treatments-xml/data/6A/5B/AE/6A5BAE7ADA30FFA63AAAFA8A9CFDF948.xml

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<mods:title id="D4CDA1A3C850B6D58EB3021FBD09980A">Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B25283BE09A43FB00A18AFB9313182E6">Chen, Wei-Jen</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAFA8A9D5AFA85" blockId="39.[151,328,1361,1387]" box="[151,328,1361,1387]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="B905A800DA30FFAB3AAAFA8A9D5AFA85" bold="true" box="[151,328,1361,1387]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D086C37EDA30FFAB3AAAFA8A9D5AFA85" bold="true" box="[151,328,1361,1387]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Holocentridae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAFA4C9EEFFA5E" blockId="39.[151,1436,1431,1709]" box="[151,765,1431,1456]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA30FFAB3AAAFA4C9E1CFA5E" authority="Bleeker, 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,526,1431,1456]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA30FFAB3AAAFA4C9E1CFA5E" bold="true" box="[151,526,1431,1456]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA30FFAB3AAAFA4C9D7AFA5E" bold="true" box="[151,360,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Myripristis adusta</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1853
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Shadowfin soldier.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAFA679D2AF9F3" blockId="39.[151,1436,1431,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA30FFAB3938FA679868FA3A" author="Randall" box="[773,1146,1468,1493]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 18)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 20, CTR 24, CTR 32, CTR 33. AMS and CAS material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE84CE7DA30FFA43AAAF9F39DC4FA55" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAF9F39DA2F943" blockId="39.[151,1436,1431,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB3932F9FC9FB1F9AE" box="[783,931,1575,1600]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</collectingCountry>
east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Port Hedland (Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB38FFF9979F3FF98B" box="[706,813,1612,1637]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Australia</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB397CF9969FE1F98B" box="[833,1011,1612,1637]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB39C2F9969856F98B" box="[1023,1092,1613,1637]" name="Tonga" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Tonga</collectingCountry>
and Austral Islands. Found in coral-rich areas of dropoffs and steep channel slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA30FFAB3AC8F94F9D5FF942" box="[245,333,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA30FFAB3B33F94F9D5FF942" box="[270,333,1684,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
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. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAF90798B7F91B" blockId="39.[151,1437,1756,1997]" box="[151,1189,1756,1781]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA30FFAB3AAAF9079EA6F91B" bold="true" box="[151,692,1756,1781]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA30FFAB3AAAF9079D7CF91B" box="[151,366,1756,1781]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berndti">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA30FFAB3AAAF9079D7CF91B" bold="true" box="[151,366,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Myripristis berndti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB3B48F9079DD9F91B" box="[373,459,1756,1781]" name="Jordan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Evermann, 1903
</emphasis>
—Blotcheye soldierfish, bigscale soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAF8DB9F64F8D2" blockId="39.[151,1437,1756,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA30FFAB3938F9249868F8F6" author="Randall" box="[773,1146,1791,1816]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 23)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 15, CTR 21, CTR 26, CTR 30, CTR 31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA30FFAB3AAAF8939EC6F823" blockId="39.[151,1437,1756,1997]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB38CEF89C9F90F88E" box="[755,898,1863,1888]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</collectingCountry>
east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB39EAF8939841F88E" box="[983,1107,1863,1888]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB3AF5F8B79D6DF86B" box="[200,383,1900,1925]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Midway islands</collectingCountry>
, south to Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA30FFAB386EF8B79EA8F86B" box="[595,698,1900,1925]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Australia</collectingCountry>
at 22°S, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Found in coral-rich areas of subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
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1– 
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. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFF4C9FBEFF5E" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[151,940,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFF4C9EDCFF5E" bold="true" box="[151,718,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFF4C9D9BFF5E" box="[151,393,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chryseres">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFF4C9D9BFF5E" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis chryseres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43BADFF4C9DF7FF5E" box="[400,485,151,176]" name="Jordan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Evermann, 1903
</emphasis>
—Yellowfin soldier
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFF679894FEAE" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43B89FF679E2DFF3B" bold="true" box="[436,575,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New record</emphasis>
from Madang based on USNM material (USNM 295579). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43817FF049EACFF16" box="[554,702,223,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA438F7FF3B9F3DFF16" box="[714,815,224,248]" name="Comoros" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Comores</collectingCountry>
and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43B87FEDE9DEFFEF2" box="[442,509,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Ogasawara Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA4392CFEDF9FA0FEF3" box="[785,946,260,285]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43E8FFEDF990DFEF3" box="[1202,1311,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
). Found on steep seaward reef slopes, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA43993FEFC9830FED1" box="[942,1058,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.12" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="181.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="12.0">
12– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA439EAFEFC9830FED1" box="[983,1058,295,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">350 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFEB49F91FE66" blockId="40.[151,1436,367,536]" box="[151,899,367,392]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFEB49E4CFE66" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,606,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagona">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFEB49E4CFE66" bold="true" box="[151,606,367,392]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFEB49D9CFE66" bold="true" box="[151,398,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis hexagona</emphasis>
(Lacepède, 1802)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Doubletooth soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFE4F9FD1FDF6" blockId="40.[151,1436,367,536]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA4393DFE4F9860FE43" author="Randall" box="[768,1138,404,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 35)</bibRefCitation>
. BPBM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. South and East Africa east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43988FE639813FE3E" box="[949,1025,440,464]" name="Samoa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Samoa</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43E7BFE63989DFE3E" box="[1094,1167,440,464]" name="Tonga" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tonga</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA4387FFE079EBAFE1B" box="[578,680,476,501]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
at 
<geoCoordinate id="87C679ABDA3FFFA438F2FE079F3BFE1A" box="[719,809,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-20.483334">20°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA439F6FE079827FE1B" box="[971,1077,476,501]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43E4AFE06993BFE1B" box="[1143,1321,476,501]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA43935FDDB9F72FDF9" box="[776,864,512,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="20.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA4391CFDDB9F72FDF9" box="[801,864,512,536]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFD9C9D48FD6B" blockId="40.[151,1437,583,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFD9C9F97FD8E" bold="true" box="[151,901,583,608]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFD9C9E18FD8E" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,522,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuntee">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFD9C9D7BFD8E" bold="true" box="[151,361,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis kuntee</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43813FD9C9E92FD8E" box="[558,640,583,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1831
</emphasis>
—Shoulderbar soldierfish, epaulette soldierfish, pearly soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFD4B9874FCFB" blockId="40.[151,1437,583,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43918FD549808FD46" author="Kailola" box="[805,1050,655,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Kailola, P. J. (1987 a) The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Volume one. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 41, i - xxxi + 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Kailola (1987a: 176)</bibRefCitation>
; record confirmed by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43F19FD549D4FFD22" author="Randall" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1999) Holocentridae. Squirrelfishes (soldierfishes). In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; Niem, V. H. (Eds.), Species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome, pp. 2225 - 2256." type="journal article" year="1999">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1999</bibRefCitation>
: 2241, distribution map). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 14, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 24, CTR 32, CTR 33, and by Tan H. H. at St. PR 43 on 
<date id="964C39ACDA3FFFA43ECBFD0C9985FD1E" box="[1270,1431,727,752]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2012-11-16">16 Nov. 2012</date>
; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM and USNM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFCFB983DFC6E" blockId="40.[151,1437,583,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA4380AFCC49EA0FCD6" box="[567,690,799,824]" name="Seychelles" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA438FEFCC49F58FCD6" box="[707,842,799,824]" name="Madagascar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43B84FC9E9DEBFCB2" box="[441,505,837,860]" name="Japan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA439EFFC9F982EFCB3" box="[978,1084,836,861]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Lord Howe 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43EF3FC9F9907FCB3" box="[1230,1301,836,861]" name="Iceland" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Island</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43F6DFC9E998BFCB3" box="[1360,1433,837,861]" name="Tonga" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tonga</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA4394EFCB39FD9FC91" box="[883,971,872,896]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="2.0">
2– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA439B2FCB39FD9FC91" box="[911,971,872,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFC719FAAFBE5" blockId="40.[151,1436,938,1179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFC719EDEFC2D" bold="true" box="[151,716,938,963]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFC719D92FC2D" box="[151,384,938,963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murdjan">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFC719D92FC2D" bold="true" box="[151,384,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis murdjan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Pinecone soldierfish, blotcheye soldier, red soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43BFFFC159E42FC09" bold="true" box="[450,592,974,999]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 4. AMS and USNM material (AMS I.16671-010; USNM 387337, 387384, 387387).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFBCC9D40FB75" blockId="40.[151,1436,938,1179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA438C1FBCD9F9FFBC1" box="[764,909,1046,1071]" name="South Africa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</collectingCountry>
east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA439D9FBCD9831FBC1" box="[996,1059,1046,1071]" name="Wake Island" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Wake</collectingCountry>
Atoll, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43E4EFBCD9906FBC1" box="[1139,1300,1046,1071]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43F1DFBCC997EFBC1" box="[1312,1388,1047,1071]" name="Samoa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Samoa</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43AAAFBE09CCDFBBD" box="[151,223,1083,1107]" name="Tonga" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tonga</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA438D7FBE19F43FBBD" box="[746,849,1082,1107]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA439B2FBE09856FBBD" box="[911,1092,1082,1107]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found on subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA43AAAFB599CFDFB74" box="[151,239,1154,1179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA43A8EFB599CFDFB74" box="[179,239,1154,1179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFB119827FB0D" blockId="40.[151,1437,1226,1467]" box="[151,1077,1226,1251]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFB119F5DFB0D" bold="true" box="[151,847,1226,1251]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFB119DC3FB0D" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" box="[151,465,1226,1251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pralinia">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFB119D6AFB0D" bold="true" box="[151,376,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis pralinia</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43BCBFB119E5AFB0D" box="[502,584,1226,1251]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1829
</emphasis>
—Scarlet soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFB3498A2FAA1" blockId="40.[151,1437,1226,1467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA4390EFB359803FAE9" author="Kailola" box="[819,1041,1262,1287]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Kailola, P. J. (1975) A catalogue of the fish reference collection at the Kanudi Fisheries Research Laboratory, Port Moresby. Department of Agriculture, Stock &amp; Fisheries, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 16, 1 - 277." type="journal article" year="1975">Kailola (1975: 68)</bibRefCitation>
; record confirmed by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43F1FFB359D89FAC5" author="Randall" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 42)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 25, CTR 28, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. AMS, CAS, KFRS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFA809DC4FA55" blockId="40.[151,1437,1226,1467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43B77FAA59DA6FA79" box="[330,436,1406,1431]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43BCBFAA49EBBFA79" box="[502,681,1406,1431]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in caves or under ledges of reef flats, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA43B27FA799D60FA54" box="[282,370,1442,1467]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="26.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="2.0">
2– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA43B0BFA799D60FA54" box="[310,370,1442,1467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE84CE7DA3FFFA43AAAFA319DC5F9A5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAFA319FB9F9ED" blockId="40.[151,1436,1514,1683]" box="[151,939,1514,1539]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAFA319ED1F9ED" ID-CoL="459H5" authority="Randall &amp; Greenfield, 1996" authorityName="Randall &amp; Greenfield" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,707,1514,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFA319ED1F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,707,1514,1539]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAFA319D61F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,371,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43B47FA319ED1F9ED" author="Randall" box="[378,707,1514,1539]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Robust soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAF9D49DC5F9A5" blockId="40.[151,1436,1514,1683]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. Reported from Madang in original description by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43E2EF9D5998AF9C9" author="Randall" box="[1043,1432,1550,1575]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 43)</bibRefCitation>
. BPBM and USNM material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE84CE7DA3FFFA63AAAF98C9CFDF948" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAF98C9F8CF97D" blockId="40.[151,1436,1514,1683]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA4380DF98D9EBCF981" box="[560,686,1622,1647]" name="Philippines" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA438D6F98C9FDFF981" box="[747,973,1622,1647]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA438D6F98C9F3DF980" box="[747,815,1623,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Canthigaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Papua</taxonomicName>
New Guinea
</collectingCountry>
. Found in sheltered reefs, frequently on steep slopes, among gorgonians or rocky outcrops, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA438E8F9A19F29F97C" box="[725,827,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">
30– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA4393DF9A19F29F97C" box="[768,827,1658,1683]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">45 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAF9199EECF935" blockId="40.[151,1436,1730,1971]" box="[151,766,1730,1755]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3FFFA43AAAF9199E33F935" authority="Bleeker, 1851" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,545,1730,1755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAF9199E33F935" bold="true" box="[151,545,1730,1755]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3FFFA43AAAF9199D69F935" bold="true" box="[151,379,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myripristis violacea</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1851
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Violet soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAF93C9E3CF8A9" blockId="40.[151,1436,1730,1971]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3FFFA43938F93D9869F911" author="Randall" box="[773,1147,1766,1791]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 49)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 18, CTR 20, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3FFFA43AAAF8889DEBF85D" blockId="40.[151,1436,1730,1971]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA43BC3F8AD9E7AF861" box="[510,616,1910,1935]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3FFFA4388CF8AC9F7AF861" box="[689,872,1910,1935]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in sheltered areas of coastal, lagoon or seaward reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3FFFA43B03F8409D84F85C" box="[318,406,1947,1971]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="2.0">
2– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3FFFA43B67F8409D84F85C" box="[346,406,1947,1971]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">30 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFF4C9E52FF16" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C2E23842DA3EFFA53AAAFF4C9E52FF16" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFF4C9F90FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,898,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFF4C9E17FF5E" ID-CoL="459HP" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,517,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Myripristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFF4C9D71FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,355,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Myripristis vittata</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53814FF4C9E6EFF5E" box="[553,636,151,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1831
</emphasis>
—Immaculate soldier, white-tipped soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<treatmentCitation id="6353397DDA3EFFA53938FF679865FF3B" author="Randall" box="[773,1143,188,213]" page="56" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3EFFA53938FF679865FF3B" author="Randall" box="[773,1143,188,213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Greenfield, D. W. (1996) Revision of the Indo-Pacific holocentrid fishes of the genus Myripristis, with descriptions of three new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 25, 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1996">Randall &amp; Greenfield (1996: 56)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Specimens photographed at St. CTR 31, PR 113. CAS material.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFEDF983DFE8B" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA538F7FEDF9F43FEF3" box="[714,849,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53BFFFEF39E10FED1" box="[450,514,296,319]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA539D3FEFC984AFEAE" box="[1006,1112,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53E58FEF39907FEAE" box="[1125,1301,295,320]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53F6DFEF3998BFEAE" box="[1360,1433,296,320]" name="Tonga" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tonga</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA5394EFE979FD9FE8A" box="[883,971,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="41.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="3.0">
3– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA539B2FE979FD9FE8A" box="[911,971,332,356]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">80 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFE569E4AFE00" blockId="41.[151,1436,397,602]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFE569FD0FE48" bold="true" box="[151,962,397,422]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFE569D82FE4B" box="[151,400,397,422]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Neoniphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFE569D82FE4B" bold="true" box="[151,400,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Neoniphon argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA5385CFE569EA6FE48" box="[609,692,397,422]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1831)
</emphasis>
—Clearfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53B84FE6A9E57FE24" bold="true" box="[441,581,433,458]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 25, CTR 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFE229E6EFDB4" blockId="41.[151,1436,397,602]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA538C5FE229F4EFDFC" box="[760,860,505,530]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Marshall</collectingCountry>
and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53B69FDC69DA9FDD8" box="[340,443,541,566]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53BC7FDC59EBCFDD8" box="[506,686,541,566]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found among branching corals in coral-rich areas of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA53BFCFD9A9E0AFDB7" box="[449,536,577,601]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA53BE0FD9A9E0AFDB7" box="[477,536,577,601]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFD599CE8FD0D" blockId="41.[151,1436,642,811]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFD599FC1FD75" bold="true" box="[151,979,642,667]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFD599DB0FD75" box="[151,418,642,667]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Neoniphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opercularis">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFD599DB0FD75" bold="true" box="[151,418,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Neoniphon opercularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA5384FFD599ED7FD75" box="[626,709,642,667]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1831)
</emphasis>
—Blackfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53B85FD7D9E51FD51" bold="true" box="[440,579,678,703]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 17. CAS material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFD349F60FCC5" blockId="41.[151,1436,642,811]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA538E1FD359F29FCE9" box="[732,827,750,775]" name="Réunion" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Réunion</collectingCountry>
east to Line Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53AAAFCC89D5AFCC5" box="[151,328,786,811]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral and rocky reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA5388AFCC99F1DFCC4" box="[695,783,786,811]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA538ECFCC99F1DFCC4" box="[721,783,786,811]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFC819FFEFC9D" blockId="41.[151,1436,858,1099]" box="[151,1004,858,883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFC819EC5FC9D" bold="true" box="[151,727,858,883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFC819D98FC9C" box="[151,394,858,883]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Neoniphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sammara">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFC819D98FC9C" bold="true" box="[151,394,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Neoniphon sammara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Bloodspot squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFCA49EDCFC55" blockId="41.[151,1436,858,1099]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53B85FCA59E51FC79" bold="true" box="[440,579,894,919]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 28, CTR 32. CAS material (CAS 65377).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFC1C983CFBA5" blockId="41.[151,1436,858,1099]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53908FC1D9FAEFC31" box="[821,956,966,991]" name="Madagascar" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Line Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53AAAFC319CFCFBED" box="[151,238,1002,1027]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA5382AFC309E48FBEC" box="[535,602,1003,1026]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53E8FFC31990AFBED" box="[1202,1304,1002,1027]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
at 
<geoCoordinate id="87C679ABDA3EFFA53F00FC309985FBED" box="[1341,1431,1003,1027]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-20.55">20°33'S</geoCoordinate>
, Lord Howe 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53B23FBD59D77FBC9" box="[286,357,1038,1063]" name="Iceland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53B4CFBD49DA4FBC9" box="[369,438,1039,1063]" name="Tonga" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tonga</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found in seagrass beds and hard bottom habitats on lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, often associated with branching 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53881FBE89F35FBA4" box="[700,807,1075,1098]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53881FBE89F35FBA4" box="[700,807,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Acropora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coral, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA5394EFBE99FD9FBA4" box="[883,971,1074,1099]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA539B2FBE99FD9FBA4" box="[911,971,1074,1099]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">46 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFBA19FD2FB7D" blockId="41.[151,1437,1146,1279]" box="[151,960,1146,1171]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFBA19EB6FB7D" bold="true" box="[151,676,1146,1171]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFBA19D4AFB7D" box="[151,344,1146,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Plectrypops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFBA19D4AFB7D" bold="true" box="[151,344,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Plectrypops lima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Roughscale soldierfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFB44998FFB11" blockId="41.[151,1437,1146,1279]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53B89FB459E2CFB59" bold="true" box="[436,574,1182,1207]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on WAM material (WAM P.30347-010). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53F2CFB189946FB34" box="[1297,1364,1219,1242]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
, south to northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53B25FB3D9D6DFB11" box="[280,383,1254,1279]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53807FB3D9E90FB11" box="[570,642,1254,1279]" name="Iceland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Island</collectingCountry>
. Solitary in caves and crevices of seaward reef slopes, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA53EDFFB3D9928FB10" box="[1250,1338,1254,1279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="5.0">
5– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA53EC3FB3D9928FB10" box="[1278,1338,1254,1279]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFAF598A5FAA9" blockId="41.[151,1436,1326,1567]" box="[151,1207,1326,1351]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAFAF59EAEFAA9" authority="Ruppell, 1838" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,700,1326,1351]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFAF59EAEFAA9" bold="true" box="[151,700,1326,1351]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAFAF59DECFAA9" bold="true" box="[151,510,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sargocentron caudimaculatum</emphasis>
(Rüppell, 1838)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Silverspot squirrelfish, tailspot squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFA889902FA5D" blockId="41.[151,1436,1326,1567]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53B84FA899E56FA85" bold="true" box="[441,580,1362,1387]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 16, CTR 24, CTR 26, CTR 33; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. NTUM and USNM material (NTUM 10207; USNM 288272, 301437, 382253, 382254, 382256).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAFA649885F9F1" blockId="41.[151,1436,1326,1567]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53985FA65985EFA39" box="[952,1100,1470,1495]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) east to Hawaiian Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53AAAFA399CFCFA15" box="[151,238,1506,1531]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA5382AFA389E45FA14" box="[535,599,1507,1530]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Minami Tori Shima, south to northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53E7AFA3998A2FA15" box="[1095,1200,1506,1531]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53E80FA38997EFA15" box="[1213,1388,1506,1531]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53AAAF9DC9CF2F9F1" box="[151,224,1543,1567]" name="Tonga" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tonga</collectingCountry>
. Found in seaward reef areas, also in lagoons and around drop-offs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA539E6F9DC9821F9F0" box="[987,1075,1543,1567]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="2.0">
2– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA539CAF9DC9821F9F0" box="[1015,1075,1543,1567]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF9959F65F989" blockId="41.[151,1436,1614,1783]" box="[151,887,1614,1639]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAF9959E77F989" authority="Bleeker, 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,613,1614,1639]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAF9959E77F989" bold="true" box="[151,613,1614,1639]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAF9959DBFF988" bold="true" box="[151,429,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sargocentron cornutum</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1853)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Threespot squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF9A89F78F941" blockId="41.[151,1436,1614,1783]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA538CBF9A99FFBF965" box="[758,1001,1650,1675]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Holocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA538CBF9A99FFBF965" box="[758,1001,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Holocentrus cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3EFFA53E2FF9A898DDF965" author="Herre" box="[1042,1231,1651,1675]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Herre, A. W. C. T. (1933) A check list of fishes known from Madang, New Guinea. Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, 8 (4), 12." type="journal article" year="1933">Herre (1933: 12)</bibRefCitation>
; record confirmed by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3EFFA53A87F94D9D83F941" author="Randall" box="[186,401,1686,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Randall, J. E. (1998) Revision of the Indo-Pacific squirrelfishes (Beryciformes: Holocentridae: Holocentrinae) of the genus Sargocentron, with descriptions of four new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 27, 1 - 105, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1998">Randall (1998: 20)</bibRefCitation>
. AMS, BPBM, CAS and USNM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF9609951F919" blockId="41.[151,1436,1614,1783]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53806F9619EBAF93D" box="[571,680,1722,1747]" name="Indonesia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA538D6F9619F7BF93D" box="[747,873,1722,1747]" name="Philippines" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Philippines</collectingCountry>
east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA539EEF961988AF93D" box="[979,1176,1722,1747]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53AA3F9059D1AF919" box="[158,264,1758,1783]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53B7BF9049DE5F919" box="[326,503,1758,1783]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found secretive at reef dropoffs and on outer reef slopes, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA53EB5F90498F2F918" box="[1160,1248,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="2.0">
2– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA53E99F90498F2F918" box="[1188,1248,1759,1783]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">30 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF8FD9839F8D1" blockId="41.[151,1436,1830,2035]" box="[151,1067,1830,1855]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAF8FD9F29F8D1" bold="true" box="[151,827,1830,1855]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA53AAAF8FD9D8FF8D1" box="[151,413,1830,1855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3EFFA53AAAF8FD9D8FF8D1" bold="true" box="[151,413,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sargocentron diadema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lacepède [ex 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3EFFA5386DF8FD9EF4F8D1" box="[592,742,1830,1855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomberomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commerson">Commerson</taxonomicName>
], 1802)
</emphasis>
—Crown squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF8909FF0F869" blockId="41.[151,1436,1830,2035]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3EFFA538C2F8919FC7F88D" author="Randall" box="[767,981,1866,1891]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Randall, J. E. (1998) Revision of the Indo-Pacific squirrelfishes (Beryciformes: Holocentridae: Holocentrinae) of the genus Sargocentron, with descriptions of four new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 27, 1 - 105, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1998">Randall (1998: 23)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 15, CTR 29. AMS, BPBM, SMF and USNM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3EFFA53AAAF84898D2F81D" blockId="41.[151,1436,1830,2035]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53939F8499F87F845" box="[772,917,1938,1963]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
east to Hawaiian Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA53ED3F8499957F845" box="[1262,1349,1938,1963]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3EFFA5391DF86D9F95F821" box="[800,903,1974,1999]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
at 
<geoCoordinate id="87C679ABDA3EFFA53995F86C9810F821" box="[936,1026,1975,1999]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-17.5">17°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and Austral Islands. Found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, including tidal pools, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3EFFA53E38F801984FF81C" box="[1029,1117,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3EFFA53E1CF801984FF81C" box="[1057,1117,2010,2035]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">60 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFF4C9FB1FF5E" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,315]" box="[151,931,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFF4C9E98FF5E" authority="Allen &amp; Cross, 1983" authorityName="Allen &amp; Cross" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,650,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepros">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFF4C9E98FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,650,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFF4C9D93FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,385,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron lepros</emphasis>
(Allen &amp; Cross, 1983)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Yelloweye squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFF609D72FED5" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,315]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63B89FF619E2DFF3D" bold="true" box="[436,575,186,211]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on a specimen collected at St. CTR 29. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63F1CFF05997FFF18" box="[1313,1389,222,246]" name="Samoa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Samoa</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63AAAFF249CFCFEF6" box="[151,238,255,280]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
group, south to Chesterfield Islands (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63898FEDB9F4FFEF6" box="[677,861,255,280]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
). Living solitary and cryptic on outer reef slopes, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA63AAAFEF99CEFFED4" box="[151,253,290,315]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">
10– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA63AFCFEF99CEFFED4" box="[193,253,290,315]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">45 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFEBC9D4CFE28" blockId="42.[151,1437,359,523]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFEBC9FC2FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,976,359,384]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFEBC9DF4FE6E" box="[151,486,359,384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puntatissimum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFEBC9DF4FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,486,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron puntatissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63BC9FEBC9E5AFE6E" box="[500,584,359,384]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63853FEBC9ED3FE6E" box="[622,705,359,384]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1829)
</emphasis>
—Peppered squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63B83FE519E5EFE4D" bold="true" box="[446,588,394,419]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on USNM and CAS material (CAS 65397; USNM 383240, 383248).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFE0B9F84FDE5" blockId="42.[151,1437,359,523]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63930FE149FB2FE06" box="[781,928,463,488]" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
east to Hawaiian Islands and Easter 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63F6CFE14998BFE06" box="[1361,1433,463,488]" name="Iceland" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Island</collectingCountry>
. Found in coastal and lagoon reefs and on reef flats, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA638E7FE289F20FDE4" box="[730,818,499,523]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA638CAFE289F20FDE4" box="[759,818,499,523]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">10 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFDEC9855FDBE" blockId="42.[151,1436,567,731]" box="[151,1095,567,592]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFDEC9EF2FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,736,567,592]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFDEC9D86FDBE" box="[151,404,567,592]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFDEC9D86FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,404,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Redcoat squirrelfish (
<figureCitation id="7AC903E9DA3DFFA639D0FDEC982DFDBE" box="[1005,1087,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="197.[151,250,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@197.[151,1436,735,1590]" captionTargetPageId="197" captionText="FIGURE 32. Arothron nigropunctatus (Tetraodontidae, right), with Sargocentron rubrum (Holocentridae), Madang Lagoon, P. Laboute, 24 Nov. 2012." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250592/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFD809DCCFD35" blockId="42.[151,1436,567,731]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3DFFA6393DFD819FC5FD9D" author="Randall" box="[768,983,602,627]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Randall, J. E. (1998) Revision of the Indo-Pacific squirrelfishes (Beryciformes: Holocentridae: Holocentrinae) of the genus Sargocentron, with descriptions of four new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 27, 1 - 105, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1998">Randall (1998: 72)</bibRefCitation>
; photographed by P. Laboute. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA6398DFDA5981DFD7B" box="[944,1039,638,661]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63ED3FDA59923FD7B" box="[1262,1329,638,661]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Japan</collectingCountry>
, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63B0DFD449D88FD56" box="[304,410,671,696]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63BDBFD7B9E8CFD56" box="[486,670,671,696]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral and rocky reefs, often in silty reefs or around shipwrecks, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA63B1EFD189D69FD34" box="[291,379,707,731]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="42.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA63B00FD189D69FD34" box="[317,379,707,731]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">84 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFCDC9FFAFCCE" blockId="42.[151,1436,775,1008]" box="[151,1000,775,800]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFCDC9F14FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,774,775,800]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFCDC9DABFCCE" box="[151,441,775,800]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFCDC9DABFCCE" bold="true" box="[151,441,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron spiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Sabre squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFCF09D40FC66" blockId="42.[151,1436,775,1008]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63925FCF19810FCAD" box="[792,1026,810,835]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Holocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63925FCF19810FCAD" box="[792,1026,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Holocentrus spinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3DFFA63E0EFCF09907FCAD" author="Munro" box="[1075,1301,810,835]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Munro, I. S. R. (1958) The fishes of the New Guinea region. Fishery Bulletin, Territory of Papua and New Guinea, Port Moresby, 1, 97 - 369." type="journal article" year="1958">Munro (1958: 146)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens photographed at St. CTR 20; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. AMS, CAS, CSIRO, NTUM and USNM material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFC489F6FFC1E" blockId="42.[151,1436,775,1008]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63E44FC49993FFC45" box="[1145,1325,914,939]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pitcairn islands</collectingCountry>
, north to southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63B3DFC6D9D52FC23" box="[256,320,950,973]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63967FC6E9FD6FC20" box="[858,964,949,974]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63E3BFC6D98ABFC20" box="[1030,1209,949,974]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Living secretive in caves or around ledges in coral and rocky reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA63889FC039F08FC01" box="[692,794,984,1008]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="12.2" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="61.5" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA638F0FC039F08FC01" box="[717,794,984,1008]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">122 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFBC69844FBD8" blockId="42.[151,1436,1053,1216]" box="[151,1110,1053,1078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFBC69F4AFBD8" bold="true" box="[151,856,1053,1078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFBC69D7DFBD8" box="[151,367,1053,1078]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiere">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFBC69D7DFBD8" bold="true" box="[151,367,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron tiere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63B40FBC69DC3FBD8" box="[381,465,1053,1078]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63BCBFBC69E5AFBD8" box="[502,584,1053,1078]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1829)
</emphasis>
—Tahitian squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFB9B9E1FFB95" blockId="42.[151,1436,1053,1216]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63B86FBE49E5BFBB6" bold="true" box="[443,585,1087,1112]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. NTUM material (NTUM 10209).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFB5D995AFB2E" blockId="42.[151,1436,1053,1216]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63983FB5E9862FB70" box="[958,1136,1157,1182]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pitcairn islands</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63B60FB7C9DD6FB2E" box="[349,452,1191,1216]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63BC7FB729EB9FB2E" box="[506,683,1191,1216]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. In crevices of lagoon and seaward reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA63E42FB7398F7FB2E" box="[1151,1253,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="18.3" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="92.0" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="1.0">
1– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA63EA4FB7398F7FB2E" box="[1177,1253,1192,1216]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">183 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFB369F2AFAE8" blockId="42.[151,1436,1261,1459]" box="[151,824,1261,1286]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFB369E70FAE8" authority="Bleeker, 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,610,1261,1286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiereoides">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFB369E70FAE8" bold="true" box="[151,610,1261,1286]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFB369DBBFAE8" bold="true" box="[151,425,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron tiereoides</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1853)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Pink squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFACB9F73FAA5" blockId="42.[151,1436,1261,1459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. 
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63B8BFAD49E50FAC6" bold="true" box="[438,578,1295,1320]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on AMS, NTUM and USNM material (AMS I.16671- 915; NTUM 10156; USNM 293808, 384967, 384969, 384974).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFA8D9CFDFA5D" blockId="42.[151,1436,1261,1459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63B17FAAC9D86FA7E" box="[298,404,1399,1424]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63BE9FAA29E97FA7E" box="[468,645,1399,1424]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 
<quantity id="250AB289DA3DFFA63F7DFAAC998AFA7E" box="[1344,1432,1399,1424]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="6.0">
6– 
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA3DFFA63F61FAAC998AFA7E" box="[1372,1432,1399,1424]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">45 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAFA049F43FA16" blockId="42.[151,1436,1503,1702]" box="[151,849,1503,1528]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA3DFFA63AAAFA049E78FA16" authority="Bleeker, 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,618,1503,1528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Holocentridae" genus="Sargocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFA049E78FA16" bold="true" box="[151,618,1503,1528]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA3DFFA63AAAFA049DA3FA16" bold="true" box="[151,433,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sargocentron violaceum</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1853)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Violet squirrelfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA3DFFA63AAAF9D89CFDF948" blockId="42.[151,1436,1503,1702]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by 
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA3DFFA6393BF9D99FCDF9F5" author="Randall" box="[774,991,1538,1563]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Randall, J. E. (1998) Revision of the Indo-Pacific squirrelfishes (Beryciformes: Holocentridae: Holocentrinae) of the genus Sargocentron, with descriptions of four new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 27, 1 - 105, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1998">Randall (1998: 90)</bibRefCitation>
; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay, another photographed by A. Berberian. BPBM, CAS, NTUM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA639FAF9939804F98E" box="[967,1046,1608,1632]" name="Samoa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63B17F9B19D86F96D" box="[298,404,1642,1667]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA3DFFA63BE9F9B09E97F96D" box="[468,645,1642,1667]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 
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1– 
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. Marine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>