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<document id="229A9047A6041F2B40321CBD5D1FC9DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="298100" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740" ID-GBIF-Dataset="645fb705-3c65-4283-9f85-8b6304e80251" ID-PMC="PMC11176812" ID-PubMed="38882564" ID-ZooBank="34FB4522-549E-48D1-9E88-B9165112E9CC" ID-publisher-id="123740" URI-arpha="3B63BDE2-2D64-5B8C-AB75-8B445854EEBB" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/34FB4522-549E-48D1-9E88-B9165112E9CC" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1717680123606" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="He, Zhixin, Burckhardt, Daniel, Luo, Xinyu, Xu, Rongzhen, Cai, Wanzhi &amp; Song, Fan" docDate="2024" docId="6B43D5595AAB5F7F8550F5DCB0BFCE7B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1204: 191-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1204" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123740/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6F961330-7600-4B39-9885-BBC1F01FF45F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="3B63BDE22D645B8CAB758B445854EEBB" masterDocTitle="Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., a new psylloid species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Liviidae) from China developing on Grewia sp. (Malvaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="191" updateTime="1728513035937" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="70134CE235E8FFDD7AD344121B1BB546" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="54C7233285B5910B0CC824B9516A15CA">
<mods:title id="00852E944780808024653E1EA7FF9AD3">Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., a new psylloid species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Liviidae) from China developing on Grewia sp. (Malvaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="314676214D993D39D838538AC0573919" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DAA8E1CED788FB4D24E90BDFD1E1DB4C">
<mods:roleTerm id="FC793F3B2745420610527D746B0D58A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FB16FAAFC379F1B02A61663B2BEFC2C7">He, Zhixin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="670BAAF298029F568D3820AC4CD64433" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9148-8157</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AB85EC025A1FE3F96C5056FDFB603ADB">Department of Entomology &amp; MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD88C9E411FCA417B8A94F7E98DCD6DA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="00052A036F9663755E3B6E4AAD1447A8">
<mods:roleTerm id="F32E36D29D17709225383188F0C86DBB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6FB0CEC0953B12344FD87EEC2B7219DA">Burckhardt, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="40B15C9DA047E8EBA3AE924FC0241E6E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8368-5268</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="29B44D037EAC6589ABD93E6CAD8EDA94">Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, 4001 Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E7D08967F46D8CDAA77F7A29758571C8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="07C3FEDCDCC44035C6606603D892965A">
<mods:roleTerm id="4CE13BBDA9BBE9920B7B0E729270A81C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3EEA9CB337A2B9506C1531614C69EBE7">Luo, Xinyu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="573356D9289B9ADF878D361DCB0DCBED" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0412-353X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2FC9E9F690AEA4DFA2DC5844F4B063FC">Department of Entomology &amp; MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="095C2AFC9712107F68A8BF9AAE991817" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F731245CD5A4B3224D3ADFE3B6EB9721">
<mods:roleTerm id="02637ED2ABB58C9E5BDC0508919A7669">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A02402B36DA83B90A152613556FE865B">Xu, Rongzhen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8DA06F1571410995D854BC2B2DB1BB2" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1831-2328</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="183C504C69530890A48CA0FFAAE8CBD3">Department of Entomology &amp; MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="00D0F870ECB62CE91DA75C40D42D8649" type="personal">
<mods:role id="477071F61ED0B8E21CE096C176C78877">
<mods:roleTerm id="6DAEA386B48DE9446A650F43BFE66402">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EC46618D3AF78BB6A8C33F708A173388">Cai, Wanzhi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E0F643480DF639F671A6CD667428249A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8620-0446</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1D61ED1D9067AC80EEBBD90AF73FB120">Department of Entomology &amp; MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B6E56F768D3DB769EAD83DEFECED3D93" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9177469E2DB1537C159363F87E5C54AD">
<mods:roleTerm id="C1FBDD5BBC9D8CE479D6A204C5D7648C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0EA93139837D4FE6F63487488454B45D">Song, Fan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="46675CC569CED37FDBF5992B2CBE4507" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2900-4174</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A242592FA3B2D0E7B82834BB2F25727F">Department of Entomology &amp; MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E6543E0FA911CE48B0354C21DE0B76A3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="801D8E3CF6C1BC9CEB953B0823CEB8C9">
<mods:title id="B6C980DA6363516164AEA99887B0A9F0">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3F65D62C206B37B64A892BE110A3B8D8">
<mods:date id="F537956D57BB70EE10CE100703A4D049">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="620F49E1DE6450745099F6616F4EE7B2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3F413ADFFDA26DFFD4D115850E68CB95">2024-06-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="722394D646E8E249A71E2A19202623CD" type="volume">
<mods:number id="35BEB131A2666DD00726E608AAC585DC">1204</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="375106DB34EBE7D3EF3D64E74D2E7290">191</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D4B77184735D2233428CA7EF9E5094F0">198</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AEE106B62FFC7191A88B3BB4B8F31DA0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F93AB9DE1E8F33A333FEF46A15786780" type="CLB-Dataset">298100</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3275B882E590712EF82190EBCAB3D877" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5227AFC2BA66F3EB675436FFDA575A6" type="GBIF-Dataset">645fb705-3c65-4283-9f85-8b6304e80251</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="537A40F3741CCBB105F003700914E9EF" type="PMC">PMC11176812</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4459F6C3B82C45F56595FF9933D1223D" type="PubMed">38882564</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41622E5DEEE8E3F02AB1C7E414C3E640" type="ZooBank">34FB4522-549E-48D1-9E88-B9165112E9CC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6B43D5595AAB5F7F8550F5DCB0BFCE7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11505159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232155294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11505159" ID-arpha="6B43D559-5AAB-5F7F-8550-F5DCB0BFCE7B" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/6F961330-7600-4B39-9885-BBC1F01FF45F" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F961330-7600-4B39-9885-BBC1F01FF45F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F961330-7600-4B39-9885-BBC1F01FF45F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B43D5595AAB5F7F8550F5DCB0BFCE7B">
<subSubSection id="7858D7BF921F740D7E17CE9ED959AACA" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F2038C4687D23F8866CF1BDBB9B9CAA6">
<taxonomicName id="2DE41AF8FBDD3F3ABCAFB70C7C9E687B" authority="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="20728E1EC7EDB76486AB8F684DB2FC65" italics="true">
<trouble id="305BE2E01A0256982E385E598C524C21">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
He &amp; Burckhardt
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="196B148EE1AB97CABB8DD8074F5E4FD7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D6E834EAC862FA0849CE57BCE9332EF" type="description">
<paragraph id="83758A362EF1D432D386CCAF0136C057">
<figureCitation id="28FE7D268A43D185B439A0101DF15756" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of adults of Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063083">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9C587ED6A14E28CBECC56A6DD4F0BC0E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2A54E49818CC4E77C4AB1E69EA2ABC86" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXMAC" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="2FB1612C68C28F17809BF2394AD3B7AB">
<heading id="0EF4F1E78A1D96F71213EAE76502C031" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821EB3BD756C4BCB97098562D0DB61E7">
<collectingCountry id="CC9F3BBD2E854545AC36BE02FB76C2E4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC85C508372A2E3159F009A856B26676" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
: Ledong County, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EANAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.422500,19.240000]}">18 ° 74 ' 24 &quot; N, 108 ° 84 ' 81 &quot; E</named-content>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFNAC" type="type material">
<paragraph id="B0718482FE72FBEA2D3056F4A367D814">
<heading id="F5856F699E55450484FD8EAA6437BBA5" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B895F396E28829D1E7E58196012D477E">
<materialsCitation id="356E88691639C8F4BDB525FA841281DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873741301" collectedFrom="on Grewia cf. chuniana" collectingDate="2016-04-24" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="X. - Y. Luo" country="China" county="Ledong County" location="Mingfenggu" municipality="Jianfengling" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="9B32B88A2CD3EEBA311E430B1FD4D52C" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="20058659B9C817AB078859B68C8B4EC8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="3380EC521AD22ECF9283534D31096D0E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="F2E2812D111E3169A1EA6479540AB307" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="416D0238ECDD29023DBC5F9F79368FF3" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="1CF66F1E8D925C75571E277E332E4235">Ledong County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E4A82CBDF7D6B984B24F00249CE9240B">Jianfengling</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="34552244F46B272C5F5F4CACF38D5022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B43D5595AAB5F7F8550F5DCB0BFCE7B:34552244F46B272C5F5F4CACF38D5022" country="China" county="Ledong County" municipality="Jianfengling" name="Mingfenggu" stateProvince="Hainan">Mingfenggu</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ETNAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.422500,19.240000]}">18 ° 74 ' 24 &quot; N, 108 ° 84 ' 81 &quot; E</named-content>
;
<date id="5425E7691BE49EFF724B65EDB8102B33" value="2016-04-24">
<collectingDate id="B0FB3D12CFD99FB654A733836D658729" value="2016-04-24">24 Apr. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="DCCB36234C34D8BA8A496CD4F7C7899E">X. - Y. Luo</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="9B63713D549ADDF722556439B4BE6280">
on
<taxonomicName id="BB9B567EBCFF8E7429BB073CE58139D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chuniana">
<emphasis id="03C8ABD88F9FCB672AAC232875A0DEEA" italics="true">Grewia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="82D1312D4AB1A7D2B6C7FD979ED8AE41" italics="true">chuniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
;
<named-content id="88BE8E7130BAC25DD56978EF0CF4AB9A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/china-agricultural-university" xlink_title="Entomological Museum of the China Agricultural University, Beijing, China">
<collectionCode id="00944ACF8127512C06EA9B88E69829FD" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" type="">CAU</collectionCode>
</named-content>
, dry mounted
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="E49EE3FAA4F6500563F7FEE735DA9F18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873741302" collectedFrom="on Grewia cf. chuniana" collectingDate="2016-04-24" collectionCode="CAU, NHMB" collectorName="Luo" country="China" county="Ledong County" location="China" municipality="Jianfengling" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-immature="12" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B438A16C7B83CCE5D36A00CFC0F249E3" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="C8A2501EA58B0FC07B36C6E2C7768DAD" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="AC6521FA304DBED1B633CDC43C8D38C7" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="5F75572486D19C393704697C36BD35A4" count="2" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="366A61DF6CFCFC7C4DDA15783B932A6A" count="7" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="4C5A8CEE1718B171F32A737E1B13F199" count="12" type="immature">12 immatures</specimenCount>
; same data as holotype;
<named-content id="6E743D12A2394AFB6C494484D4E116A1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/china-agricultural-university" xlink_title="Entomological Museum of the China Agricultural University, Beijing, China">
<collectionCode id="6EDE1E4756734627D9DDCAF7C4A3F5B3" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" type="">CAU</collectionCode>
</named-content>
,
<named-content id="38ACD59D853DD7B4584E19EA4691339F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-basel" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland">
<collectionCode id="D36FB4C7BB171F45C805D24B92CF0B33" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" type="">NHMB</collectionCode>
</named-content>
, dry and slide mounted, and in 95 % ethanol
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXOAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BFFD2740EA40682660E38FDD2B2F5BB7">
<heading id="30F005F758CDE3983B8151B18AFDA291" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4ABE7FF771532BCD8B41B27A190D2CD">Adult. Body yellowish brown with small dark brown dots; forewing with each a broad medial and subapical light brown band and small, dark brown irregular spots. Metatibia with 3 + 4 grouped apical metatibial spurs separated by five unsclerotised bristle-like setae anteriorly. Forewing oval, widest in apical third; pterostigma long, strongly widening to middle; surface spinules present in all cells, covering membrane up to the veins; irregularly spaced to form groups of 5–6 spinules. Male proctiger weakly expanded posteriorly. Paramere, in lateral view, subrectangular with antero-apical sclerotised tooth. Aedeagus two-segmented; distal segment lacking ventral process. Female proctiger with relatively straight dorsal margin; apex obliquely truncate. Circumanal ring cruciform. – Fifth instar immature. Antenna 10 - segmented. Forewing pad with 5 marginal subacute sectasetae. Tarsal arolium narrowly lamellar, widening to apex which is rounded; about twice as long as claws. Caudal plate with anterior margin distant from anterior margin of extra pore fields; with 2 lateral sectasetae on either side near fore margin, and three pointed sectasetae on either side of circumanal ring dorsally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3OAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="E807F2A1AD346FB5F4025B9BA1F9C194">
<heading id="00F3D16924F60075DBEBE289F36409D4" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48E7D502057A53955C066E3E348D183D">
<emphasis id="9AA77DBED6197EFDBC36165A7FA7E618" bold="true">
Adult.
<emphasis id="FF537A779C7A1978B817DFA78E8E49FC" bold="true" italics="true">Colouration</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="24DD8101812BD4E29977B5052A29928E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of adults of Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063083">1 A, B</figureCitation>
) yellowish brown. Head and thorax covered with sparse small brown dots. Antenna yellow to yellowish brown, with apices of segments
<collectionCode id="8537DCFD3C6DAC0F259B00D47BB4F74E">IV</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="5EB05EB95948D90727389C312732C493">IX</collectionCode>
and entire segment X dark brown to black. Femora with brown spots. Forewing yellowish with light brown pattern consisting of each a broad medial and subapical band and small, brown irregular spots, veins pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<caption id="05358192BB01AF5E155867A94BCB3D57" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure1" ID-arpha="984BD09F-5DF5-5890-8ADB-68CA1281A252" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063083" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="9502D1087C41B185CD691F2F564CA4E5">
<label id="D5E2F0C0FF85535EBCD41192F0D0B819">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D2B578530149EC61B37C7D39821549C">
Habitus of adults of
<taxonomicName id="C3F93A9CDFFDDC57719DC654B2881B44" authority="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CED9C3EAD9E31F9E10BF033ADA20862" italics="true">
<trouble id="49E2CB5411C414723BF235EB4E37F1E5">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
He &amp; Burckhardt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="756F16D53E9750442D9AF3CE526F9132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="46B5BEBA0F144AC97F95B5BA3284636D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="C81CF28F5BC80169FBFB50713A43FBF3" bold="true">B</emphasis>
lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="715249641091029BE8760D536A3C6929">
<emphasis id="7AB653947C994B3CA0174B90C57C9DFB" bold="true">
<emphasis id="4DB66D50585D6419B260EFDFD13D3EB6" bold="true" italics="true">Structure</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Head, in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A4E7A73D3AA9594010E0112771159A23" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of adults of Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063083">1 B</figureCitation>
), inclined at 45 ° from longitudinal body axis; in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BA148C0EE991D26CE2B1F59475316C8D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of adults of Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063083">1 A</figureCitation>
), about as wide as mesoscutum. Vertex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="33774F3B2A0E85DA576146E1CC841E58" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 A</figureCitation>
) subrectangular, about half as long as wide; surface with fine microsculpture and microscopical setae; median suture developed; posterior margin weakly concave. Genae weakly rounded, with each a pair of long setae on either side of frons (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CAD55CBCFC5EABD88789BAEC3E3BE4DD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 A</figureCitation>
). Frons relatively large, triangular. Eyes hemisphaerical. Antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A9151F152DF4DEFF54FE74873BD87210" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 B</figureCitation>
) 1.7–1.8 times as long as head width, with a single, large subapical rhinarium on each of segments
<collectionCode id="410E91628C972B2300A48C1B21DCE51A">IV</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="10C68572CB96B9C739675E2A300B25F8" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="7095E7C80372971D49A1A74ECCD7E6FD">VIII</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="90D9244C7B6F05B214AD7EDE9232BCBE">IX</collectionCode>
; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.4; relative length of segment 10 and terminal setae as 1.0: 1.3: 1.1. Clypeus flattened, in ventral view almost triangular. Thorax distinctly arched, with fine microsculpture; mesoscutellum swollen; metapostnotum with small subacute, laterally compressed tooth. Metacoxa with relatively short horn-shaped, blunt meracanthus; metatibia 1.0 times as long as head width, slender, weakly expanded apically; with 3 + 4 grouped apical metatibial spurs separated by five unsclerotised bristle-like setae anteriorly. Forewing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="57C1977DE103B235FCFA98916A91A306" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 C</figureCitation>
) 2.7–3.1 times as long as head width, 1.6–1.8 times as long as wide, oval, widest in apical third; wing apex in the middle of cell r
<subScript id="4BFE09DDA577A0972CD4A1236D0409DF">2</subScript>
; veins densely clothed in conspicuous setae; vein
<collectionCode id="15D34B2457FBCD08824FCDF79F60EA7C" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
+ Sc straight in basal two thirds, strongly bent in apical third; pterostigma long, strongly widening to middle; vein Rs relatively straight in the middle, curved in a 30 ° angle to costal margin apically; vein
<collectionCode id="4EAD8991980F55BEDECBC8EA4FBA7F03" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
weakly, irregularly curved; veins
<collectionCode id="7F9B2098D1D7E06A2CAB2F742D0D5D60" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
<subScript id="78B5B2802152ECF859534D7B29622D2D">1 + 2</subScript>
and
<collectionCode id="09181A3D5EF3E0ED873DBB9133EB4056" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
<subScript id="14BEE4C522048F216F09F1FB5E23B730">3 + 4</subScript>
slightly shorter than
<collectionCode id="6F750FC517F4166821E86B003238081F" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
; vein Cu shorter than
<collectionCode id="A2283688970B576457D49FB6E08C0459" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
+ Cu; vein Cu
<subScript id="478D97BD0CF37FD783C446FB0CFB61C6">1 a</subScript>
evenly curved; vein Cu
<subScript id="79B419F8563236A8A23226D398F726E6">1 b</subScript>
straight, slightly shorter than Cu; surface spinules present in all cells, covering membrane up to the veins, along veins slightly finer; irregularly spaced to form groups of 5–6 spinules. Hindwing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B454CE6B1E46E706F2C67D3B03BF2239" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 D</figureCitation>
) slightly shorter than forewing, with indistinctly grouped costal setae. Visible abdominal tergites III –
<collectionCode id="5FFC22B645608A693B256FB4306E26ED" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
with a tubercular bump in the middle in both sexes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6D466C83A3EE77DD4C9F6C312D3E1110" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" ID-arpha="5CE9E3B7-E07D-5605-923E-0D9FDE929AC0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="F61DB5F4357A3A83845AA5BFA8059138">
<label id="018857760C8BA963F8D7B297539354D7">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62C7E802AE1634AF1593FB70584585D0">
<taxonomicName id="21ED6166F09447C12B08A74F631A4933" authority="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CA88C0EA03FF4D21D2D94E7AFBFA7D3" italics="true">
<trouble id="129BCA354A4FB3CE0B0D5B02B11D6CFD">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
He &amp; Burckhardt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60EC0732F4CA6629CB6050943265B427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, adult
<emphasis id="81DBAD9655C21473C7FDE032B6F1664A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis id="41526FAED126F43577A139DC4E33B048" bold="true">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="25AB5095B5EE2613C9E917FB701F5AE4" bold="true">C</emphasis>
forewing
<emphasis id="0D6566F7DBDD15713D228606D33E00A2" bold="true">D</emphasis>
hindwing
<emphasis id="950DBF893FC6C78B0EB50C08E1927A6A" bold="true">E</emphasis>
male terminalia
<emphasis id="563248BA3E527EF268566E6490CEDAE8" bold="true">F</emphasis>
inner face of paramere
<emphasis id="E92380CE60074012B115C50175412DC4" bold="true">G</emphasis>
female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (
<emphasis id="E0CCC1E7739A1C14B35FE3D27E0E053D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 0.3 mm (
<emphasis id="BD62B108AC4E635BE054BB68EA40CB98" bold="true">B</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="58C7FA9E922713CCF9E4B5D1417650AE" bold="true">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="EBF96C5867DB087D9D34561FAD1E95B8" bold="true">D</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="9BAA36C1C7F57D0148ECEF5F367D020C" bold="true">E</emphasis>
–
<emphasis id="C02DE58E9DDD3EEEEBAC0D855F75E372" bold="true">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DB60CDF642792C7D82488AB7D9EB9170">
<emphasis id="1083B8AA660E7011380AD600C8ACCFCB" bold="true" italics="true">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="67A5CA7319409D7F13A63F1784C0F35B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 E – G</figureCitation>
). Male proctiger (Fig.
<figureCitation id="681F113DF1FABF0EF063A5FB7162A217" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 E</figureCitation>
) 1.2–1.3 times as long as head width, broad with posterior margin produced; in lateral view, widest in basal third. Subgenital plate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="02717A905B01734BAB57D61F9617C8C5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 E</figureCitation>
) subglobular, weakly irregularly curved dorsally. Paramere (Fig.
<figureCitation id="35D8E3443297BDC78F5D9FA7F32A88D7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 E, F</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, subrectangular with antero-apical, partly sclerotised tooth-like process; posterior margin weakly sinuate; outer and inner face covered in long setae in apical half, denser on inner face and along apical and posterior margins. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1E4B46F2DBED7660CFE792D29A62BD0B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 E</figureCitation>
) two-segmented; distal segment, in lateral view, tubular and slightly angular postero-apically, lacking ventral process; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius moderately long, relatively straight. – Female terminalia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DE0E8C5299F29B6F2164F9D25D0A55A5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., adult A head B antenna C forewing D hindwing E male terminalia F inner face of paramere G female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E – G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063084">2 G</figureCitation>
) cuneate, moderately long. Proctiger 0.4 times as long as head width; in lateral view, dorsal margin, distal to circumanal ring, almost straight; with a transverse row of long setae in the middle and a lateral longitudinal row of long setae on either side in apical third; apex, in lateral view, obliquely truncate, apex slightly upturned. Circumanal ring 0.4 times as long as proctiger; in dorsal view, cruciform. Subgenital plate 0.6 times as long as proctiger; irregularly narrowing to pointed apex, in lateral view; beset with long setae in apical two thirds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="583B898C45051FD71B7240E5343B18F1">
<emphasis id="3FC61C25CB2CA46BD2F160D993CBE33A" bold="true" italics="true">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm;
<specimenCount id="0DBCA1C003BD20F4E3BAFE0A0E22B2D9" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="79297046739CE1FFE9DA539A80D03769" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
). Total body length measured from anterior margin of vertex to tip of folded forewing
<specimenCount id="57C04D82615489A34A01D9E5529D6B7D" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2.31–2.52,
<specimenCount id="9D88B9519D5A978BF3B14CF89719F752" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2.42–2.68; antennal length
<specimenCount id="30A05A3178219B22C4B6C5CFF7C8861B" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.23–1.31,
<specimenCount id="CFA5082819AF87CEF4AC04082C8713BB" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.24–1.34; metatibia length
<specimenCount id="7D3BB78DD57EE804662B846EFA64DBB4" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
0.70–0.73,
<specimenCount id="018B19EED78C0F48B822B6A5A557F13B" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.72–0.74; forewing length
<specimenCount id="5B5D1D5B2889A6172FDB1B04AC639BB7" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.87–2.12,
<specimenCount id="E175B649D933ACB6871AB331434A44BF" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.96–2.26; proctiger length
<specimenCount id="A19761DE931827E5BDD66F6B592472A3" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
0.15–0.16
<specimenCount id="1F41771C310ED425892FFAEA4EAA1447" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.26–0.28; paramere length 0.12–0.13; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.13–0.14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C207F55DFA2BF6217CF9236CFB4B9AA">
Fifth instar immature (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6950472E4D32DAFFA53031A4B4316AAD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3</figureCitation>
). Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E852A5901A09E1DA62A341FA06999116" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3 C</figureCitation>
) 1.1–1.2 times as long as wide; sparsely covered in microscopic setae. Antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="050D3ADC9E1524A47129313804F87E0E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3 A</figureCitation>
) 10 - segmented with a subapical rhinarium on each of segments
<collectionCode id="A2E2470DD6F1BC4D7FAE5D963ECBD871">IV</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="047C176517B6374F5B8364A916FFABBC" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="51367A3961AC8E98BF7962B0BCAEA945">VIII</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="3F8722386892DE326321504166A473B7">IX</collectionCode>
, and following numbers of subacute sectasetae: 1 (0), 2 (2), 3 (0), 4 (2), 5 (0), 6 (2), 7 (1), 8 (1), 9 (0), 10 (0). Legs moderately long with 4–5 subacute sectasetae on tibiotarsi; tarsal arolium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="41350E92A239B627174538B13143B8A7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3 B</figureCitation>
) narrowly lamellar, widening to apex which is rounded; about twice as long as claws. Forewing pad 0.7 times as long as antenna, bearing 5 moderately large marginal subacute sectasetae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0A479D7F2E2B4A1D1A1916AE0AF9CE35" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3 C</figureCitation>
); hindwing pad with 2 marginal subacute sectasetae. Caudal plate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="90F3924DCBAA5A64E756EB1E2796BDF3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Melanastera sinica He &amp; Burckhardt, sp. nov., fifth instar immature A antenna B tarsal arolium C habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side) D detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side) E detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (A); 0.03 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.01 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085">3 C – E</figureCitation>
) with anterior margin distant from outer band of extra pore fields, inner band of pores less distinct than outer band; with 2 sectasetae on either side laterally, and three pointed sectasetae on either side of circumanal ring dorsally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C6FDDA62640FFCAB5B09933AB4D1C024" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1204.123740.figure3" ID-arpha="8532C441-B8B0-5D54-B17D-15A8E94E6886" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1063085" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="F9CF8BE6C1B8B3D87FABFD2F5688C5F9">
<label id="21F956E1FACF5FCEF8DC4C37B64476E6">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="30E662312D2AECBC346EE544C8FDA1AF">
<taxonomicName id="4BF07D7DBA260997920D9595703A8B42" authority="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F7D020E1230A3641BE84F3ED68EB3263" italics="true">
<trouble id="16CA0B56196AA055B19F01516C9062BA">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
He &amp; Burckhardt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7AB185795A60610C73177A4F3126EDA3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, fifth instar immature
<emphasis id="5C14C44DAD8B22CA4D0A0F91186F0DFA" bold="true">A</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="2E8D1416B0A00FD2B4614BD6AFBB3F36" bold="true">B</emphasis>
tarsal arolium
<emphasis id="BFBC4017C8B0668269831EB4727FF26D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
habitus (left: dorsal side, right: ventral side)
<emphasis id="F9F37AC2882CEB7F4A67F37FBB560DE5" bold="true">D</emphasis>
detail of extra pore fields (dorsal side)
<emphasis id="EE88C39F609FCEACDE73B81EDA85384E" bold="true">E</emphasis>
detail of extra pore fields and circumanal ring (ventral side). Scale bars: 0.15 mm (
<emphasis id="B9AA372813558953FFE520B8A3156367" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 0.03 mm (
<emphasis id="F8EBB39296A9FBC6929C43589CF1575D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="F1C6F5E4432A450BF176A65DD532CA06" bold="true">C</emphasis>
); 0.01 mm (
<emphasis id="EA7B3378290DEDD32DBFA64DB7B5C027" bold="true">D, E)</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="96A73B51245645805D6737C5A7BCDCAE">
Measurements (in mm;
<specimenCount id="5378CC9367A684B4F088654085C02B06" count="2" type="immature">2 immatures</specimenCount>
). Body length 0.98–1.01; antennal length 0.52–0.54; length of forewing pad 0.35–0.37; length of tarsal arolium 0.03–0.04; length of claws 0.01–0.02.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESGAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4BC73953E523DBED466082C9669FF2AD">
<heading id="F057E80BA82FF43005523BF4AE0FFB95" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="921B650555ED2575DE147B42A656DCE7">
From the Latin adjective
<emphasis id="20FDAA850F0CC729CBBA4BDF2CD02561" italics="true">sinicus</emphasis>
= Chinese, referring to the unexpected discovery of this mostly American genus in
<collectingCountry id="1FBAA94D20C1B06B0F4DEC07A51570F3" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1GAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="091A175958239987D714BBF0E29EF25F">
<heading id="D4799BEF988897AA96BB434031E6CCAD" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51B22363773BD560CD3EAAA996E2961B">
<collectingCountry id="9BA3A5F8FF3500D03FB87BEB17652E56" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F117E7214295218CA86B911829E3FAFD" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6GAE" type="host">
<paragraph id="AEB80ACD551DD2F96EC1D07762BA724F">
<heading id="098ACA97CA2CBDA5AA96B4B21DCC5977" reason="title">Host plant.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ED7480BE3195F5D1ADDA58B8775E023">
<taxonomicName id="EDB50A0CC3C0E36730B0F61D08003B0F" authority="Burret" authorityName="Burret" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chuniana">
<emphasis id="20AA3C0FFE07FCF4D63EA291DAA4EC5C" italics="true">Grewia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="317A1EDD5437C717F322939F78A4267B" italics="true">chuniana</emphasis>
Burret
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6875526234CA8D46F286132A5EEC2D08" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXHAE" type="comments">
<paragraph id="6D22D85859871688EDAB06F55AFE75AA">
<heading id="AA51D327C6079A140EC3F920A65AB7B3" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D45E6CB015BBA3BAE6700A687E09241B">
<bibRefCitation id="791BACC3E187E5E51E9D5589B8C09AA6" author="Serbina LŠ &amp; Malenovský I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Burckhardt D" refId="B11" refString="Serbina LŠ, Malenovský I, Queiroz DL, Burckhardt D (in press) Jumping plant-lice of the tribe Paurocephalini (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) in Brazil. Zootaxa. [Submitted in September 2023]">Serbina et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) defined several species groups within
<taxonomicName id="24C4C33FE67DA522AE52D391873D856F" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="66DBA51345E71F9F62241B41246B3C08" italics="true">
<trouble id="AA5A9D521A09E2460CDD446380EF9925">Melanastera</trouble>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mostly on the basis of morphological characters of adults.
<taxonomicName id="1F7A57E78960481C52A669AAED615B2D" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="B6E06B615980B9E27939769EE576F831" italics="true">
<trouble id="C57DC7A87B386FAC01D39A3E0E02EC04">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the
<emphasis id="61A85BCE2F31CB77520B788FB5AB426A" italics="true">curtisetosa</emphasis>
- group for the absence of a ventral process on the distal segment of the aedeagus. The
<emphasis id="D1D21ECADADEA5FDCB50F0FFCA7B5D4F" italics="true">curtisetosa</emphasis>
- group is composed of four species from
<collectingCountry id="6053AEDDE0FD5793BE3060178507089A" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
associated with
<taxonomicName id="31561C8B040C67CED43BE2AA8EF28CEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(confirmed or likely hosts) and
<taxonomicName id="1DFE92F2863B5F9A7F57C8E9866A051D" authority="(Burckhardt et al. 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Burckhardt" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="55BE2D95A0F618C2482A8FF2F4A6BB94" italics="true">M. pilosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2164844E4C50467259FC7ADEE8F5E62F" DOI="10.1071/IS05039" author="Burckhardt" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Burckhardt" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pagination="367-393" refId="B4" refString="Burckhardt D, Aléné DC, Ouvrard D, Tamesse JL, Messi J (2006) Afrotropical members of the jumping plant-louse genus Diclidophlebia (Hemiptera, Psylloidea). Invertebrate Systematics 20 (3): 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05039" title="Afrotropical members of the jumping plant-louse genus Diclidophlebia (Hemiptera, Psylloidea)." volume="20" year="2006">Burckhardt et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="784BC88DAF03B4FA9DCF374A6F579037" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D1909D91F3E31CB468FB9822104FD581" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, developing on
<taxonomicName id="DC7666CA7D76E831D27106BA123E1A10" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="868CCD2879C7925D69F60F00F1E42E2C" italics="true">Grewia bicolor</emphasis>
Juss.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="81DED5AAD98F91A9BABDC7C9379B15F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
) (confirmed).
<taxonomicName id="D313C0F72A4EA8BC191CA3F860E9C815" authorityName="He &amp; Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="23BA56EC855B9BFE599AAAA3E7B5DD32" italics="true">
<trouble id="76A6084885B533BBA66E3548A4EE0975">Melanastera</trouble>
sinica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the four Brazilian species in the forewing with a much more expanded dark pattern, which is slightly expanding towards the apex (versus parallel-sided) and bears a broad (versus narrow) pterostigma, in the broad subrectangular paramere (versus narrow, lamellar), the 10 - segmented antenna in the last instar immature (versus 9 - segmented), and the host association with
<taxonomicName id="E46FCFD330829C31DA1842C015C24622" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
(versus
<taxonomicName id="1C1E13E2F25C66059B0E4DA3214FB35E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
). From the African
<taxonomicName id="2A138A099D816B0C46978A1CC4A2F91E" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="13C6F01F5D615A7F6501822678A6846D" italics="true">M. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares the expanded dark forewing pattern, the 10 - segmented antenna in the last instar immature and the host genus
<taxonomicName id="0B99648B3F94A2672F96EF9E9ED893F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32C64B7357F838C371394E706D489788" italics="true">Grewia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it differs in the broader paramere, the absence of long setae on the body and forewing, the broad (versus narrow) pterostigma, the broader paramere (versus narrower), and the apically broader and obliquely truncate (versus slender and subacute) female proctiger (
<bibRefCitation id="0721286EC086F43931808AC19AD56C11" DOI="10.1071/IS05039" author="Burckhardt" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Burckhardt" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pagination="367-393" refId="B4" refString="Burckhardt D, Aléné DC, Ouvrard D, Tamesse JL, Messi J (2006) Afrotropical members of the jumping plant-louse genus Diclidophlebia (Hemiptera, Psylloidea). Invertebrate Systematics 20 (3): 367–393. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05039" title="Afrotropical members of the jumping plant-louse genus Diclidophlebia (Hemiptera, Psylloidea)." volume="20" year="2006">Burckhardt et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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