280 lines
36 KiB
XML
280 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7C43754182169F157C054B66CDEBE5A6">A new species of the genus Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from Costa Rica.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9DC2A94995E03B59B44A5B4D5A89E90D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BD67631F39B48908CE5A6A48FCA16BC8">Dubovikov, D. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="71EA090B1061FA917D0075B60190063D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="83BF1431CD6CCAB2E272F97A4D0DAB8F">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AE7F09C1FAB6D0BC6338DE5DFEC57D99">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="96689099759E791602DAA449F9742E9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D8C7D98221B6B128CA2E899D13042FB">
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<mods:date id="BD2FFAFA071D690E8FB3E44F6A8B1E75">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:location id="E6BB6731DF6297389259F8F622F79F10">
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<mods:url id="3C289B680817219F854D42440038AB97">http://www.antbase.org/ants/publications/20352/20352.pdf</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="401A416E3D7AD52C50B2E5EB153A7896">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8515AF84C47E2DDA18F02B131BB6CC6F" type="HNS-Pub">20352</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270295" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="0009BAE08A3769564727E90560A2B4EF" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6814A6400DA1576BAD20069DBAAAE391" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="CEB2C7E070F6E68BD63E8E3A1EF05335" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov and Longino</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9875E959693F550D837F7ACFDD3E31CE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A20DF52542E4E32F2097910ABC851C56" pageNumber="3">Figures 1-5</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="561C04621AE880EB4E26FD4B4C96EDEF" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="1605A1351766D6AC9B6796BA5BA1E270" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893044" collectingDate="2003-02-22" collectingMethod="sweep sample" collectionCode="INBio" collectorName="J.S. Noyes" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916666667" location="Guanacaste Conservation Area, Estacion Cacao, 1100 m, tropical moist forest" longitude="-85.50" specimenCode="JTLC000004280" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="BEC8AED4F84F29E9586F58860877AD4C">Holotype</typeStatus>
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queen:
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<collectingCountry id="52DCA8399971DEA4A9EAE2422A9065EB">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="120D266D3EBE96D1475B106A08D86A57">Prov. Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8860DF85C3DC30968CE0FE0B983C995B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C:8860DF85C3DC30968CE0FE0B983C995B" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916667" longitude="-85.5" name="Guanacaste Conservation Area, Estacion Cacao" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste">
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Guanacaste Conservation Area,
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||
<normalizedToken id="5CFD8F3607EF247CC97F0090BAFC84FE" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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||
Cacao
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||
</location>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EA197A192EB3047CF2F46EB139C17E64" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.916667">10°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="E6E37C868FD31CF227FD43876F7B9C11" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-85.5">85°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<location id="AC7DD6216D867873AA36EEC6E0FC1B97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C:AC7DD6216D867873AA36EEC6E0FC1B97" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916667" longitude="-85.5" name="1100m" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste">1100m</location>
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,
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<date id="DEEE2300CB6FC78B386FE316395CBF9E" day="22" month="02" value="2003-02-22" year="2003">
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<collectingDate id="8322337BFEC0ED58F28AB39564200B59" day="22" month="02" value="2003-02-22" year="2003">22 Feb 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<location id="CAE7B39AD0A632112FDED17CBE227C58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C:CAE7B39AD0A632112FDED17CBE227C58" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916667" longitude="-85.5" name="tropical montane moist forest" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste">tropical montane moist forest</location>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="1FF1D3334BF35C6AF11A3AE3964323C4">sweep sample</collectingMethod>
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(
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<collectorName id="36E15F9A8F1032E3D6B2ABB276DE3FF8">J. S. Noyes</collectorName>
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), specimen barcode
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<specimenCode id="3354000A3B2F25F1C4C821AEF0F9B786">JTLC000004280</specimenCode>
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||
[
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<collectionCode id="25ED859C59C824179DA4C4AFE246969A" collectionName="Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)">INBio</collectionCode>
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||
].
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D6D7FF7D151D8DABBA283F66EDDEFC6" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="C3C98792C241D79D13B1F9AA27C1C129" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893048" collectingDate="2003-02-22" collectingMethod="sweep sample" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="J.S. Noyes" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916666667" location="Guanacaste Conservation Area, Estacion Cacao, 1100 m, tropical moist forest" longitude="-85.50" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus id="0045EEA76556735E294F65781726BF06">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 3 queens and 3 males, same data as holotype [
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<collectionCode id="D795C9C54419445C3D0BCF59AB7B24B6" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute">ZIN</collectionCode>
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||
];
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="23008103E4AE9C9E5E88A375BA3BED03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893045" collectingDate="2003-02-22" collectingMethod="sweep sample" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="J.S. Noyes" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916666667" location="Guanacaste Conservation Area, Estacion Cacao, 1100 m, tropical moist forest" longitude="-85.50" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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queen and 2 males, same data as holotype [
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<collectionCode id="77845ADB41E56C5B4B0A5835137B12E2" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZC</collectionCode>
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||
];
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="160AB1ABA88C574C4182EF6F5F44BB98" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893050" collectingDate="2003-02-22" collectingMethod="sweep sample" collectionCode="LACM, INBio" collectorName="J.S. Noyes" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.916666667" location="Guanacaste Conservation Area, Estacion Cacao, 1100 m, tropical moist forest" longitude="-85.50" stateProvince="Prov. Guanacaste" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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2 queens, same data as holotype [
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||
<collectionCode id="7D8DC4D5D30AFBDE352063BC3DAD6B3D" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="285256815C39AD49076952F1E2BAA4A3" collectionName="Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)">INBio</collectionCode>
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];
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3D1E8711E28A218BB2CC76B5A6FC95A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893049" collectingDate="2003-04-19" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="R. Vargas C." country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.33333333" location="La Virgen, 500 m" locationDeviation="11 km SE" longitude="-84.0666667" specimenCode="05-RVC-007" stateProvince="Prov. Heredia" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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5 workers,
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<collectingCountry id="3D739F247467D4478EC9BC4B45FBB0DF">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="F9CEB9501EDC1F8816880C6DC35F55B3">Prov. Heredia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="54EB7C73B7824B6BDB07145A2FDDE7D0">11 km SE</locationDeviation>
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||
<location id="9F0E57B33AB415A389BFA0FEC6ECF70B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C:9F0E57B33AB415A389BFA0FEC6ECF70B" country="Costa Rica" name="La Virgen" stateProvince="Prov. Heredia">La Virgen</location>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="924BF115570071F130D05D441E3C589D">10º20´N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="38DCB7C2FEE0846F29BA048C5FED52CE">84º04´W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="466CCAF119B716CC538A5A3FC8903BF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E5652E976214BEE8A62BA6DD13B2B9C:466CCAF119B716CC538A5A3FC8903BF8" country="Costa Rica" name="500m" stateProvince="Prov. Heredia">500m</location>
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,
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<date id="AD76A669AD120966859A778EE1EB2DF6" day="19" month="04" value="2003-04-19" year="2003">
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<collectingDate id="799D45B8172D814863C94050337EAEF9" day="19" month="04" value="2003-04-19" year="2003">19 Apr 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="380AAEFE33B8D40FFD41100961CA70B7">R. Vargas C.</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCode id="76D5166683E972AFDEBCF00EF5678708">05-RVC-007</specimenCode>
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||
[
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<collectionCode id="24680B41B2C8541E814BE7D542D1B6E2" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
];
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="D7EB5FC00EC6A0E63EA738632C00BEBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893047" collectingDate="2003-04-19" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="R. Vargas C." country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.33333333" location="La Virgen, 500 m" locationDeviation="11 km SE" longitude="-84.0666667" stateProvince="Prov. Heredia" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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4 workers, same data [
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<collectionCode id="4BB5BC5CD196A09433FD93E0B4C4B948" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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||
];
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="92C00FD94F462A12BC4CA251A2DFFBB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893046" collectingDate="2003-02-16" collectionCode="CAS, INBio, LACM, UCDC, USNM" collectorName="J. Longino" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.33333333" location="La Virgen, 500 m" locationDeviation="11 km SE" longitude="-84.0666667" specimenCode="JTL4938" stateProvince="Prov. Heredia" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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5 workers, same data but
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<date id="D21F4CEC65A517E26B36646FA2EF101B" day="16" month="02" value="2003-02-16" year="2003">
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<collectingDate id="87782692C4E3813BB16445AFAB0DAD8B" day="16" month="02" value="2003-02-16" year="2003">16 Feb 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="A588BBFBEA7BB90E9363EE5F943ECE4F">J. Longino</collectorName>
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||
(
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<specimenCode id="0FA56521E76053ED1C0D26F1239C45AC">JTL4938</specimenCode>
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) [same colony] [
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<collectionCode id="3D4211064A6EB5D273705D68FC4C75FE" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="0E80E68DC81DE8D6C33D9DE533340838" collectionName="Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)">INBio</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="1AB918FF787ABDBD51BA0F5E7D76C5C9" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="02172131C46677707C36457732ABF5E8" collectionName="USA, California, Davis, University of California, R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology">UCDC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="8B28CC4E5B1382587A03F8779BEBDF3B" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
]
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="957ED143C8CBF89D10F5F473488F4EEF" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A4BDDD387F6F447A460508761C04629" pageNumber="5">Holotype measurements: HL 0.600; HW 0.526; SL 0.424; TL 0.697; TH 0.448; PH 0.227; TI 0.643; CI 0.876; SI 0.706.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34054C4FA56AF04947A43F4735C12EDF" pageNumber="5">Paratype measurements (average for 3 queens): HL 0.600; HW 0.543; SL 0.436; TL 0.700; TH 0.450; PH 0.257; TI 0.643; CI 0.905; SI 0.726.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A610F2EA50F9B96ABD2F094674033915" pageNumber="5">Paratype measurements (average for 5 workers): HL 0.586; HW 0.520; SL 0.434; PH 0.239; CI 0.888; SI 0.742.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D67BDBEF346B0118B1002C6D2FFC183" pageNumber="5">Paratype measurements (average for 3 males): HL 0.457; HW 0.479; SL 0.257; OL 0.171; PH 0.179; OI 0.667; CI 1.047; SI 0.563.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="434C0469A1E15BFE8E068D9018CAE292" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7AFCCC560A9B92DEB41677E7BF7B90CB" pageNumber="5">Etymology: named for the paradoxical occurrence of this species in the New World, when the genus was previously considered strictly Old World.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A36868A62F31B2C5C7A649A9AE48E3A2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F5ED28BE8A29B18E7419508AC06D6BA6" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis: Queen with short suberect setae on mesosoma and gaster; queen mesosoma short and high (TI> 0.64); worker mesosoma with impressed metanotal groove.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4B18067875FE021FECF07C7D12DAB71A" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4E6484FCEF8B9090E0715D3951A065E9" pageNumber="5">Description (queen): Palp formula 4:3; head oblong, with rounded posterolateral vertex margins; suberect hairs of variable length on genae (Fig. 2a); clypeus broad, width in center 0.2 mm (average for 4 queens), with curved setae on anterior margin; mandible long, with outer and basal margin subparallel, masticatory margin with three teeth and 4- 5 denticles; mesosoma short and high, with erect setae on dorsum and posterior face of propodeum; wings with closed cubital and radial cells (Fig. 1c); petiole with strongly developed ventral lobe, dorsal scale inclined anteriorly; gaster with many long setae on posterolateral margins of tergites; body dark brown; entire body with short suberect pubescence, distance between hairs subequal to length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A0831360CBF56339ED0D1E57E216E06" pageNumber="5">Description (worker): Palp formula 4:3; medial hypostoma absent (Fig. 3d); head with two long setae on the frons, two on the posterior clypeal margin, and many curved setae on the anterior clypeal margin; metanotal groove impressed (Fig. 3a); dorsal face of propodeum rounded, much shorter than posterior face; petiolar node scale-like, tall, inclined anteriorly; ventral margin of petiole with prominent lobe (Fig. 3c); gaster with long setae on posterior margins of tergites; pubescence short and dense over entire body; body dark brown, with lighter antennae and legs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73BF74FAC08A46899EDE3BE9E70B712E" pageNumber="5">Description (male): Scape long, projecting beyond outer eye margin (in face view) by about half of its length; propodeum rounded, without differentiated dorsal and posterior faces; petiole with short anterior peduncle; petiolar node low, thin, vertical; ventral margin of petiole with small anterior denticle and strongly developed medial lobe (Fig. 4); sagitta thin, with apex weakly folded down.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6395ADBEC520960FC93745E34B0D4509" pageNumber="5">Description (larva): Body with two protuberances on the prothorax, located ventrolaterally; hairs short; eight pairs of spiracles (Fig. 5).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9DC1B808C56C9BF832FC8FBD5F5C0EB8" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="987760721ED6CFC83108D0EB32F292BD" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">
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Biology:
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<taxonomicName id="E6C76B5DD445A3D3ECB241C927929A52" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Bothriomyrmex paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from two different collections from widely separated localities in Costa Rica (Fig. 1). One collection was made in February 2003, during the Project ALAS expeditions to the 500m site on the Volcan Barva transect. The expeditions were based at the "El Ceibo" guard station, on the west bank of the Rio Peje. The station building itself is in pasture abutting mature rainforest. A few meters inside the forest a large tree had fallen sometime during the months prior to the expeditions. A few of the tree's leaves were still green; most were brown but still attached to branches. There were still extensive epiphyte mats covering the trunk and major branches. Longino collected from beneath these mats and found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F179243F8B6C3D9FE30B5D2179998F19" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers and brood piles to be abundant beneath most of the mats. Large Margarodidae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) were also scattered amongst the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6F4A59BAD4F4D2DF7A54AD28F87AE37" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other ant species occurred under the mats and were somewhat interdigitated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB264A9A031A842103DF849C8A5473D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although much less abundant. These included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D06BFB4C68336DD60BAC8611CF861FED" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">Hypoponera opacior</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a small yellow
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E28144856A94A94A80EC98A8860D75B8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solenopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C7A6C6AF265C5FE3E3D0CF63EDE162C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tapinoma Förster" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tapinoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Smaller nests or aggregations were also found of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62B3F49249DE44A722577208425A1721" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182990" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster sotobosque Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sotobosque">Crematogaster sotobosque</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59D03ADD1E6E7CD674E69BE63B71B7BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33618" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole biconstricta Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biconstricta">Pheidole biconstricta</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One part of the tree, near the pasture edge, was being invaded by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33BC29E1541D68767DF18A36398F5343" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36277" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminata">Solenopsis geminata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I found only workers and brood. Ronald Vargas of Project ALAS collected more from the same tree in April. His collections included two adult males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6BAC2A01C4419634F8B980034249F35A" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A28C4274068C3CB4B2ADDAAEBCF229B" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The second collection was also made in February of 2003. John Noyes of The Natural History Museum (London) was taking large sweep samples from vegetation at several Costa Rican localities and extracting Encyrtidae, his primary focal taxon. He also separated ants and sent these samples to Longino. Each sample contained hundreds to thousands of ants, including many alates. In the sample from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A14A722728FE132AAC18DE9B926E09B" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cacao were about a dozen males and a similar number of dealate queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7C100AA739C7DB098041716311ED84C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The habitat at Estacion Cacao is a mosaic of mature montane moist forest with epiphyte-laden trees and abandoned pastures. This is a site on the Pacific slope of the northern-most cordillera in Costa Rica, 170km from the El Ceibo site on the Atlantic slope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3005B033116DFD35973A174E91539CA" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3C704AFB2B49495F0483AEFC75D883" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Comments: Although it is typical to choose workers as holotypes of ant species, we have chosen a queen because queens exhibit much greater morphological differences among species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC93A45FD3F227A3B720267CA9FE6ECC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is true of several dolichoderine genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CF4167D58F332F4FE2450640FD127D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2370" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Azteca Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Azteca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8477B695FF5BB5A71672AA03F3AD105" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tapinoma Förster" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tapinoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, Longino (1991) used queens as holotypes in taxonomic work on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E923154A00CA66A0EC5902E214853AC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2370" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Azteca Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Azteca</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7243E50FFF2DD7DE9AA77FEE51F5833" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33C72A7C629A2DE41EA38B47F1173398" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
undoubtedly belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EEFE6C10B12DC000E7938FD8F988058" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has all the traits typical of the genus: 4:3 palp formula, strongly reduced hypostomal margin, and a characteristic venation on the forewing of the queen (closed discoidal cell, RM-2 absent, and radius reaching costal margin of wing). The systematics of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF83142F0A06A3CC9C3D770D0BA03BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
are complex, and the previous classification (Dubovikoff, 2002) is not complete.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C05C28689C2854ECD60BA50B59B3C094" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Bothriomymex paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74F6FD9267D3C40FB569B9361AF85837" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.s. and not among the Asian and Australian species (Dubovikoff unpub.). However, it does not fit cleanly into one of the Palearctic species groups. The short suberect setae on the queen's mesosoma and gaster is a trait also found in members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E43F87139FF73F9D9AE366026351B10" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26086" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex syrius Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syrius">B. syrius</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EAA3BFB146C55DDEC084E2C1CF96971" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26086" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex syrius Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syrius">B. syrius Forel</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95CCFE0D10B1A9399235E8C0F12D45D8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26087" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex turcomenicus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcomenicus">B. turcomenicus Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7CC22AFA2F68F2D1A320036F0543990" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26061" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex communistus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communistus">B. communistus Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77A86BF33BF158B2B570013C5283ECC0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26073" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex kusnezovi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kusnezovi">B. kusnezovi Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D90AF88A32510B02C90C1C5C62712D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224646" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex urartus Dubovikoff" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urartus">B. urartus Dubovikoff</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="223FC2E0A2670305349BDEF5B18B8C47" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">B. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all species of this group by the higher and shorter mesosoma of the queen. TI of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="885D0F07DBA64161CECD931C2323DEEE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">B. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.64, while other species have TI <0.50. Also, the impressed metanotal groove on the worker is a trait found in members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACE2FD1AE1FA67105BD054E1A9996579" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26070" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex gibbus Soudek" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">B. gibbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and not in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="177CAC5AEEF21CA74B8DD08F8CA1D77C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26086" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex syrius Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syrius">B. syrius</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13FEA2F4CD271C8D92770C841F900ACE" pageNumber="8">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDCC6A59D11BB9774D5DC9C826B40F50" pageNumber="8">
|
||
This is the first collection of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="664F484DF94F27B73CBF71BE88770611" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the New World. The occurrence in mature forest habitats and the fact that it is not conspecific with any known Old World species suggest it is truly native and not a recent introduction.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF70858A8EA70A7900A62208C33B54E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Bothriomyrmex paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a very old species, long isolated from the Palearctic species. Other putative relict species in Central America include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="730FF314DE0D05E83E06A783E108173B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36811" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Technomyrmex fulvus (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">Technomyrmex fulvus (Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
||
1934) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0879F26E45A5727169C796AE1F2EDA6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Perissomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Perissomyrmex snyderi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snyderi">Perissomyrmex snyderi (Longino and Hartley</taxonomicName>
|
||
1995). Central America appears to be a refuge for several ancient lineages of ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="792BEACA0583B3409C5405A1D6468C5E" lastPageNumber="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In the Palearctic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D77115280BEDED2934DF212183AA80" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothriomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. s. are temporary social parasites of monogynous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57737102CDB42945C4C89F859F09327F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tapinoma Förster" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tapinoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is unknown whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5087AAF602798F5200158CC0A19BD514" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">B. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a temporary social parasite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDCDE2E63ACCD683F10C53F606975F7C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2484" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tapinoma Förster" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tapinoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given its geographic isolation, elucidating the nest foundation behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9CA781E7A15121136876A77D5FC7630" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:186331" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothriomyrmex paradoxus Dubovikov & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">B. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be particularly valuable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |