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<document id="05F494CFA2E7C5929BCD29B1D045CB29" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad069" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470369" ID-ZooBank="65B60DD3-64C9-4262-B7B2-74DA4D3D889F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1704718994927" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meissner, Karin, Schwentner, Martin, Göưing, Miriam &amp; Fiege, Thomas Knebelsberger and Dieter" docDate="2023" docId="743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad069.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bb4b3576-4caa-315f-aa71-9f8f63f60d66/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Spiophanes australis Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="936" masterDocId="8807916FFFF6FF8EFFEF224B1D21FFC2" masterDocTitle="Polychaetes distributed across oceans-examples of widely recorded species from abyssal depths of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans" masterLastPageNumber="944" masterPageNumber="906" pageNumber="933" updateTime="1705066884123" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6E6208CAF5C603ED771B22D5C4B76EA9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D47ABC1BC1765CCC56C349EA5209D73A">
<mods:title id="B6FEE975A2260A0C0001284E581C1FD6">Polychaetes distributed across oceans-examples of widely recorded species from abyssal depths of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7625D735EE36594ADA73A5EEE024C8CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8E0559F10C07A421B09DBE0425F985D1">Meissner, Karin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8C71F708A15C6F739C7283313782399C">Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Museum, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="16550F9F9127C0FF81A3577B3E79D123">Schwentner, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="13C506B2D9CEDFF167E2538BFD4AE324">Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F8D1E008995521137A406C4A8DD56987">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EB8DEBE1FAEC3E41625103C24A4A3124">Göưing, Miriam</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="96263F89071FFB4C6437AE615E6EED6C">Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Museum, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B4438A29729ED6A0A3BD3033E0AFB0E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8A9C27705B8E7050C00968D6199A472C">Fiege, Thomas Knebelsberger and Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C50E1EA760B36858C2B8F154DD33FE0D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5AA6C7E554E3D55B8AE7584116717D9B">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6D573757922316DC2FB0A32E1CC0AF88">
<mods:date id="163D302A18E5A0B2F3FEEA0D1B609C8A">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="86BD37F33E9178343F01BE39F5BC445E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5B8AF7B47998ABACF37C8050B3193BD8">2023-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F699C42304246342D3E5F9D5F6FFA58E">199</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7825D95438856ACAD321703683AE828E">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bb4b3576-4caa-315f-aa71-9f8f63f60d66/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="071CF08CAF5B220D0577AD5D3AB93AE3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A057B8F357F96273A200EC2648F7A23F" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad069</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8866CE4B40F590F42A42D42F9849D373" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EF3F6FCAB99D2873AE8BC3319BF2EDC8" type="Zenodo-Dep">10470369</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="936" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<subSubSection id="B48D0B8AFFEDFF95FCA12672188FFB91" box="[846,1454,1081,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FCA12672188FFB91" blockId="27.[846,1454,1081,1108]" box="[846,1454,1081,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<heading id="A760EF6DFFEDFF95FCA12672188FFB91" bold="true" box="[846,1454,1081,1108]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" reason="2">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FCA12672188FFB91" bold="true" box="[846,1454,1081,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFEDFF95FCA126721917FB96" ID-CoL="BSCRL" authority="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege, 2023" authorityName="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege" authorityYear="2023" box="[846,1078,1081,1108]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FCA126721917FB96" bold="true" box="[846,1078,1081,1108]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Spiophanes australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5D03968FFEDFF95FBD4267119A6FB96" box="[1083,1159,1082,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Meissner, Göfling and Fiege
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B48D0B8AFFEDFF90FC14262D1FB4F952" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="936" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FC14262D1821FB42" blockId="27.[1019,1280,1126,1153]" box="[1019,1280,1126,1153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FC14262D1821FB42" bold="true" box="[1019,1280,1126,1153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
(
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEDFF95FBE9262C1973FB43" box="[1030,1106,1127,1153]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[113,178,717,741]" captionTargetBox="[157,1404,147,686]" captionTargetId="figure-716@24.[143,1429,144,690]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of lateral ciliated patches in neuropodia along chaetigers of the middle body region in Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. and S. australis sp. nov.; trendlines of calculated mean and median values for counted patches also shown; character only reliably observable in formalin fixed specimens examined with SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470401/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEDFF95FBB4262C1956FB43" box="[1115,1143,1127,1153]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEDFF95FB6E262C19BCFB43" box="[1153,1181,1127,1153]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">17</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="B1156DBAFFEDFF95FB47262C19D4FB43" box="[1192,1269,1127,1153]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="23.[130,185,1396,1420]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Table 6. Counts of lateral ciliated patches observed in neuropodia along chaetigers (Ch) of the middle body region in different specimens of Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. (P1–P7) and S. australis sp. nov.(A1–A4), together with calculated mean and median values" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" tableUuid="A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FCD626D01EEFFAED" blockId="27.[825,1474,1178,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FCD626D01EEFFB70" box="[825,974,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="4CFF525CFFEDFF95FC3526D11EEFFAED" collectingDate="2009-07-15" collectionCode="EBS" collectorName="Basin, M" country="Argentina" elevation="4602" location="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" specimenCode="SMF 30647" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FC3526D1186AFB70" bold="true" box="[986,1355,1178,1202]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<typeStatus id="232CE6A3FFEDFF95FC3526D11965FB70" box="[986,1092,1178,1202]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<location id="F9480EDAFFEDFF95FBBA26D1186AFB70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952:F9480EDAFFEDFF95FBBA26D1186AFB70" box="[1109,1355,1178,1202]" country="Argentina" name="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">South Atlantic Ocean</location>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="84801891FFEDFF95FAB326D118E3FB70" box="[1372,1474,1178,1202]" name="Argentina" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Argentine</collectingCountry>
Basin, M 79-1 (DIVA 3), stn 533-1
<collectionCode id="9A86C0C4FFEDFF95FB4026F219FDFB13" box="[1199,1244,1209,1233]" collectionName="EBS" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">EBS</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FB0726F21818FB13" box="[1256,1337,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.601999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4602.0">
<elevation id="77BABF32FFEDFF95FB0726F21818FB13" box="[1256,1337,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.601999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4602.0">4602 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="88297EC1FFEDFF95FAAB26F2189FFB13" box="[1348,1470,1209,1233]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-15">
<collectingDate id="986D8729FFEDFF95FAAB26F2189FFB13" box="[1348,1470,1209,1233]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-15">15 Jul 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, one af fragmented into two pieces (21 chaetigers,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FAD6269218A9FB32" box="[1337,1416,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
long, width
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FC9126B31EF2FAD2" box="[894,979,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
), original fixation formalin, now in 70% EtOH (
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FCAF275C1EE2FAED" box="[832,963,1303,1327]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SMF 30647</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FCD6271A19D0F9E7" blockId="27.[825,1474,1360,1698]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<materialsCitation id="4CFF525CFFEDFF95FCD6271A1E73FA4A" collectionCode="DIVA" collectorName="SW Atlantic Ocean &amp; Basin, M" country="Argentina" location="Basin" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" specimenCode="DIVA 3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FCD6271A1E81FAAA" box="[825,928,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<typeStatus id="232CE6A3FFEDFF95FCD6271A1EBAFAAA" box="[825,923,1361,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FC46271B1957FAAA" bold="true" box="[937,1142,1360,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SW Atlantic Ocean</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="84801891FFEDFF95FB6F271A19C7FAAB" box="[1152,1254,1361,1385]" name="Argentina" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Argentine</collectingCountry>
<location id="F9480EDAFFEDFF95FB05271A1805FAAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:743EE917FFEDFF90FCA126721FB4F952:F9480EDAFFEDFF95FB05271A1805FAAB" box="[1258,1316,1361,1385]" country="Argentina" name="Basin" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Basin</location>
, M 79-1 (
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FA6D271A1E69FA4A" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">DIVA 3</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="4CFF525CFFEDFF95FCB2273B1E5EFA05" collectingDate="2009-07-15" collectingDateMax="2009-07-16" collectingDateMin="2009-07-15" collectionCode="EBS" country="Argentina" elevation="4602" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" specimenCode="SMF 30634, SEM 1334" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
stn 533-1
<collectionCode id="9A86C0C4FFEDFF95FC2B273B1ED0FA4A" box="[964,1009,1392,1416]" collectionName="EBS" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">EBS</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FC14273B196AFA45" box="[1019,1099,1392,1416]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.601999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4602.0">
<elevation id="77BABF32FFEDFF95FC14273B196AFA45" box="[1019,1099,1392,1416]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.601999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4602.0">4602 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="88297EC1FFEDFF95FBBA273B19ECFA4A" box="[1109,1229,1392,1416]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-15">
<collectingDate id="986D8729FFEDFF95FBBA273B19ECFA4A" box="[1109,1229,1392,1416]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-15">15 Jul 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, four af original fixation formalin, now in 70% EtOH (
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FB9027C41821FA65" box="[1151,1280,1423,1447]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SMF 30634</specimenCode>
incl. one af
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FA6127C41E52FA05" collectionCode="SEM" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SEM 1334</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4CFF525CFFEDFF95FC6827E41E5EF9C7" collectingDate="2009-07-16" collectingDateMax="2009-07-16" collectingDateMin="2009-07-15" collectionCode="EBS" country="Argentina" elevation="4608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" specimenCode="SMF 30632, SEM 1335" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
stn 534-1
<collectionCode id="9A86C0C4FFEDFF95FC1F27E4193CFA05" box="[1008,1053,1455,1479]" collectionName="EBS" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">EBS</collectionCode>
,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FBC627E4195BFA04" box="[1065,1146,1455,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4608.0">
<elevation id="77BABF32FFEDFF95FBC627E4195BFA04" box="[1065,1146,1455,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4608.0">4608 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="88297EC1FFEDFF95FB6A27E419DEFA05" box="[1157,1279,1455,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-16">
<collectingDate id="986D8729FFEDFF95FB6A27E419DEFA05" box="[1157,1279,1455,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-16">16 Jul 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, six af, original fixation formalin, now in 70% EtOH (
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FB7427851836FA24" box="[1179,1303,1486,1510]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SMF 30632</specimenCode>
incl. one af
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FA6127851E52F9C7" collectionCode="SEM" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SEM 1335</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4CFF525CFFEDFF95FC6927A519CFF9E7" collectingDate="2009-07-16" collectingDateMax="2009-07-16" collectingDateMin="2009-07-15" collectionCode="EBS" country="Argentina" elevation="4608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" specimenCode="SMF 32277" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
stn 534-1
<collectionCode id="9A86C0C4FFEDFF95FC0127A6193AF9C7" box="[1006,1051,1517,1541]" collectionName="EBS" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">EBS</collectionCode>
,
<elevation id="77BABF32FFEDFF95FBCA27A61998F9C7" box="[1061,1209,1517,1541]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4608.0">
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FBCA27A61954F9C7" box="[1061,1141,1517,1541]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.608" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="4608.0">4608 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<date id="88297EC1FFEDFF95FB2C27A6181AF9C7" box="[1219,1339,1517,1541]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-16">
<collectingDate id="986D8729FFEDFF95FB2C27A6181AF9C7" box="[1219,1339,1517,1541]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" value="2009-07-16">16 Jul 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, one af, fixed in 96% EtOH, tissue sample (
<specimenCode id="AC31F07AFFEDFF95FB8C244619C7F9E7" box="[1123,1254,1549,1573]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">SMF 32277</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FCBA2467190BF960" blockId="27.[825,1474,1360,1698]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
Measurements for largest
<typeStatus id="232CE6A3FFEDFF95FBB124671996F986" box="[1118,1207,1580,1604]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(SMF 30632) af of about 19 chaetigers, length ~
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FBF12400197BF9A1" box="[1054,1114,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, width ~
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FB5F24001821F9A1" box="[1200,1280,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
(chaetae omiưed); other
<typeStatus id="232CE6A3FFEDFF95FC9724201EFAF941" box="[888,987,1643,1667]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
all af max. 21 chaetigers, between
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FAAA242018E3F940" box="[1349,1474,1643,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="0.9">0.9–4.7 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FC9D24C11ECCF963" box="[882,1005,1674,1698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF95FCD6248F19F0F8FB" blockId="27.[825,1475,1731,1975]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEDFF95FCD6248F1E91F919" box="[825,944,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Description:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="232CE6A3FFEDFF95FC582488193BF919" box="[951,1050,1731,1755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
anterior fragment with 21 chaetigers,
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FA4D24881E43F938" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FC2224A8193AF938" box="[973,1051,1763,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
long. Specimens between
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FAC324A81889F938" box="[1324,1448,1763,1787]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.9 mm</quantity>
in width, and up to
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFEDFF95FC0725491917F8DB" box="[1000,1078,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="933" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
long, all anterior fragments of max. 21 chaetigers. Body slender, subcylindrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEDFF93FCBA250A1973FA0D" blockId="27.[825,1475,1731,1975]" lastBlockId="29.[825,1474,1275,1988]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="935" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">
Prostomium bell-shaped with straight anterior margin extending into short rounded anterolateral projections (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEDFF95FA73252B1EA5F855" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Fig. 16A–C</figureCitation>
), short papilliform occipital antenna present (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEDFF95FAB425341890F855" box="[1371,1457,1919,1943]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="933">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
). Dorsal ciliated organs (suggested to represent nuchal organs) as dorsal ciliated grooves posterior to the prostomium (ciliation detectable with SEM), if viewed with LM appearing as thick straight double lines of ochre or yellow colour reaching the end of 2nd chaetiger (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEAFF92FC0F252B1972F8BA" box="[992,1107,1888,1912]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="934">Fig. 16B, C</figureCitation>
), sometimes outer margins of ciliated grooves demarcated and then appearing U-shaped. Eyes absent. Peristomium moderately developed. First parapodium oriented dorsolaterally, second laterally to almost completely laterally, thereaħer orientation of parapodia lateral (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FD4D27501DB5FA93" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Fig. 16A– D</figureCitation>
). Postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 1–4 narrow subulate in notopodia (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FEF427121CB7FAB3" box="[283,406,1369,1393]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FE4B27121CEEFAB3" box="[420,463,1369,1393]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17A</figureCitation>
), longest in first two to three chaetigers, thereaħer notopodial lamellae decreasing in length; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae in first chaetiger also subulate with broad base and slender tip, slightly shorter than in notopodium and less narrow (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FE41279C1F27FA2D" box="[430,518,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FDFE279C1F1AFA2D" box="[529,571,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17A</figureCitation>
), from 3rd chaetiger neuropodial lamellae distinctly shorter and more stout than notopodial lamellae, gradually changing into a subtriangular shape (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FF25247E1C04F98E" box="[202,293,1588,1613]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FEC0247E1C76F98F" box="[303,343,1589,1613]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17B</figureCitation>
); chaetigers 5–8 with short broad subulate notopodial lamella, sometimes distally with minute sharp tip, reduced neuropodial postchaetal lamella (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FDFB24381FAAF949" box="[532,651,1651,1675]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16D, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FD7A24381FE1F949" box="[661,704,1651,1675]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17C</figureCitation>
); from chaetiger 9 notopodial lamella low with short distal tapering, gradually base becoming more voluminous and the tip more slender and longer; from about chaetiger 14 throughout the end of the body with broad base and short cirriform tip, neuropodial lamella reduced (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FEDC255B1CAAF8EA" box="[307,395,1808,1832]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
). Chaetal spreader of the ‘0 + 1 type’ with semicircular glandular opening developed in chaetigers 5–7 (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FF6425051C36F8A5" box="[139,279,1870,1895]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Fig. 16D, F, G</figureCitation>
), in chaetiger 8 chaetal spreader present but with hole-like opening allowing the passage of only single bacillary chaeta (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FF3B25C61C0AF867" box="[212,299,1933,1957]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
); glandular organ of chaetigers 9–14 opens as a lateral vertical slit, without chaetal spreader. Ciliated patches might be observed laterally on neuropodia of chaetigers 4–9, with the highest number of patches in chaetigers 5–8 and up to seven patches arranged in less strict rows in a single neuropodium (
<tableCitation id="B1156DBAFFEBFF93FCAB27121EB1FAB3" box="[836,912,1369,1393]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="23.[130,185,1396,1420]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Table 6. Counts of lateral ciliated patches observed in neuropodia along chaetigers (Ch) of the middle body region in different specimens of Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. (P1–P7) and S. australis sp. nov.(A1–A4), together with calculated mean and median values" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A" pageId="29" pageNumber="935" tableUuid="A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A">Table 6</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FC7227121EC6FAB3" box="[925,999,1369,1393]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[113,178,717,741]" captionTargetBox="[157,1404,147,686]" captionTargetId="figure-716@24.[143,1429,144,690]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of lateral ciliated patches in neuropodia along chaetigers of the middle body region in Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. and S. australis sp. nov.; trendlines of calculated mean and median values for counted patches also shown; character only reliably observable in formalin fixed specimens examined with SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470401/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FC1C27121977FAB3" box="[1011,1110,1369,1393]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">16D, F, G</figureCitation>
; see discussion regarding this character above for
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFEBFF93FC3B27331962FA52" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" box="[980,1091,1400,1424]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="29" pageNumber="935" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEBFF93FC3B27331962FA52" box="[980,1091,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Spiophanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Ventrolateral intersegmental genital pouches absent. Dorsal crests not observed but none of the specimens very well preserved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8E80889FFEAFF92FF9E240D198FF8E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="934" startId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" targetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEAFF92FF9E240D198FF8E1" blockId="28.[113,1443,1606,1827]" pageId="28" pageNumber="934">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEAFF92FF9E240D1DF7F99C" bold="true" box="[113,214,1606,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="934">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFEAFF92FF35240D1CB3F99C" authority="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege, 2023" authorityName="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege" authorityYear="2023" box="[218,402,1606,1630]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="28" pageNumber="934" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEAFF92FF35240D1CB3F99C" box="[218,402,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="934">Spiophanes australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5D03968FFEAFF92FE79240C1CFFF99C" box="[406,478,1607,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="934" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs. D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger. E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland. G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin. Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A8E80889FFEBFF93FF6E26CA1803FB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935" startId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" targetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEBFF93FF6E26CA1803FB13" blockId="29.[129,1463,1153,1233]" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEBFF93FF6E26CA1DC4FB5B" bold="true" box="[129,229,1153,1177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFEBFF93FF0626CA1C80FB5B" authority="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege, 2023" authorityName="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege" authorityYear="2023" box="[233,417,1153,1177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="29" pageNumber="935" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFEBFF93FF0626CA1C80FB5B" box="[233,417,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Spiophanes australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5D03968FFEBFF93FE4A26CA1CCEFB5A" box="[421,495,1153,1176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="935" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger. C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype. Scale Bars: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFEBFF90FCBA279D1FE7FDC3" blockId="29.[825,1474,1275,1988]" lastBlockId="30.[113,763,144,513]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="936" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">
Chaetiger 1 bearing one or two stout, crook-like chaetae in neuropodium. Other chaetae in chaetigers 1–4 capillaries, in neuropodia arranged in two rows with chaetae in anterior row shorter and appearing slightly granulated when viewed with light microscopy, in second row longer and smooth, in notopodia arranged in a tuħ or forming irregular rows; from chaetiger 4 inferior sabre chaeta present, stout and granulated near the tip, sabre chaeta of considerable length, becoming shorter in middle and posterior chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FBD2249A1994F92A" box="[1085,1205,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FB2F249A1825F92A" box="[1216,1284,1745,1769]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17A, B</figureCitation>
). Chaetigers 5–14 with stout granulated, narrow bilimbate neurochaetae, arranged in one (to two) row; notochaetae both granulated and smooth capillaries arranged in two to three irregular rows, longest chaetae in superior position (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FB8A250519D7F8A4" box="[1125,1270,1870,1894]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">Figs 16D, F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFEBFF93FAEE2505180CF8A4" box="[1281,1325,1870,1894]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="935">17C</figureCitation>
). Posterior region starting at chaetiger 15 with first presence of neuropodial quadridentate hooks with main fang surmounted by single tooth and two smaller teeth in parallel position in uppermost position, hooks with half-hood from the tip of the main fang to the shaħ, usually four (rarely three) hooks arranged in one row (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FF9322841DF9FF25" box="[124,216,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Figs 16E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FF0822841C32FF25" box="[231,275,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">17D</figureCitation>
); single accompanying capillary next to sabre chaetae present; notopodia with slightly granulated capillaries arranged in a tuħ, oħen broken but also distinctly longer if intact (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FF4723661C20FE87" box="[168,257,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[129,194,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[403,1196,150,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-488@29.[401,1201,144,1125]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Spiophanes australis sp. nov.: A, parapodium from 2nd chaetiger. B, same from 4th chaetiger.C, same from 8th chaetiger; glandular organ detectable inside the neuropodium, two bacillary chaetae emerging laterally from hole-like opening. D, parapodium from 15th chaetiger with four neuropodial hooks (mostly seen subepidermally). All anterior view. A–D, SMF 30634, paratype.Scale Bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470409/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
). Bacillary chaetae as thin, hirsute bristles can be exposed on chaetigers 5–8 though more numerous in chaetigers 5–7 compared to chaetiger 8 and here never protruding. Ventral sabre chaetae from chaetiger 4, of conspicuous length in anterior and middle chaetigers, shorter in hook-bearing chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FD3B23E11DE1FE23" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Fig. 16D–G</figureCitation>
); appearing granulated near the tip under light microscope. Pygidium unknown since all specimens incomplete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E20681C96FD9B" blockId="30.[113,763,546,602]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E20681DDAFDF8" box="[113,251,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Pigmentation:</emphasis>
Only yellowish pigment associated with nuchal organ discernable (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FEDA200A1C87FD9B" box="[309,422,577,601]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="28.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-65@28.[146,1426,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 16. Spiophanes australis sp. nov., LM and SEM studies: A, prostomium and anteriormost chaetigers, antero-oblique view; note short papilliform occipital antenna; crook-like chaeta lost on right side in first neuropodium. B, anterior region, dorsal view; note nuchal organ with associated yellow pigment. C, same but different specimen; note well-preserved nuchal organs.D, parapodia of chaetigers 4–7, lateral view; note sabre chaeta at 4th chaetiger, and vertical row of ciliated patches at chaetigers 5–6/7, arrowhead pointing at 2nd patch in line (counted from above) at 5th chaetiger.E, neuropodial quadridentate hooks with half-hood in chaetiger 15; note four hooks arranged in a row. F, chaetiger 7, lateral view; note ciliated patches and opening of glandular organ with bacillary chaetae protruding from inside the gland.G, chaetigers 7–8, lateral view; note reduced number of ciliated patches in chaetiger 8.—A, B, E, paratypes SMF 30634 (SEM stub 1334); C, holotype SMF 30647; D, F, G, SMF 30632; all Argentine Basin.Scale Bars: A–C, 100 µm; D, G, 20 µm; E, F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470407/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Fig. 16B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E20301FDAFD70" blockId="30.[113,763,635,690]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E20301CB4FD50" box="[113,405,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Methyl green staining pattern:</emphasis>
Chaetigers of the anterior middle body region, and particularly chaetiger 8, most intensely stained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E20981DEAFCC9" blockId="30.[113,763,723,779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E20981DE3FD29" box="[113,194,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Biology:</emphasis>
None of the studied specimens was observed bearing gametes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E21671C31FB7E" blockId="30.[113,763,812,1212]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E21671DEEFC86" box="[113,207,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Remarks:</emphasis>
The species is morphologically very similar to other congeners from the deep-sea also discussed in this paper:
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FD0721071DE2FC41" authority="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege, 2023" authorityName="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege" authorityYear="2023" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD0721071DE2FC41" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">S. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5D03968FFE8FF90FF3F21201C02FC40" box="[208,291,875,898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(found at different localities in the Pacific Ocean) and
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FF1C21C11CA8FC60" authorityName="Meissner" authorityYear="2005" box="[243,393,906,930]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longisetus">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF1C21C11C24FC63" box="[243,261,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FEC421C11CA8FC60" box="[299,393,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">longisetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(found at more northerly locations of the Atlantic Ocean and perhaps synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FD6121E11C31FC23" authority="Maciolek, 2000" authorityName="Maciolek" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD6121E11FDBFC03" box="[654,762,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">S. abyssalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="980625F0FFE8FF90FF9E21831C31FC23" author="Maciolek NJ" box="[113,272,968,993]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" pagination="529 - 47" refId="ref31080" refString="Maciolek NJ. New species and records of Aonidella, Laonice, and Spiophanes (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from shelf and slope depths of the western North Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 2000; 67: 529 - 47." type="journal article" year="2000">Maciolek, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the NE Atlantic, see Remarks below for
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FD0721821CA8FBC2" authority="Meissner, 2005" authorityName="Meissner" authorityYear="2005" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longisetus">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD0721821FD4FC22" box="[744,757,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF6021A31DCCFBC2" box="[143,237,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">longisetus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="980625F0FFE8FF90FF1D21A31CA8FBC2" author="Meissner K" box="[242,393,1000,1024]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" pagination="3 - 65" refId="ref31187" refString="Meissner K. Revision of the genus Spiophanes (Polychaeta, Spionidae); with new synonymies, new records and descriptions of new species. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 2005; 81: 3 - 65." type="journal article" year="2005">Meissner, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The species are best distinguished by the distribution of lateral neuropodial ciliated patches along the middle body region (
<tableCitation id="B1156DBAFFE8FF90FE93266D1CEBFBFC" box="[380,458,1062,1086]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="23.[130,185,1396,1420]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Table 6. Counts of lateral ciliated patches observed in neuropodia along chaetigers (Ch) of the middle body region in different specimens of Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. (P1–P7) and S. australis sp. nov.(A1–A4), together with calculated mean and median values" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" tableUuid="A8E80889FFE1FF99FF6D273F19C8FA6A">Table 6</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FE35266D1F03FBFD" box="[474,546,1062,1087]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[113,178,717,741]" captionTargetBox="[157,1404,147,686]" captionTargetId="figure-716@24.[143,1429,144,690]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of lateral ciliated patches in neuropodia along chaetigers of the middle body region in Spiophanes pacificus sp. nov. and S. australis sp. nov.; trendlines of calculated mean and median values for counted patches also shown; character only reliably observable in formalin fixed specimens examined with SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470401/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) and the number of neuropodial hooks (see above introductory paragraph under
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FF9E262E1DC1FBBF" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" box="[113,224,1125,1149]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E262E1DC1FBBF" box="[113,224,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Spiophanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for details of morphological distinction). The species can also be distinguished based on information from molecular markers (
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF3B26EF1C21FB79" box="[212,256,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">COI</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E26AB1C94FA95" blockId="30.[113,763,1248,1367]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E26AB1DC0FB3A" box="[113,225,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FE4C26AB1F11FB3A" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[419,560,1248,1272]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FE4C26AB1CD4FB3A" box="[419,501,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">australis</emphasis>
Latin
</taxonomicName>
(=southern); refers to the known distribution of the species in soħ boưom habitats of the South Atlantic Ocean and probably also in adjacent Antarctic waters (Weddell Sea).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC285801FFE8FF90FF9E27351FB4F952" blockId="30.[113,763,1406,1680]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FF9E27351DCEFA54" box="[113,239,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Distribution:</emphasis>
The species has been collected from soħ boưoms of
<collectingCountry id="84801891FFE8FF90FF9E27D61DDDFA77" box="[113,252,1437,1461]" name="Argentina" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
Basin in the SW Atlantic Ocean (
<figureCitation id="64AC4484FFE8FF90FDAA27D61F5AFA77" box="[581,635,1437,1461]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,192,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[265,1334,158,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[262,1341,149,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Geographic distribution and median-joining COI haplotype networks for Spiophanes spp.. The colour-code in the network corresponds to the geographic localities, each vertical linerepresents one mutational step and the size of each haplotype its frequency.Spiophanes adriaticus D’Alessandro etal., 2019from shallow waters of the Adriatic Sea is also displayed because sequence information deposited for this species suggest a close relationship to S. pacificus (which seems dubious).Haplotypes are numered 1–30, details are listed in the Supporting Information, Table S2. Dataavailable came from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; type localities of S. longisetus and S. abyssalis are located in the North Atlantic Ocean, those of S.australis sp.nov.is in the Argentine Basin and of S. pacificus sp.nov.in the NW Pacific,each indicated by colour-coded asterisks." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470383/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">Fig.5</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="B1156DBAFFE8FF90FF1727F71C6EFA17" box="[248,335,1468,1493]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[113,168,1499,1523]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. COI Intra- and interspecific uncorrected p-distances in percent for all studied species of Goniadidae" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8E80889FFFEFF86FF9E2790194FFA31" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" tableUuid="A8E80889FFFEFF86FF9E2790194FFA31">Table S2</tableCitation>
). Water depth was about
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFE8FF90FDA127F71FBCFA16" box="[590,669,1468,1492]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" unit="m" value="4600.0">4600 m</quantity>
. The species probably also occurs in more southerly waters but this only refers to preliminary identification of specimens collected in the Weddell Sea at
<quantity id="3B6FF5E4FFE8FF90FEE524511C76F9F0" box="[266,343,1562,1586]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.046" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" unit="m" value="2046.0">2046 m</quantity>
water depth. Since the acquisition of
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD2124501FDBF9F0" box="[718,762,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">COI</emphasis>
molecular markers failed the specimen is listed as
<taxonomicName id="3B972382FFE8FF90FD9D24711FDAF990" authority="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege, 2023" authorityName="Meissner &amp; Schwentner &amp; Göưing &amp; Fiege" authorityYear="2023" box="[626,763,1594,1618]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD9D24711F5EF993" box="[626,639,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="CEE38413FFE8FF90FD4624711FDAF990" box="[681,763,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="936">australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5D03968FFE8FF90FF9E24111DE3F9B3" box="[113,194,1626,1649]" pageId="30" pageNumber="936" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and gained 18S sequences are deposited in GenBank under this name. Tissue all used in molecular analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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