much longer than
<normalizedToken id="ED6C22243806D3FD4EE4CA5294795E9B" originalValue="wide">wide'</normalizedToken>
. These have been revised in the description above following the discovery of
<taxonomicName id="F5C1B08D9865FF631C1EA52A826F150E" lsidName="A. titanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="titanica">A. titanica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BDD5B4E7BC0C7CBE3886A62A0D8C41D6" lsidName="A. avatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="avatar">A. avatar</taxonomicName>
. Males of both new species have a large free arm of the sacculus, and a pair of comb-like groups of cornuti in the vesica; females of both have a very broad ostium and a ductus bursae that is wider than long.
<bibRefCitation id="59BAE4D7559F5CEAA8BA2D9B30764399" author="Craw, RC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="131 - 140" title="Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae; Larentiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654" volume="13" year="1986">Craw (1986)</bibRefCitation>
also overlooked the presence in
<taxonomicName id="E4351C8DCDF4D0B8C01473B6E88D7773" lsidName="A. siris" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="siris">A. siris</taxonomicName>
of a set of close-set comb-like cornuti in the vesica; only
<taxonomicName id="20EE027E056CEE4A54EB8A6FA14A0F89" lsidName="A. catapyrrha" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="catapyrrha">A. catapyrrha</taxonomicName>
has the cornuti reduced to 2 or 3 in number as per his description. In spite of their differences from the previously described species,
<taxonomicName id="AC01C9E90B1DB756C7033F2CD7319850" lsidName="A. titanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="titanica">A. titanica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D78BF663A769A3C7EFE8F9FEFEC6B1" lsidName="A. avatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="avatar">A. avatar</taxonomicName>
are referred to
<taxonomicName id="68BE1F7F096581E145E83BF6479CFF76" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Arctesthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arctesthes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctesthes</taxonomicName>
based on the other morphological characters mentioned in the Diagnosis above; as stated elsewhere, further studies on the phylogeny and genus classification of New Zealand
<taxonomicName id="CF8ED37E14A4560862D5AFEFF2434526" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
are needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>