treatments-xml/data/74/F5/21/74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224603" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575611" ModsDocID="1314-4049-18-1" checkinTime="1481875202450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2016" docId="74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 18: 1-122" docOrigin="MycoKeys 18" docPubDate="2016-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" docTitle="Gymnopus foliiphilus R. H. Petersen 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" masterDocTitle="Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1643498509278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">repete@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>18</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-18-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
. 
<taxonomicName LSID="74F521E2-E7C7-51A7-9A86-404556CCC7DC" authority="R. H. Petersen" authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus" status="sp. nov.">Gymnopus foliiphilus R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">United States</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Connecticut</emphasis>
, Middlesex Co., vic. Salem, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Devil’s">Devil's</normalizedToken>
Hopyard State Park, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="28.937" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.482285">N41°28.937'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="20.491" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.341515">W72°20.491'</geoCoordinate>
, 1.IX.2013, coll RHP, TFB 14332 (TENN-F-68183).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">folius (Latin) = leaf; phil- (Greek) = to love; preference for broad-leafed leaves.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus (Mi.) perforans" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perforans" subGenus="Mi.">Gymnopus (Mi.) perforans</taxonomicName>
: differing in: 1) fruiting substrate of dead deciduous leaves, most commonly 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) unique phylogenetic placement (based on ITS sequences); 3) apparent geographic range in eastern North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Basidiomata (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Basidiomata. Standard bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115068" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10</figureCitation>
) diminutive, scattered to (rarely) gregarious. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pileus</emphasis>
3-22 mm diam, shallowly to strongly convex with downturned margin when young, becoming applanate to slightly depressed centrally by maturity (and then with small central dot of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“drab”">&quot;drab&quot;</normalizedToken>
6D3 or mouse gray), sometimes with small umbo, subtuberculate, matt to minutely plushy (35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) especially outward, when dried commonly 
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">sublaccate</pageBreakToken>
(glistening with reflected light rather than matt); disc when fresh &quot;pinkish buff&quot; 6A3, &quot;vinaceous buff&quot; 9B2, near &quot;light pinkish cinnamon&quot; 7A2, &quot;Mikado brown&quot; 7C6, to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“drab”">&quot;drab&quot;</normalizedToken>
6D3; limb &quot;pale pinkish cinnamon&quot; 6A2, &quot;pale ochraceous buff&quot; 4A2, &quot;pale cinnamon pink&quot; 5A2, &quot;light buff&quot; 3A2, &quot;pinkish buff&quot; 6A3, grayish orange 5B3; margin somewhat thick, entire to uplifted, vaguely sulcate-striate to not 
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">striate</pageBreakToken>
, usually mellowing to entirely tan to pallid brown. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate-adnexed or occasionally attached to a weak pseudocollarium (especially visible when dried and seceded), subdistant to distant, total lamellae = 30-32; through lamellae = 13-16, arcuate, thickish, narrow (not more than 1 mm broad) with no anastomoses or interveining, with dark brown ring around stipe apex, off-white to &quot;pale pinkish cinnamon&quot; 6A2, near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“chamois”">&quot;chamois&quot;</normalizedToken>
4B4 or &quot;pale ochraceous salmon&quot; 3A3, mellowing to &quot;light buff&quot; 3A2, and perhaps with slight tint of necropigment in storage to &quot;light ochraceous buff&quot; 5A4; lamellar edge entire, never marginate nor fimbriate, occasionally minutely laccate. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stipe</emphasis>
12-30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.2 mm, terete, equal, insititious, at junction with lamellae &quot;vinaceous russet&quot; 8D4, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bister”">&quot;bister&quot;</normalizedToken>
5F8, upward concolorous with gills, &quot;cinnamon buff&quot; 6B4, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“avellaneous”">&quot;avellaneous&quot;</normalizedToken>
7B3 to &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 7B2, soon downward &quot;wood brown&quot; 5A4, &quot;buffy brown&quot; 6D4, &quot;mummy brown&quot; 6F8, &quot;Verona brown&quot; 6E5, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Rood’s">&quot;Rood's</normalizedToken>
brown&quot; 6D5, &quot;clove brown&quot; 6F5, &quot;chaetura black&quot; 2F3 to &quot;bone brown&quot; 7F8, weakly to densely vestured throughout, variably minutely flocculose, especially upward, to barbed with setoid vesture, hollow, downward becoming stuffed; vesture at stipe apex (30
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
), hyaline, downward becoming pigmented to dull yellow then dull straw-colored, but never black. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhizomorphs</emphasis>
usually present but widely scattered and inconspicuous, filiform (0.2-0.4 mm thick), resupinate on leaf surface (especially more sclerophyllous leaves), and there branching and anastomosing, sometimes orange-brown and diffuse, otherwise black and meandering, short (never more than 6 mm long), unbranched, straight to somewhat curly apically, tapering to flagelliform terminus. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taste</emphasis>
usually reported as negligible, occasionally very weak of garlic; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">odor</emphasis>
usually reported as negligible, occasionally resembling boiled cabbage after drying or mildly fetid.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984787" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115068" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Basidiomata. Standard bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
On dead broad-leafed leaves, most often 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves, fruiting especially on midribs and petioles of both red and white oak complexes; other adventitious substrates include 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aceraceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(at least 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cornus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Magnolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Magnolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron" order="Ericales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhododendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2-needle 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Appalachian Mountain chain from New England through northern South Carolina and northern Georgia, west to Arkansas and south to Gulf Coast; late Spring through early Autumn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a thin tissue involved in a slime matrix, composed of the following: 1) pileal hairs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115070" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">11</figureCitation>
) -120 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, smooth, occasionally clamped internally, with telltale evidence of superficial mucoid deposit; 2) repent hyphae slender [3.5-5.5(-13) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam], firm-walled (wall -1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, often somewhat gelatinized), generally radially oriented, conspicuously clamped, mostly smooth, occasionally vaguely ornamented (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pileipellis elements. A-C Encrusted hyphae D Hyphae showing secondary septa E Gelatinized hyphal walls F, G Lobate side branches. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115071" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12A-C</figureCitation>
) with minute flakes in slime next to hyphal wall, commonly very vaguely striped with some profile flakes (PhC), rarely significantly encrusted, hyaline, embedded in a thin layer of mucoid material (amorphous debris expressed in paradermal squashes, PhC); 3) common secondarily septate hyphal segments (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pileipellis elements. A-C Encrusted hyphae D Hyphae showing secondary septa E Gelatinized hyphal walls F, G Lobate side branches. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115071" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12D</figureCitation>
); small, peg-like, small lobes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pileipellis elements. A-C Encrusted hyphae D Hyphae showing secondary septa E Gelatinized hyphal walls F, G Lobate side branches. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115071" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12F, G</figureCitation>
) common. Subpellis hyphae broader (5-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam), thick-walled (wall -1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), conspicuously clamped, hyaline, interwoven, with evidence of a mucoid or gelatinous deposit. Pileus tramal hyphae 5-21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thin- to firm-walled, with minimal slime matrix, clamped. Lamellar trama loosely interwoven, of uninflated cells (2-)3.5-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm- to thick-walled 
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
wall -0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), lightly encrusted or with evidence of insoluble mucoid matrix, conspicuously clamped. Hymenium dense, with basidia becoming diaphanous after spore discharge but not disappearing (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“husking”">&quot;husking&quot;</normalizedToken>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pleurocystidia and basidia. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 11555 (TENN-F- 59441)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115072" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13A-D</figureCitation>
) 25-33 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform, conspicuously clamped, serially produced from subhymenial clamp connections. Basidioles clavate; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Basidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Pleurocystidia and basidia. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 11555 (TENN-F- 59441)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115072" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">13E-H</figureCitation>
) (21-)27-32 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(5-)6-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate to narrowly clavate, clamped, 4-sterigmate (occasional individuals, always semicollapsed, observed with two prolonged sterigmata), obscurely to conspicuously clamped; contents minutely multigranular, not guttulate. Subbasidial cells appearing catenulate, lobose but hyphal (not as lobose as in 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Basidiospores. Standard bar = 5 µm. A = TFB 11608 (TENN-F- 59641); B = TFB 14322 (TENN-F- 68183)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115073" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14</figureCitation>
) (4.5-)6.5-7(-8) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5(-4) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.33-2.80; Qm = 1.92; Lm = 6.85 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), gymnopoid to pip-shaped (ellipsoid, not tapered proximally), smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
observed only in rare specimens, clavate, 28-34 
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
9-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, broadly clavate, not longer than basidia but broader, hyaline, clamped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stipe medullary hyphae</emphasis>
4-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, irregularly thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick) as though encrusted in bands (but not so), hyaline, conspicuously clamped; outer medullary hyphae 3-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, hyaline, thick-walled (wall -2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), free (not 
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">adherent</pageBreakToken>
), strictly parallel, conspicuously clamped, commonly anastomosed in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“H”">&quot;H&quot;</normalizedToken>
connections. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stipe cortical hyphae</emphasis>
3.5-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, smooth, thick-walled (wall -1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), pigmented in cytoplasm, producing caulocystidia as side branches. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Caulocystidia from upper stipe. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115074" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15</figureCitation>
) 25-&gt;150 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.5-)6-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, arising from a tangled thatch of dry, interwoven, very thick-walled (occluding cell lumen), clamped hyphae, a combina 
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
of straight and setoid, mixed with other gnarled or curled individuals, densely scattered, thick-walled, usually arising as hyphal terminus or commonly with short abortive branch below, pigmented in cytoplasm (wall subhyaline), usually somewhat broader near origin than at mid-point (6-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam). Lower stipe caulocystidia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnopus foliiphilus. Caulocystidia from lower stipe. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 2800 (TENN-F- 49363)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115075" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">16</figureCitation>
) setoid, 4-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled (occluding cell lumen), arising as side branches from stipe surface hyphae, gathered into rough synnematal spines.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984789" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115070" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 2800 (TENN-F-49363).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984791" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115071" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A-C</emphasis>
Encrusted hyphae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
Hyphae showing secondary septa 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
Gelatinized hyphal walls 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F, G</emphasis>
Lobate side branches. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 2800 (TENN-F-49363).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984793" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115072" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia and basidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A-D</emphasis>
Pleurocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E-H</emphasis>
Basidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 11555 (TENN-F-59441).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984795" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115073" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Basidiospores. Standard bar = 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
= TFB 11608 (TENN-F-59641); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
= TFB 14322 (TENN-F-68183).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984797" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115074" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia from upper stipe. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 2800 (TENN-F-49363).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984799" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115075" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia from lower stipe. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 2800 (TENN-F-49363).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus foliiphilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gymnopus foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most commonly collected North American taxon in sect. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Perforantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Perforantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Preliminary field identification attempts to distinguish several taxa with similar basidiomata. Substrate segregates 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. androsaceus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(conifer needles, usually 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), from 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Geographic distribution is less secure. Both 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. androsaceus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in Europe and temperate North America, while 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems limited to eastern North America. From all these taxa, a mimic, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilliam" authorityYear="1975" class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius pallidocephalus" order="Agaricales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pallidocephalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Marasmius pallidocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is separated from 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. androsaceus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with difficulty in the field, based almost solely by lack of clamp connections of the former and phylogenetic placement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Often in collections of 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, evidence of some bleaching of substrate can be detected. This is not dramatic - not to pale off-white - but distinct nonetheless. The phenomenon cannot be compared to 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because fallen needles of 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
naturally bleach over time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
In 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. folliiphilus" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="folliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. folliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stipes are almost always 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="bicolor" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
, upward with some avellaneous to pinkish shade, downward to dark brown and finally black toward the base (note that the very junction of stipe and lamellae is always dark brown). The relative stipe length of these colors varies considerably, with the upward avellaneous shades from only the uppermost 10% to as much as the upper 50%. To some extent, the density and quality of the stipe vesture also varies, with upper surfaces producing shorter, less setoid, hyaline caulocystidia, often with long, slender, hyaline hyphae producing a sparsely silky 
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
wispy appearance (40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) rather different from the hispid or barbed appearance of the lower stipe caused by setoid caulocystidia often gathered into synnematous sheaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
seductive artifact in microscope mounts of hymenial structures are the subbasidial cells. As is typical, basidioles and basidia are produced in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bouquets”">&quot;bouquets&quot;</normalizedToken>
by subbasidial hyphae, which usually are tightly packed but which retain hyphal characteristics. In 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subbasidial hyphae are catenulate or congestedly lobose. The result are structures which mimic the cheilocystidia of numerous 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus" order="Agaricales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gymnopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa, especially in sect. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Agaricales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Vestipedes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Vestipedes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cheilocystidia are difficult to interpret, and when present, are consummately basidiiform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Traditional generic characters are not consistent in sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="section" section="Perforantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Perforantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="section" section="Androsacei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Androsacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For example, the pileipellis of 
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. androsaceus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles a rameales structure of repent but diverticulate hyphae. Such a pileipellis is also present in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murrill" authorityYear="1915" class="Basidiomycetes" family="omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Marasmiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, taxa of which seem to belong to several relatively distantly related clades. In 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale" order="Agaricales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Micromphale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a 
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">gelatinous</pageBreakToken>
layer within the pileus trama can usually be demonstrated (i.e. 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. foetidum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="foetidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. foetidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, etc.), but in 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale subsp. sect." order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Perforantia" species="foetidum" subSpecies="sect.">Micromphale sect. Perforantia</taxonomicName>
the gelatinous layer is absent, but 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“replaced”">&quot;replaced&quot;</normalizedToken>
by a thin slime matrix over and within the pileipellis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
A paper by 
<bibRefCitation author="Farnet, AM" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="884 - 890" publicationUrl="10.1139/b99-051" refId="B12" refString="Farnet, AM, Roux, M, LePetit, J, 1999. Genotypic variations among isolates of Marasmius quercophilus. A white-rot fungus isolated from evergreen oak litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 77: 884 - 890, DOI: 10.1139/b99-051" title="Genotypic variations among isolates of Marasmius quercophilus. A white-rot fungus isolated from evergreen oak litter." url="10.1139/b99-051" volume="77" year="1999">Farnet et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
employed an agar medium reputed to promote production of rhizomorphs. For the present study, this medium (whole wheat flour 20 g/L; agar, Bacto 20 g/L; H2O 1 L) was used for numerous dikaryon isolates of various 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marasmius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Micromphale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collections. Ancillary to production of rhizomorphs, aerial mycelium of isolates of 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. foliiphilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
slowly changed from white to bright yellow (&quot;empire yellow&quot; 3A6), while aerial mycelium of 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Desjardin (pers. comm.) indicated the possibility that 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius insititius" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="insititius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marasmius insititius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fr. (1838. Epicrisis: 386), fruiting on 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves in Sweden, might be similar to 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. foliiphilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">M. foliiphilus</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius insititius" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="insititius">Marasmius insititius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has seen a checkered history. Recently, 
<bibRefCitation author="Antonin, V" journalOrPublisher="IHV-Verlag, Berlin" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="B4" refString="Antonin, V, Noordeloos, ME, 2010. A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe. IHV-Verlag, Berlin" title="A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe." year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antonín">Antonin</normalizedToken>
and Noordeloos (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
excluded the epithet from 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marasmius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because: 1) no type specimen exists; 2) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fries’s">Fries's</normalizedToken>
description is less than explicit; 3) in spite of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fries’s">Fries's</normalizedToken>
physical location in central Sweden in 1838, a habitat on 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves might indicate his exposure to the organism in southern Sweden; and 4) 
<bibRefCitation author="Orton, PD" journalOrPublisher="Notes on genera and species in the list Transactions of the British Mycological Society" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="159 - 439" publicationUrl="10.1016/S0007-1536(60)80065-4" refId="B31" refString="Orton, PD, 1960. New checklist of British Agarics and Boleti. III. Notes on genera and species in the list Transactions of the British Mycological Society 43: 159 - 439, DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1536(60)80065-4" title="New checklist of British Agarics and Boleti. III." url="10.1016/S0007-1536(60)80065-4" volume="43" year="1960">Orton (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 303) had dismissed the epithet as a later heterotypic synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius calopus" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="calopus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marasmius calopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="B7" refString="Desjardin, DE, 1989. The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee" title="The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains" year="1989">Desjardin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
did not include 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. insititius" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="insititius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. insititius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his type specimen studies, presumably based on the above and its extralimital status for 
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marasmius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the southeastern United States. Svengunnar Ryman (UPS; pers. comm.) indicates that 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. insititius" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="insititius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. insititius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an unknown entity. It is not the purpose of this paper to attempt to exhume 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. insititius" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="insititius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. insititius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially as this name was not taken up in the Scandinavian mycota by Noordeloos in Funga Nordica (
<bibRefCitation author="Knudsen, H" journalOrPublisher="Nodrsvamp" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="B23" refString="Knudsen, H, Vesterholt, J, 2012. Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Nodrsvamp" title="Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera" year="2012">Knudsen and Vesterholt 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Once informed of our intention to propose a new species to represent the oak-loving relative of 
<taxonomicName genus="Mi." lsidName="Mi. perforans" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mi. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Desjardin (pers. comm.) graciously supplied extensive notes on three specimens [DED 4329 (TN), DED 4449 (SC), DED 4477 (NC)] and numerous citations of herbarium specimens chiefly listed under 
<taxonomicName genus="Ma." lsidName="Ma. epiphyllus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="epiphyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ma. epiphyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="Ma." lsidName="Ma. insititius" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="insititius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ma. insititius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from AL, OH, PA, VA (not represented in &quot;specimens examined&quot; below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14422" collectingDate="2013-10-23" country="UNITED STATES" county="Baxter Co." latitude="36.04" location="Ozark National Forest" longLatPrecision="118" longitude="-92.386665" municipality="Big Flat" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arkansas">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Arkansas">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Baxter Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic. 
<collectingMunicipality>Big Flat</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:D79071C92BC75F0C19B68028200995C3" country="UNITED STATES" county="Baxter Co." latitude="36.04" longLatPrecision="118" longitude="-92.386665" municipality="Big Flat" name="Ozark National Forest" stateProvince="Arkansas">Ozark National Forest</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:0808810EA115A3372E22045EF5D181F1" country="UNITED STATES" county="Baxter Co." latitude="36.04" longLatPrecision="118" longitude="-92.386665" municipality="Big Flat" name="Leatherwood Wilderness" stateProvince="Arkansas">Leatherwood Wilderness</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="02.4" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="36.04">N36°02.4'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92" direction="west" minutes="23.2" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-92.386665">W92°23.2'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2013-10-23">23.X.2013</collectingDate>
, coll RHP (as 
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. perforans subsp. var. var. quercophilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="variety" species="perforans" subSpecies="var." variety="quercophilus">M. perforans var. quercophilus</taxonomicName>
), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14422">TFB 14422</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-69084)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14332" collectingDate="2013-09-01" country="United States of America" county="Middlesex Co." location="Devil's Hopyard State Park" municipality="Salem" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Connecticut" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Connecticut">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Middlesex Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic. 
<collectingMunicipality>Salem</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:0070DE636B6AB77433F65244F00A18E8" country="United States of America" county="Middlesex Co." municipality="Salem" name="Devil's Hopyard State Park" stateProvince="Connecticut">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Devil’s">Devil's</normalizedToken>
Hopyard State Park
</location>
, 41°28.937'N, 72°20.491'W, 
<collectingDate value="2013-09-01">1.ix.2013</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14332">TFB 14332</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-68183, 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-06-15" collectorName="SA Gordon" country="United States of America" county="Rabun Co." location="Warwoman Dell" municipality="Clayton" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Georgia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Rabun Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic. 
<collectingMunicipality>Clayton</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:3A9CA619CF5546E4B9F49444466001A4" country="United States of America" county="Rabun Co." municipality="Clayton" name="Warwoman Dell" stateProvince="Georgia">Warwoman Dell</location>
picnic area, 
<collectingDate value="1992-06-15">15.VI.1992</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 4902 (ITS, TENN-F-51221)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14291" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="United States of America" county="Stone Co." latitude="30.7762" location="Red Creek Wildlife Management Area" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.91358" municipality="Ramsey Springs" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Mississippi">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Stone Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Ramsey Springs</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:75219611780ECB6540254E6F1745B49B" country="United States of America" county="Stone Co." latitude="30.7762" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.91358" municipality="Ramsey Springs" name="Red Creek Wildlife Management Area" stateProvince="Mississippi">Red Creek Wildlife Management Area</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="46.572" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.7762">N30°46.572'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="54.815" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.91358">W88°54.815'</geoCoordinate>
, coll. RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14291">TFB 14291</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-68145)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 10364, TFB 10463, TFB 14508, TFB 14531, TFB 13875, TFB 14063, TFB 14048" collectingDate="1992-06-29" collectingDateMax="2014-08-14" collectingDateMin="1992-06-29" collectorName="SA Gordon, Highlands, Nantahala Nat. For., Trail, Road, Blue Valley Campground" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" location="Rte" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Macon Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic. 
<collectingMunicipality>Highlands</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:9BAB9094AB278B40EE9F241FD674B0B8" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Rte" stateProvince="North Carolina">Rte</location>
106, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:C43282468E55764705A301D15C825207" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Blue Valley Overlook" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:FE05A53173B860C6302FF8E8657F4C5D" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Blue Valley" stateProvince="North Carolina">Blue 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:7554345E5F7E187253438BF9A8BC63E7" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Valley Overlook" stateProvince="North Carolina">Valley Overlook</location>
</location>
</location>
, north side of road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.15" value="35.02921">N35°01'45.15&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.09" value="-83.28253">W83°16'57.09&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 20.VII.1n989, coll RHP, TFB 2800 (TENN-F-49363); vic. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:07B21DD06A9E13745B33A20565C975EA" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Highlands" stateProvince="North Carolina">Highlands</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:01848419BC346881D5DA8BDF2639B45A" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Bull Pen Rd." stateProvince="North Carolina">Bull Pen Rd.</location>
at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:FE208D382F727B8923666CDAD6B17CD2" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Slick Rock" stateProvince="North Carolina">Slick Rock</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1992-06-29">29.VI.1992</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 4928 (ITS, TENN-F-51244); vic. 
<collectorName>Highlands</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Nantahala Nat. For.</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:F33FB73CB45B2373811C90952B65AFBB" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Blue Valley" stateProvince="North Carolina">Blue Valley</location>
, 
<collectorName>Trail</collectorName>
to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:E487EA62A7DA3E85A9C4EB07166071A6" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Pickelseimer's Falls" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pickelseimer’s">Pickelseimer's</normalizedToken>
Falls
</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1994-07-23">23.VII.1994</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, TFB 7243 (TENN-F-56223); same location, 
<collectorName>Road</collectorName>
79, 
<collectingDate value="1999-08-14">14.VIII.1999</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB10364">TFB 10364</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-57923); same location, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:E83CD79E05DFF46377B38B09E02CDE19" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Forest Rd." stateProvince="North Carolina">Forest Rd.</location>
79, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01.103" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.018383">N35°01.103'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="14.697" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.24495">W83°14.697'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-08-01">1.VIII.2012</collectingDate>
, coll. RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB10463">TFB 10463</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-67809); same location, 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:0A69E1CB769045BCDC9D2B0C35CB6865" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Blue Valley" stateProvince="North Carolina">Blue 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:380CD6F5CDBB0327A39346C139097433" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Valley Campground" stateProvince="North Carolina">Valley Campground</location>
</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.23" value="35.012566">N35°00'45.23&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.33" value="-83.15815">W83°09'29.33&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2014-08-11">11.VIII.2014</collectingDate>
, coll. RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14508">TFB 14508</accessionNumber>
; same location, FR 77 gate area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="00.243" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.00405">N35°00.243'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="14.151" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.23585">W83°14.151'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2014-08-14">14.VIII.2014</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14531">TFB 14531</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69226); same location, start of FR 79, at picnic area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01.085" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.01808">N35°01.085'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="14.715" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.24525">W83°14.715'</geoCoordinate>
, coll RHP (as 
<taxonomicName genus="Mi." lsidName="Mi. perforans subsp. var. var. quercophilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="variety" species="perforans" subSpecies="var." variety="quercophilus">Mi. perforans var. quercophilus</taxonomicName>
), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB13875">TFB 13875</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-65571); same location, FR 79, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01.103" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.018383">N35°01.103'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="14.697" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.24495">W83°14.697'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-08-01">1.VIII.2012</collectingDate>
, coll RHP (as 
<taxonomicName genus="Mi." lsidName="Mi. perforans subsp. var. var. quercophilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="variety" species="perforans" subSpecies="var." variety="quercophilus">Mi. perforans var. quercophilus</taxonomicName>
), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14063">TFB 14063</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-67809); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:B0141E75A21AD5B6C9F32FD1529414E7" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." latitude="34.07915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.23583" municipality="Highlands" name="Cliffside Lake Rd." stateProvince="North Carolina">Cliffside Lake Rd.</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="04.749" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.07915">N34°04.749'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="14.150" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.23583">W83°14.150'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-08-30">30.VIII.2012</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14048">TFB 14048</accessionNumber>
(ITS, TENN-F-65977)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-05-17" collectingDateMax="1996-08-07" collectingDateMin="1991-05-17" collectorName="SA Gordon, Rte, Cashiers, Walhalla Fish Hatchery" country="United States of America" county="Oconee Co." elevation="12" latitude="34.985916" location="Nature Trail" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.0729" municipality="Oconee State Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="South Carolina">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Oconee Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Oconee State Park</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:9AE3919848A52D7B89079975CEE06BA4" country="United States of America" county="Oconee Co." latitude="34.985916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.0729" municipality="Oconee State Park" name="Nature Trail" stateProvince="South Carolina">Nature Trail</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="34.86861">N34°52'07&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-83.10555">W83°06'20&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-05-17">17.V.1991</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 3612 (TENN-F-50731); TFB 3615 (TENN-F-50734); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:A671F73F420BB23E5D1A43CA51046404" country="United States of America" county="Oconee Co." latitude="34.985916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.0729" municipality="Oconee State Park" name="Oconee State Park" stateProvince="South Carolina">Oconee State Park</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="39.86861">N39°52'07&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-83.10528">W83°06'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1992-08-18">18.VIII.1992</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 5051 (TENN-F-51454); 
<collectorName>Rte</collectorName>
107 circ. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
south of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:00DC36BD42F80D302A61CD88EDA4FC55" country="United States of America" county="Oconee Co." latitude="34.985916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.0729" municipality="Oconee State Park" name="Cashiers" stateProvince="South Carolina">Cashiers</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="34.99361">N34°59'37&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-83.052505">W83°03'09&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1992-08-16">16.VIII.1992</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, TFB 5435 (TENN-F-51753); vic. 
<collectorName>Cashiers</collectorName>
(NC), 
<collectorName>Walhalla Fish Hatchery</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="59.155" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.985916">N34°59.155'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="04.374" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.0729">W83°04.374'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1996-08-07">7.VIII.1996</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, TFB 8782 (ITS, TENN-F-55210)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 11608, TFB 13242" collectingDate="1991-06-20" collectingDateMax="2006-07-05" collectingDateMin="1991-06-20" collectorName="V. Antonin, Metcalf's Bottoms, Crib Gap, DE Desjardin, Greenbrier, Ramsay's Cascades, SA Gordon, Foothills Parkway, Look Rock Campground, Cosby, Gabes Mt. Trail, M. Padansee, E Lickey" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.209167" location="Cocke Co." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.745026" municipality="Spruce Flats" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Tennessee">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Blount Co.</collectingCounty>
, GSMNP, 
<collectingMunicipality>Spruce Flats</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.4" value="35.621777">N35°37'18.4&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.3" value="-83.67397">W83°40'26.3&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-06-24">24.VI.1991</collectingDate>
, coll RHP &amp; 
<collectorName>
V. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antonín">Antonin</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, TFB 3659 (TENN-F-50778); GSMNP, 
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Metcalf’s">Metcalf's</normalizedToken>
Bottoms
</collectorName>
, picnic area, 
<collectingDate value="1997-06-09">9.VI.1997</collectingDate>
, coll RHP, TFB 9166 (ITS, TENN-F-55764); GSMNP, vic 
<collectorName>Crib Gap</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.8" value="35.61272">N35°36'45.8&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.1" value="-83.745026">W83°44'42.1&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-07-22">22.VII.1991</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>DE Desjardin</collectorName>
(as 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale perforans subsp. var. var. quercophilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="perforans" subSpecies="var." variety="quercophilus">Micromphale perforans var. quercophilus</taxonomicName>
), DED 5272 (ITS, TENN-F-50013; SFSU); GSMNP, 
<collectorName>Greenbrier</collectorName>
at trailhead to 
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramsay’s">Ramsay's</normalizedToken>
Cascades
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-06-20">20.VI.1991</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, RHP, 
<collectorName>
V. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antonín">Antonin</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, TFB 3642 (ITS, TENN-F-50761); 
<collectorName>Foothills Parkway</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Look Rock Campground</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="2003-08-10">10.VIII.2003</collectingDate>
, coll KWH &amp; RHP, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB11608">TFB 11608</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-59641); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:6F79FA0C35E4E95FE645DFFA29608214" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.209167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.745026" municipality="Spruce Flats" name="Cocke Co." stateProvince="Tennessee">Cocke Co.</location>
, vic. 
<collectorName>Cosby</collectorName>
, GSMNP, 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:D2D055E92F85851E5A7F84BD487CB4D4" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.209167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.745026" municipality="Spruce Flats" name="Gabes Mt." stateProvince="Tennessee">Gabes 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74F521E2E7C751A79A86404556CCC7DC:405E24EC4238A7DB9D8AC6FED82D18CC" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.209167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.745026" municipality="Spruce Flats" name="Mt. Trail" stateProvince="Tennessee">Mt. Trail</location>
</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.0" value="35.209167">N35°12'33.0&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2006-07-05">5.VII.2006</collectingDate>
, coll 
<collectorName>M. Padansee</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>E Lickey</collectorName>
, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB13242">TFB 13242</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-61274)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>