258 lines
28 KiB
XML
258 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="7CDD8BABC2745ACA1FEDBA9E885023DC" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930050020122" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747979" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620672552581" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Gussmann S. M. & Scholtz, C. H." docDate="2000" docId="7B60F030FF8BFFDF01C3FB7FFEB1DC59" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.34.1045-1123.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 34" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Prototrupes Krikken 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1056" masterDocId="87598848FF81FFD20079FFE2FFB0DF5E" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of endemic southern African genera of Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1123" masterPageNumber="1045" pageNumber="1053" updateTime="1698914725550" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="73C6B70D57C49ED7401ED1C5B28E9761">
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<mods:title id="03B6E18EE7D2EFB569A4A7F37B27C166">Systematic revision of endemic southern African genera of Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8640550886502D4C2D3A3E60357035F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DEAE378B427967B9F29E734606CC3DCA">Gussmann S. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6F249599111692FC4E22F712A3FCEC25" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0547DC991BE548EEE25AC4F12ED01406">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="996ECAAC56756EBC0DF754A1614A9E9D">Scholtz, C. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF2F8F26078843A82E99292D18336740">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6BDF5AB1ABE4A642C75BDB2E6081E0D3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F33863D384FA9D90205A4340CE0AA228">
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<mods:date id="2C5BB8C579E69E7BB05327D120734886">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="04C54DD4F9870C69BD6F5F39CDCAB427" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C214718524CCC31B7701EE03156CCFD5">2000-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E92007955E938C44604C916E6A5DCBF2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4733BA3E76711B32E52E59B006EC0C37">34</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F3C70BE16493DAFE8BD007064FBBE40D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D2624825AB26B801DD8CF5EACE808FFB" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930050020122</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B289CD28AAA9745E9C0CF04A51AB50EC" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0A996917E5CC482246F1CD0103E4FAF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4747979</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7B60F030FF8BFFDF01C3FB7FFEB1DC59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B60F030FF8BFFDF01C3FB7FFEB1DC59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B60F030FF8BFFDF01C3FB7FFEB1DC59" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1056" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<subSubSection id="BBD312ADFF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD7BDB8B" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD10DBEB" blockId="10.[442,672,1181,1205]" box="[442,672,1181,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<heading id="A83EF64AFF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD10DBEB" box="[442,672,1181,1205]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD10DBEB" authority="Krikken" authorityName="Krikken" authorityYear="1977" box="[442,672,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD10DBEB" bold="true" box="[442,672,1181,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD801C3FB7FFD8BDBEB" bold="true" box="[442,571,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Prototrupes</emphasis>
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||
Krikken
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD801F6FB5FFD7BDB8B" blockId="10.[79,1034,1213,1322]" box="[399,715,1213,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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||
(®gures 1a±m, 2a±c,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="96FD27E1FF8BFFD80207FB5FFD71DB8B" box="[638,705,1213,1237]" degrees="3, 24" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" precision="555" value="3.24">3, 24e</geoCoordinate>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BBD312ADFF8BFFD80036FB02FDBDDA4E" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80036FB02FDBDDA4E" blockId="10.[79,1034,1213,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D3D96608FF8BFFD80036FB02FDBDDA4E" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<treatmentCitation id="72686737FF8BFFD80036FB02FE29DBAB" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[79,409,1247,1269]" page="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" year="1977">
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8BFFD80036FB02FE29DBAB" authority="Krikken, 1977 a: 162" authorityName="Krikken" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1977" box="[79,409,1247,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD80036FB02FF74DBAB" box="[79,196,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Prototrupes</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8BFFD800B2FB3DFE29DBAB" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[203,409,1247,1269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" pagination="161" refId="ref44555" refString="KRIKKEN, J., 1977 a, New bolboceratine genera from southwestern Africa (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Zoologische Mededelingen, 52 (12), 161 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1977">Krikken, 1977a: 162</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="72686737FF8BFFD801DCFB3DFE49DBAB" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[421,505,1247,1269]" page="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" year="1984">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8BFFD801DCFB3DFE49DBAB" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[421,505,1247,1269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" pagination="23" refId="ref44655" refString="KRIKKEN, J., 1984, A generic reclassi ® cation of the Afrotropical Bolboceratini (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Zoologische Mededelingen, 58 (3), 23 ± 45." type="journal article" year="1984">1984: 31</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="72686737FF8BFFD8027FFB3DFCE3DBAB" author="D'HOTMAN, D. & SCHOLTZ, C. H." box="[518,851,1247,1269]" page="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" year="1990">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8BFFD8027FFB3DFCE3DBAB" author="D'HOTMAN, D. & SCHOLTZ, C. H." box="[518,851,1247,1269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" pagination="1" refId="ref44183" refString="D'HOTMAN, D. and SCHOLTZ, C. H., 1990, Phylogenetic signi ® cance of the structure of the external male genitalia in the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera), Entomology Memoir, 77, 1 ± 51." type="journal article" year="1990">D’Hotman and Scholtz, 1990: 25</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, ®gure 39 (Phyl.);
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<treatmentCitation id="72686737FF8BFFD80001FB18FE08DA4E" author="SCHOLTZ, C. H. & BROWNE, D. J." box="[120,440,1274,1296]" page="600" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" year="1996">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8BFFD80001FB18FE08DA4E" author="SCHOLTZ, C. H. & BROWNE, D. J." box="[120,440,1274,1296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" pagination="597" refId="ref44934" refString="SCHOLTZ, C. H. and BROWNE, D. J., 1996, Polyphyly in the Geotrupidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a case for a new family, Journal of Natural History, 30, 597 ± 614." type="journal article" year="1996">Scholtz and Browne, 1996: 600</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(Phyl.).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BBD312ADFF8BFFDF0036FAF7FEB1DC59" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1056" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80036FAF7FCF9DA74" blockId="10.[79,1034,1213,1322]" box="[79,841,1300,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<typeStatus id="2C72FF84FF8BFFD80036FAF7FF32DA74" box="[79,130,1301,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8BFFD800A7FAF6FDF7DA74" authority="Kolbe, 1907" authorityName="Kolbe J. Krikken" authorityYear="1907" box="[222,583,1300,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolboceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copridoides">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD800A7FAF6FE73DA74" box="[222,451,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Bolboceras copridoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8BFFD801B2FAF6FDF7DA74" author="KOLBE, H. J." box="[459,583,1300,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" pagination="25" refId="ref44528" refString="KOLBE, H. J., 1907, Neue Coprophagen aus Afrika, Annales de la SocieAteA entomologique Belgique, 51, 25 ± 31." type="journal article" year="1907">Kolbe, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80036FA8CFF7DDADB" blockId="10.[79,1035,1390,1701]" box="[79,205,1390,1413]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD80036FA8CFF7DDADB" box="[79,205,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Description</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80001FA6FFE73DAFB" blockId="10.[79,1035,1390,1701]" box="[120,451,1421,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD80001FA6FFF4DDAFB" box="[120,253,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Body length</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="3431ECC3FF8BFFD80166FA6FFE0CDAFB" box="[287,444,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="1.49" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053" unit="mm" value="20.2" valueMax="25.5" valueMin="14.9">14.9±25.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80001FA4FFC3DDA9B" blockId="10.[79,1035,1390,1701]" box="[120,909,1453,1477]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD80001FA4FFF73DA9B" box="[120,195,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Colour</emphasis>
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||
. Light brown but forebody darker (reddish to dark brown).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3764126FF8BFFD80001FA2FFDFDD9FA" blockId="10.[79,1035,1390,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD80001FA2FFF03DABB" box="[120,179,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Head</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD800ACFA2FFEC7DABB" box="[213,375,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
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setose except for eye-canthus (®gure 1a±c).
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD8030DFA2FFF64D95B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Outer margin of mandible</emphasis>
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rounded but anteriorly sharply curved inward (®gure 1a±c).
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD803CAFA0FFBBAD95B" box="[947,1034,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Labrum</emphasis>
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(®gure 1a±c) ¯at, without transverse carina; distinctly setose; anterior margin straight.
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD800C3F9CFFEA2D91B" box="[186,274,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Clypeus</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD8015CF9CFFEEBD91B" box="[293,347,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">frons</emphasis>
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with three or four horns.
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<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8BFFD802DAF9CFFCF0D91B" box="[675,832,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1053">Antennal club</emphasis>
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elliptic, massive, slightly longer than diameter of eye; apical segment strongly ināted (®gure 1d); outline of each segment ovoid; basal segment feebly convex; glabrous area of basal segment about one-third of exposed surface.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A7B611AEFF8AFFD90007FA87FC6DDA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747983" box="[126,989,1380,1402]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054" startId="11.[126,142,1381,1402]" targetBox="[175,940,147,1350]" targetPageId="11">
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8AFFD90007FA87FC6DDA24" blockId="11.[126,989,1380,1402]" box="[126,989,1380,1402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">
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FIG. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8AFFD900A3FA87FE3EDA24" baseAuthorityName="Paulian" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[218,398,1380,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8AFFD900A3FA87FE3EDA24" box="[218,398,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">Prototrupes kochi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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: male or female (a).
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8AFFD90211FA87FD46DA24" authorityName="Kolbe J. Krikken" authorityYear="1907" box="[616,758,1380,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolboceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copridoides">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8AFFD90211FA87FD46DA24" box="[616,758,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">P. copridoides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: female (b), male (c).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8AFFD90001FA2CFD9BD95A" blockId="11.[79,1035,1485,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8AFFD90001FA2CFF55DABB" box="[120,229,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
. With four to six protrusions (®gure 2a, c); laterally with two arcuate ridges; lateral margin distinctly crenulate.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8AFFD90001F9EFFE34D91A" blockId="11.[79,1035,1485,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8AFFD90001F9EFFF54D97B" box="[120,228,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">Scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
. Very wide, basal width about 1.8Ölength, semi-circular (®gure 1e); ®nely to coarsely punctate.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3764126FF8AFFDE0001F9AFFE66DCB8" blockId="11.[79,1035,1485,1701]" lastBlockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1055" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8AFFD90001F9AFFF7BD93B" box="[120,203,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1054">Elytron</emphasis>
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||
. Anterior margin upturned; striae weekly to moderately impressed, their punctures small and separated by two to ®ve puncture diameters; intervals nearly ¯at, with very ®ne or small punctation; sutural stria terminating at scutellum in a straight line, second stria curving in toward scutellum but then obsolete and not reaching scutellum (®gure 1e).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="A7B611AEFF8DFFDE00C5FC85FC2FDC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747987" box="[188,927,870,893]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747987/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" startId="12.[188,204,871,892]" targetBox="[111,1003,146,843]" targetPageId="12">
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||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE00C5FC85FC2FDC22" blockId="12.[188,927,870,893]" box="[188,927,870,893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
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||
FIG. 3. Distributional records:
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<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8DFFDE0270FC8AFD0CDC23" baseAuthorityName="Paulian" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[521,700,871,893]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0270FC8AFD0CDC23" box="[521,700,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Prototrupes kochi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE02BFFC84FD69DC25" bold="true" box="[710,729,870,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">E</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8DFFDE0293FC8AFCC8DC23" authorityName="Kolbe J. Krikken" authorityYear="1907" box="[746,888,871,893]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolboceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copridoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0293FC8AFCC8DC23" box="[746,888,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">P. copridoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE03F8FC85FC24DC22" bold="true" box="[897,916,871,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">_</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FC0DFF2BDB78" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FC0DFE71DB58" box="[120,449,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Prosternum behind procoxae</emphasis>
|
||
(®gure
|
||
<quantity id="3431ECC3FF8DFFDE0266FC0CFD89DB58" box="[543,569,1006,1030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
|
||
). Simple, concave, without carina or spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FBCDFC16DB38" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FBCDFEBADB18" box="[120,266,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Metasternum</emphasis>
|
||
(®gure 1f). Process longitudinally keeled, widely separating mesocoxae; roundedly declivous anteriad; meso-metasternal suture absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FB8DFD57DADB" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FB8DFF1DDBD8" box="[120,173,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE00B7FB8CFE99DBD8" box="[206,297,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Protibia</emphasis>
|
||
strongly dilated, ®ve- to six-dentate (e.g. ®gure 2a).
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE03D1FB8CFFCDDBF8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Protibial spur</emphasis>
|
||
elongate, longer than ®fth tarsomere; acuminate.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE02C3FB6DFC94DBF8" box="[698,804,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Protarsus</emphasis>
|
||
with ®rst tarsomere always distinctly longer than ®fth tarsomere, equally long or longer than tarsomeres 2, 3 and 4 together.
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE013AFB2CFE0EDBB8" box="[323,446,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Metafemur</emphasis>
|
||
in ventral view with line of densely spaced setose punctures in anterior third, otherwise with setose punctures spread over most of surface (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8DFFDE0093FAECFECBDA78" box="[234,379,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolboceratex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0093FAECFECBDA78" box="[234,379,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Bolboceratex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ®gure 24e).
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0276FAECFDCCDA78" box="[527,636,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Metatibia</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral view strongly broadening from base to apex; with subapical carina unlobed; with small knoblike projections randomly spread over basal two-thirds of surface above subapical carina (®gure
|
||
<quantity id="3431ECC3FF8DFFDE03AFFAAFFC49DA3B" box="[982,1017,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0036FA8CFF7BDADB" box="[79,203,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Metatarsus</emphasis>
|
||
with many subapical setae on tarsomeres 2±4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FA6FFD66DAFB" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" box="[120,726,1421,1445]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FA6FFF56DAFB" box="[120,230,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Underside</emphasis>
|
||
. With extremely dense and long setation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FA4FFDC0DA9B" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" box="[120,624,1453,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FA4FFEAADA9B" box="[120,282,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Aedeagus as in ®gure 1h±j.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDE0001FA2FFDBAD95A" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001FA2FFF4CDABB" box="[120,252,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(®gure 3). Mainly dunes of the Namib and Kalahari deserts in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BDE01B6FF8DFFDE0036FA0FFF02D95B" box="[79,178,1517,1541]" name="Namibia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BDE01B6FF8DFFDE00BAFA0FFE83D95A" box="[195,307,1517,1540]" name="Botswana" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BDE01B6FF8DFFDE0116FA0FFDB2D95B" box="[367,514,1517,1541]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8DFFDF0001F9EFFE7FDEF6" blockId="12.[79,1035,943,1701]" lastBlockId="13.[79,1035,146,776]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1056" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE0001F9EFFF5CD97B" box="[120,236,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8DFFDE01EAF9ECFDA4D97B" authorityName="Krikken" authorityYear="1977" box="[403,532,1550,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8DFFDE01EAF9ECFDA4D97B" box="[403,532,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1055">Prototrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consisting of only two species, is unique and most readily recognized genus not only of the southern African, but all African genera. Distinguishing features are the very long and dense setation, the presence of setation on the dorsal surface of the head, the large antennal club with the apical segment strongly ināted, the very wide semi-circular scutellum, the keeled and broad metasternal process, the absence of a meso-metasternal suture, the broadened protibia, the apically broadened meso- and metatibia and the elongate ®rst tarsomere of the protarsus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8CFFDF0163FF30FE68DFB4" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[282,472,210,234]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" pagination="161" refId="ref44555" refString="KRIKKEN, J., 1977 a, New bolboceratine genera from southwestern Africa (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Zoologische Mededelingen, 52 (12), 161 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1977">Krikken (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the elytral base of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8CFFDF0338FF31FC72DFB4" authorityName="Krikken" authorityYear="1977" box="[833,962,211,234]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8CFFDF0338FF31FC72DFB4" box="[833,962,211,234]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Prototrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a ®ne ridge. Subsequently, in the generic reclassi®cation (1984), he described the elytral base as being`marginate’ as opposed to`immarginate’. The latter terms, however, are misleading: all genera possess a basal elytral margin, only that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8CFFDF0036FEB0FF60DE37" authorityName="Krikken" authorityYear="1977" box="[79,208,338,361]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8CFFDF0036FEB0FF60DE37" box="[79,208,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Prototrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this margin is ridged and upturned whereas in other genera the elytral base is always slightly curved downward and thus virtually concealing the basal margin that is only feebly ridged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8CFFDF0001FE52FD7DDD76" blockId="13.[79,1035,146,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8CFFDF00CFFE53FE3CDE96" box="[182,396,432,456]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8CFFDF00CFFE53FE87DE96" box="[182,311,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Prototrupes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share identical aedeagi. The size of the aedeagus relative to the body size is very small.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6BF25DA3FF8CFFDF01D2FE32FDA7DEB6" box="[427,535,464,488]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[79,95,1223,1244]" captionTargetBox="[172,948,143,1193]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[166,949,143,1196]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. Prototrupes kochi: head dorsal view, male or female (a). Prototrupes copridoides: head dorsal view, male (b) and female (c). Prototrupes spp.: antennal club (d), scutellum and strial punctures (e), metasternum (f), posterior end of prosternum, frontal view (g). Prototrupes spp.: aedeagus, dorsal (h), ventral (i), lateral view (j). P. kochi: mesotibia, dorsal view (k). P. copridoides: mesotibia, dorsal view (l). Prototrupes: metatibia, lateral view (m). Scale bars in all ®gures5 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747981/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Figure 1h</figureCitation>
|
||
±j illustrate the partially projected aedeagus of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8CFFDF00FDFE13FE0DDD56" authority="(Paulian)" baseAuthorityName="Paulian" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[132,445,496,520]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8CFFDF00FDFE13FEFBDD56" box="[132,331,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Prototrupes kochi</emphasis>
|
||
(Paulian)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen. The parameres are simple and lobed, the pair of long, thin projections is part of the internal sac.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3764126FF8CFFDF0001FDD2FEB1DC59" blockId="13.[79,1035,146,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">
|
||
As already assumed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97583CD7FF8CFFDF01FEFDD2FDF4DD16" author="KRIKKEN, J." box="[391,580,560,584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" pagination="161" refId="ref44555" refString="KRIKKEN, J., 1977 a, New bolboceratine genera from southwestern Africa (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Zoologische Mededelingen, 52 (12), 161 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1977">Krikken (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, some of the unique generic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C93AA5FF8CFFDF0036FDB3FF60DD36" authorityName="Krikken" authorityYear="1977" box="[79,208,593,616]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Prototrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD9D34FF8CFFDF0036FDB3FF60DD36" box="[79,208,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1056">Prototrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as long setation, broadened tibiae, enlarged antennal club, might be adaptations to the extreme arid and sandy environment in which the genus occurs. Other, non-adaptive features such as shapes of the metasternum, the prosternum behind the procoxae, the scutellum and the aedeagus are indicative, we believe, of a phylogenetically truly isolated lineage in comparison with the remaining African genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |