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<document id="1C4831366446B207E4B03DFD91A990C2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185850" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51cc254b-682d-4934-8072-2d4434028c6f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185850" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460025340469" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2009" docId="651A87A17B52FF91FF3EF95BFBDAFF08" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02013p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Molpadia musculus Risso 1826" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="9923FFD97B51FF94FFA9FFA5FFCDFFF7" masterDocTitle="New species and a new record of sea cucumbers from deep waters of the South African temperate region (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698233878804" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="73523314A1F680AAD564D2A786FF9023">New species and a new record of sea cucumbers from deep waters of the South African temperate region (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A0E9ED62E88E979D8F1E0A1E65E0FAA">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AF21FFE51EBB69C047BAA85C43124C4E">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="651A87A17B52FF91FF3EF95BFBDAFF08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212603" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:651A87A17B52FF91FF3EF95BFBDAFF08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/651A87A17B52FF91FF3EF95BFBDAFF08" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B52FF97FF3EF95BFF37F8CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B52FF97FF3EF95BFDD4F8EF" blockId="3.[151,537,1790,1851]" box="[151,537,1790,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="B64481DB7B52FF97FF3EF95BFDD4F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,537,1790,1816]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2AB34D347B52FF97FF3EF95BFDD4F8EF" ID-CoL="43YLR" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,537,1790,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B52FF97FF3EF95BFDD4F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,537,1790,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B52FF97FF3EF95BFE4BF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,390,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Molpadia musculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B52FF97FE25F95BFDD4F8EF" author="Risso" box="[396,537,1790,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Risso, A. (1826). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. 5: 289 - 293. F. - G. Levrault, Paris." type="journal article" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B52FF97FF3EF884FF37F8CC" blockId="3.[151,537,1790,1851]" box="[151,250,1825,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="75882A327B52FF97FF3EF884FF37F8CC" box="[151,250,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[178,1413,503,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1415,503,1374]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molpadia musculus Risso. SE micrograph of deposits from tail region. A. racquet-shaped ossicles; B. rods and phosphatic bodies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185853/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figure 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B52FF97FF3EF8CAFE82F852" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B52FF97FF3EF8CAFE82F852" blockId="3.[151,1436,1902,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDA311997B52FF97FF3EF8CAFE82F852" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="2AB34D347B52FF97FF3EF8CAFDE8F872" ID-CoL="43YLR" authority="Risso, 1826: 293" authorityName="Risso" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,549,1902,1926]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B52FF97FF3EF8CAFEA4F871" box="[151,361,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Molpadia musculus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C1210A67B52FF97FEC7F8CBFDE8F872" author="Risso" box="[366,549,1902,1925]" page="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" year="1826">
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B52FF97FEC7F8CBFE3DF872" author="Risso" box="[366,496,1902,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Risso, A. (1826). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. 5: 289 - 293. F. - G. Levrault, Paris." type="journal article" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
: 293
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</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="6C1210A67B52FF97FD86F8CBFCD1F872" author="Clark" box="[559,796,1902,1925]" page="165" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B52FF97FD86F8CBFD25F872" author="Clark" box="[559,744,1902,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1907) The Apodous Holothurians: A monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae, including a Report on the representatives of these families in the Collections of the United National Museum. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1907">H.L. Clark, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 165
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. 11;
<treatmentCitation id="6C1210A67B52FF97FCDBF8CBFBF3F872" author="Pawson" box="[882,1086,1902,1925]" page="100" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B52FF97FCDBF8CBFBC6F872" author="Pawson" box="[882,1035,1902,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 3. In: Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. (Pawson, D. L., ed.) American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 26: 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 100
</treatmentCitation>
, text-figs: 1, 2, 3, 4a–c, e, Map 1 (synonymy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B52FF90FF3EF870FD2CFF45" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B52FF90FF3EF870FD2CFF45" blockId="3.[151,1436,2005,2031]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,448]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B52FF97FF3EF870FE46F818" bold="true" box="[151,395,2005,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</emphasis>
SAM-A28044, ‘Nansen 404’, Trawl TO16, west coast of
<collectingCountry id="95A476277B52FF97FB95F870FB1EF818" box="[1084,1235,2005,2031]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="888750707B52FF97FB4DF870FAABF818" box="[1252,1382,2005,2031]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="-33.895">33° 53.7’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="888750707B52FF90FADAF870FF24FF45" direction="east" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="17.448334">17° 26.9’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="2A4B9B527B55FF90FF57FF3DFE87FF45" box="[254,330,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="407.0">407 m</quantity>
,
<date id="990D10777B55FF90FEFEFF3DFE18FF45" box="[343,469,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" value="2007-04-10">10.iv.2007</date>
, Louise Lange, 1 spec.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B55FF90FF6FFF1BFD3FFE37" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B55FF90FF6FFF1BFD3FFE37" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FF6FFF1BFE93FF2F" bold="true" box="[198,350,190,216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
Specimen large, well preserved, barrel-shaped with short tail. Length along ventral surface
<quantity id="2A4B9B527B55FF90FF3EFF40FF20FF08" box="[151,237,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, width of mid-body
<quantity id="2A4B9B527B55FF90FE76FF40FDF9FF08" box="[479,564,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, tail length
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. Colour uniformly violet except at extreme anterior end and the tail which are white to greyish-white. Body wall rough to the touch. Phosphatic deposits abundant (
<figureCitation id="75882A327B55FF90FF36FE97FEC8FEBB" box="[159,261,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[178,1413,503,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1415,503,1374]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molpadia musculus Risso. SE micrograph of deposits from tail region. A. racquet-shaped ossicles; B. rods and phosphatic bodies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185853/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B). Calcareous deposits of body wall delicate, localised mostly in tail and at extreme anterior end, and include fusiform and tri-forked rods, up to 600 µm, with 1 – 4 (usually 3) small central holes and easily fragmented racquet-shaped bodies (
<figureCitation id="75882A327B55FF90FD91FE25FD51FE6D" box="[568,668,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[178,1413,503,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1415,503,1374]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molpadia musculus Risso. SE micrograph of deposits from tail region. A. racquet-shaped ossicles; B. rods and phosphatic bodies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185853/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A); anchors may be present but only a single broken one detected in the body wall sampled, may be of foreign origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B9CC663F7B55FF90FF3EFAC1FE46FA69" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185853/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[178,1413,503,1372]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B55FF90FF3EFAC1FE46FA69" blockId="4.[151,1436,1380,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FF3EFAC1FED7FA8B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1380,1404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AB34D347B55FF90FE88FAC1FDF3FA8C" authority="Risso." authorityName="Risso." box="[289,574,1380,1403]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FE88FAC1FE39FA8C" box="[289,500,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Molpadia musculus</emphasis>
Risso.
</taxonomicName>
SE micrograph of deposits from tail region. A. racquet-shaped ossicles; B. rods and phosphatic bodies.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B55FF90FF6FFA75FE8AF9E6" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B55FF90FF6FFA75FE8AF9E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1488,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FF6FFA75FEAAFA1D" bold="true" box="[198,359,1488,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</emphasis>
Essentially cosmopolitan but not yet known from above the Arctic Circle,
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. (
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B55FF90FF36FA52FEF2F9E6" author="Pawson" box="[159,319,1527,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 3. In: Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. (Pawson, D. L., ed.) American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 26: 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A9653C7B55FF91FF6FF9B8FBDAFF08" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED0C36B77B55FF91FF6FF9B8FBDAFF08" blockId="4.[151,1437,1488,2017]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FF6FF9B8FE8DF9C0" bold="true" box="[198,320,1565,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B55FF90FEE2F9BBFDCDF9CF" author="Pawson" box="[331,512,1566,1592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 3. In: Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. (Pawson, D. L., ed.) American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 26: 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
revised the molpadiid sea cucumbers of the Southern, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, describing four new species and presenting a key to the nine species he recognized as valid. Since then, a few more species have been added. After having examined
<specimenCount id="FBB5FD3E7B55FF90FC59F9CEFB6DF972" box="[1008,1184,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="generic">170 specimens</specimenCount>
, Pawson showed that
<taxonomicName id="2AB34D347B55FF90FF3EF937FE4FF95C" box="[151,386,1682,1707]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FF3EF937FE4FF95C" box="[151,386,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Molpadia musculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very varied species with its calcareous deposits changing drastically with age. His synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="2AB34D347B55FF90FE91F91CFE01F925" box="[312,460,1721,1746]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis id="DFC7EAA57B55FF90FE91F91CFE01F925" box="[312,460,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">M. musculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hence appears rather drastic but despite this he comments that it is incomplete “for the limits of variation of the species are far from clearly defined.” (
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B55FF90FC64F97AFB61F90E" author="Pawson" box="[973,1196,1759,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 3. In: Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. (Pawson, D. L., ed.) American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 26: 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson 1977:100</bibRefCitation>
). Based on this, the single southern African specimen, briefly described above, appears referable to this species. It is characterized by the presence of fusiform rods in the body wall, best developed in the tail and much smaller racquet-shaped bodies. Pawson states that anchors, rosettes of racquet-shaped plates and tables with three or more perforations and a solid spire are usually absent in specimens over
<quantity id="2A4B9B527B55FF90FC16F8DFFBDBF863" box="[959,1046,1914,1940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
, “having being transformed into very numerous light to dark red phosphatic deposits.”(
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B55FF90FCBFF804FC3DF84C" author="Pawson" box="[790,1008,1953,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1977) Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. 3. In: Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. (Pawson, D. L., ed.) American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 26: 97 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson 1977:100</bibRefCitation>
). Hence the propensity of phophatic bodies and the scarcity of racquet-shaped bodies and spired tables. This is the second record of this species from southern Africa, the first is that of
<bibRefCitation id="89224B467B54FF91FDC0FF3DFC9CFF45" author="Cherbonnier" box="[617,849,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1965) Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). R e sultats Scientifiques: Holothurides. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 3 (2), 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1965">Cherbonnier (1965)</bibRefCitation>
from a single
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specimen collected at
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from
<collectingCountry id="95A476277B54FF91FF73FF1BFEF2FF2F" box="[218,319,190,216]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Cabinda</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="95A476277B54FF91FEE6FF1BFE62FF2F" box="[335,431,190,216]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Angola</collectingCountry>
). The South African material differs from Cherbonnier’s specimen by the rarity of racquet-shaped deposits and spired tables, perhaps due to its size and/or age.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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