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<document id="E4C871BF7E7A8001630FF9695635FBBF" ID-CLB-Dataset="25706" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77176672-46b6-4038-94bc-19d42179a207" ID-PMC="PMC3088040" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-74-1" ID-PubMed="21594135" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-74-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 74" ModsDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia’s Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" checkinTime="1451250850120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Loughman, Zachary J. &amp; Simon, Thomas P." docDate="2011" docId="5AE4001ED58344A021F2D2EC6C2B4676" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 74: 1-78" docOrigin="ZooKeys 74" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" docTitle="Orconectes ((Crockerinus)) obscurus Hagen 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="6864053DFFF0FFA5B11CFFA0557B1B45" masterDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1732746555280" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B911702A426966E73B62BFCDCE75046D">Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C778E4A06BC47DBDD26A0A723E49825">Loughman, Zachary J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="969FD9B863463A6A8C7338AE911B34CD">Simon, Thomas P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="969FB42C0A2079D0F0615F73BA7A99D7">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF826FD5ABD8DF4D53EC772DEE6FBCE1">74</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5AE4001ED58344A021F2D2EC6C2B4676" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AE4001ED58344A021F2D2EC6C2B4676" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AE4001ED58344A021F2D2EC6C2B4676" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" scope_family="Cambaridae" scope_order="Decapoda">
<subSubSection id="22F97C64ABC21CCD999E08DEAB080DA3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EEBFDC5056ACDE0ECA01AFBD05A72B4F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="1528CF11465FEB39DA5960B6FE8F9228" ID-CoL="7W5Z3" authority="Hagen, 1870" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1870" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes ((Crockerinus)) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="(Crockerinus)">Orconectes (Crockerinus) obscurus (Hagen, 1870)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6FD5390646F12E7267500741BFD2F06" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="90990913EC5E5CA3014F171952BB3203" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="7AE3A1C34BCEC2664D2EF41BD99F983F" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Cambarus obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1C8FFF564724C0D368BC6441CE56C9E6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hagen 1870</bibRefCitation>
:69, figs. 72-75, 154.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B674C4018C8E4B47FA997596A020375D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="884A32E4E18DB70A8EF02D39E9D4C680" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinquus">Cambarus propinquus</taxonomicName>
var. obscurus
<bibRefCitation id="28623E85FEA721DF128E99C70C9251B9" author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="356 - 361" title="A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Museum." volume="8" year="1885">Faxon 1885</bibRefCitation>
:92.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="735072620E5DD0DC70608F57203055E7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="F885A49B044A44A2D66D9A0A0E502C1A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus subsp. obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subSpecies="obscurus">Cambarus propinquus obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="08E49CA74179FFE56740F42CED336C28" author="Hay, WP" journalOrPublisher="North American Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="957 - 966" title="Synopsis of North American invertebrates. VI. The Astacidae of North America." volume="33" year="1899">Hay 1899</bibRefCitation>
:960.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC441C233AF13D3F5CC88CF2EF41550E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="02EBF6B517701169E1A96CBD7C3A5828" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Faxonius">Cambarus (Faxonius) obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="57FD26037962B6B626080403492A2443" author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="91 - 136" title="The mutual affinities of the species of Cambarus, and their dispersal over the United States." volume="44" year="1905 b">Ortmann 1905b</bibRefCitation>
:112;
<bibRefCitation id="69D906B9EA05FEED74C331BC8403CD78" author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">1906</bibRefCitation>
:369, figs. 1, 2, 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED722BA99AC228744E200E6B67F4EEE5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="919873FE71BC93CECCF2C8C0CF72E333" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Faxonius obscurus</taxonomicName>
Creaser 1933:5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8732517E9695166EDB3020BD98F570F4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="D3756BEAF461E7DEFAFE4E84F36387D6" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius (Faxonius) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Faxonius">Faxonius (Faxonius) obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D1030E6465D1663AA93161A8E73CEBA1" author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" title="Seasonal changes in male populations of Faxonius propinquus." volume="253" year="1933 a">Creaser 1933a</bibRefCitation>
:5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85080BF880922EFE9E3D661DB16DEA1A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="AD49082D34E1492A729FDBB6C4DC78A6" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="AC2050B2B64D5DB66BBB4D3787AD56D0" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="344 - 357" title="A generic revision of the crayfish subfamily Cambarinae (Decapoda: Astacidae), with the description of a new genus and species." volume="28" year="1942 a">Hobbs 1942a</bibRefCitation>
:352;
<bibRefCitation id="B775B51962B43B62762614012132129F" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 161" title="A checklist of North and Middle America crayfishes (Decpaoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae)." volume="166" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
:36, fig. 117.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA909AB9C7222D0926B954BED950BBA" author="Crocker, DW" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="The crayfishes of New York State (Decapoda: Astacidae)" volume="355" year="1957">Crocker 1957</bibRefCitation>
:36, 53, 75, figs. 5-6.
<bibRefCitation id="436E424DCCC397F9394585F26C34D268" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 79" title="Geographic variation in the crawfish Faxonella clypeata (Hay) with the definition and defense of the genus Faxonella (Crustacea: Astacidae)." volume="10" year="1963">Fitzpatrick 1963</bibRefCitation>
:61;
<bibRefCitation id="459C527A0358B5F27C4701DEBDB07F61" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="129 - 172" title="The Propinquus group of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Astacidae)." volume="67" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
:160, figs. 3, 11-15, 25.
<bibRefCitation id="59F63F4FE820420BE7FF83F706B6E173" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
:31.
<bibRefCitation id="DDE310B0F44BFB396C830BB44C709DF7" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 384.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321B8E7C2779E2DCD181FD3C9FB7A124" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="CA48F6D6AE207BD27AB28914ABF37B2A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Orconectes) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Orconectes">Orconectes (Orconectes) obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="A79C1A862E293CE881CEA86CFEAD872B" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Publications of Biological Science Series" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 179" title="Crayfishes of Florida." volume="3" year="1942 b">Hobbs 1942b</bibRefCitation>
: 154.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E35A8C68AEBAB3926AF0FAF89CD6F902" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="2E55D0F0503D1405F8691363BAC82EDE" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Crockerinus) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Crockerinus">Orconectes (Crockerinus) obscurus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="6A5DBAC949943396E30FFF4DABF4E3B7" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="44 - 74" title="The subgenera of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae)." volume="100" year="1987">Fitzpatrick 1987</bibRefCitation>
:50.
<bibRefCitation id="C2A96180DF822A7A7BFB17EB5F451F90" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 36, fig. 155.
<bibRefCitation id="E82D5F444B4D19D47CBD682CFD3A0290" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
:26-34, figs. 11
<normalizedToken id="46479CAD3463A0E6FF1A7E709E324510" originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
11h. Loughman 2010: 50-53, fig. 16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56EB42C0C58BD3188B03357A7CB1C7F0" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C92F62022A305DBF34B4781043689DBB" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DCA7B78EABF9856697E4FE327342E61" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Rostrum with slightly converging margins, not thickened, with marginal spines or tubercles; median carina absent; postorbital ridges possessing a sharp spine. Cephalothorax ovoid, slightly, dorsoventrally compressed, without setae. Areola 3.7-6.6 times longer than wide, comprising 27-39% of TCL, with 2-3 rows of punctations across narrowest region; cervical groove interrupted just above cervical spine; lacking hepatic spines; suborbital angle obsolete. Antennal scale about 1.5 times as long as
<pageBreakToken id="3636D20343C071DAB6DCC31964E4F924" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">wide</pageBreakToken>
; basiopodite spine of antenna well developed. Ischiopodite of antenna without spine. Chelae smooth, broad and robust, length 91% of TCL; mesial surface of palm consisting of two well developed rows of tubercles; mesialmost row consisting of 7-11; dorsolateral row with 5-11; lateral margin of propodus smooth, dorsal surfaces of both dactyl and fixed finger of propodus with weak dorsolateral ridges; some elongate setae at base of fixed finger. First form gonopods short, comprising 33% of TCL, with two terminal elements about equal length; corneous central projection comprising 23% of pleopod length, tapering distally to point; mesial process non-corneous, spatulate, partially surrounding central projection; cephalic base of central projection with right angle shoulder. Form two male gonopod non-corneous, blunt, shoulder not prominent or absent. Female annulus ventralis deeply embedded in sternum, moveable, wider than long, cephalolateral prominences well developed, distinctly separated by a trough; fossa rather deep, sinus sinuate in caudal 67% of annulus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11B9B121EA5E786ACB8C531B61E1D651" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="color in life">
<paragraph id="AA6F861DA740BA52077B353A4D7D4454" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Color in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9958FB67939136621D233BE8F6F75A99" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Carapace, abdomen and dorsal surface of chelae brown; rostral margins, caudal edge of carapace, and anterodorsal surface of terga dark brown; tips of chelae and knob at base of dactyl orange; tubercles on mesial and lateral margins of dactyl, mesial margin of palm, and mesial margin of propodus, and two spines or tubercles on anterodorsal surface of carpus yellow; reddish stripe on lateral margin of chelae; ventral margins beige.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C64BC2F0ED3F589E095EBD7F6D367F47" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="28E4FCA1B76F4041E6B105A43D323CD0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6865E59C20CC1261021E3D6414D44A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="0098BF47C409AA14CECBFCF34A1069AB" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
were collected from six counties at 16 locations in the current study, as listed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD7C152499A5E77E34BC62525AE6E6CE" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
BROOKE COUNTY: Buffalo Creek at RT 2 crossing in Wellsburg, 40.261375 -80.61508; 4 September 2005 - (WLU 05090402), 2 I♂, 3 ♀. Cross Creek at entrance to Bruin Drive adjacent to Brooke High School, 40.306442 -80.5997; 28 June 2005 - (WLU 05062803), 1 ♀; 4 September 2005 - (WLU 05090403), 2 I♂, 1 II♂, 2 ♀. (3.) RT 2 crossing of nameless tributary 2.27 km (1.41 mi) S of Beech Bottom, 40.23163 -80.6523; 28 June 2005 - (WLU 05062801), 4 II♂. RT 2 crossing of nameless tributary in Beech Bottom proper, 40.306442 -80.5997; 28 June 2005 - (WLU 05062801), 1 ♀. HANCOCK COUNTY: Hardin Run 0.81 km (0.5 mi) from CR 2-7/RT 2 intersection on CR 2-7, 40.533314 -80.60326; 23 August 2005 - (WLU 05082302), 2 I♂, 1 ♀. Holbert Run 1.61 km (1.0 mi) from CR 2-8/ RT 2 intersection adjacent to CR 2-8, 40.474045 -80.58584; 23 August 2005 - (WLU 05082303), 1 I♂, 1 II♂, 1 ♀. Kings Creek at RT 2 crossing, 40.435715 N / 80.592514 W; 17 October 2005 - (WLU 05101701); 3 I♂, 4 ♀. Tomlinson Run backwater at RT 2 crossing, 40.54026 -80.628075; 8, March 2005 - (WLU 06030801), 9 I♂; 30 March 2005 - (WLU 06033001), 1 I♂. MARSHALL COUNTY: Big Grave Creek at Ohio River confluence in Moundsville, 39.9046 -80.75731; 20 July 2005 - (WLU 05072003 1 ♀; 4 September 2005 - (WLU 05090401), 2 I♂, 1 II♂. Fish Creek at RT 2 crossing, 39.808643 -80.81616; 30 October 2005 - (WLU 05103002), 7 I♂, 2 ♀; 30 April 2006 - (WLU 06043001), 8 O♀. Little Grave Creek at RT 2 crossing in Moundsville, 39.920944 -80.748566; 28 July 2007 - (WLU 05072807), 1 I♂, 1 II♂, 4 ♀. Nameless tributary at RT 2 crossing adjacent to Columbia Chemical operations, 39.85933 -80.79305; 28
<pageBreakToken id="281ED86FAC76BE13B8D4F77B1121F253" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">July</pageBreakToken>
2007 - (WLU 05072809), 2 I♂. OHIO COUNTY: Short Creek at RT 2 crossing, 40.18312 -80.676865; 4 September 2005 - (WLU 05090404), 2 I♂, 2 ♀. PLEASANTS COUNTY:
<normalizedToken id="4B02FD6B3ED1A7518B3B98D12E42A7B0" originalValue="Ben’s">Ben's</normalizedToken>
Run at RT 2 crossing, 39.46337 -81.08457; 28 July 2005 - (WLU 05072802), 1 I♂, 2♀. WETZEL COUNTY: Fishing Creek at RT 2 crossing, 39.63576 N/ -80.85848; 20 July 2005 - (WLU 05072001), 2 II♂, 1 ♀. Proctor Creek at RT 2 crossing, 39.70037 N/ -80.81791 W; 20 July 2005 - (WLU 05072001), 2 II♂, 3 ♀.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="743FF490297A9BC549E8775F890B974C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="46F84F4A9DD9A1B480A8F0A2F04B7AC3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A555FC3F8BD1779FF0F6CFE6743BC15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="F9E5C997016D8FCAD3498B472917DD1D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
occurs in north-west New York south through western Pennsylvania and north-central West Virginia, east to
<normalizedToken id="6AF0E50B9627F488E29D38447AB0CCE0" originalValue="Maryland’s">Maryland's</normalizedToken>
portion of the Youghiogheny River system and west to the Flushing Escarpment of Ohio (
<bibRefCitation id="1D372903B689BB72A311D8FE0F734F34" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Ontario populations are considered introduced (
<bibRefCitation id="25527D234B8F279BA482F87AC6FA8208" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="521EDD41B980646DA953E0A049739143" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
distribution in western West Virginia appeared to be limited to the Upper Ohio North and Upper Ohio South drainages (
<bibRefCitation id="C4BF663F17C950FEC198C33772A0EE08" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E3EC8D0F325689A03AE466CBC4D5A146" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
reported the southern extent of
<taxonomicName id="B72D434011DB357300F10123B23603D9" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
range adjacent to the Ohio River as Proctor Creek at the Marshall/Wetzel counties line, and documented
<taxonomicName id="DE189A9E6B57B05BA4AADF4DFFB30986" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
replacing
<taxonomicName id="0881D4EF2BC3CE3C8EBD684016B27BC7" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
inFishing Creek, Wetzel County.
<bibRefCitation id="14970CB494F8B49A228B470E5A73C16B" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
also documented
<taxonomicName id="37F8E40DA0CB8779D6A2C9ACD620100D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
as the dominant orconectid for the Middle Ohio North, Middle Ohio South, and Lower Ohio basins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8C3E6A89F5A66A58797C14FD8982457" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="FB898BC8459078408A65715A52E9DE27" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
has undergone a southern range expansion since
<normalizedToken id="5B86AAA192F51CA7A122BE6BD4BA7F35" originalValue="Jezerinac’s">Jezerinac's</normalizedToken>
surveys in the 1980's (Figure 19). The southern extent of its range currently is
<normalizedToken id="0974D3385B23C628A33AA4514A604CAF" originalValue="Ben’s">Ben's</normalizedToken>
Run, Tyler County.
<taxonomicName id="6B4A055DA0D8FDA9433359E20E855D7B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
's northern limit currently is Middle Island Creek, due north of Saint
<normalizedToken id="7C02693D39DEF7427D37463EA408689A" originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
, Pleasant County.
<taxonomicName id="00524935A50CAFB84595EAC910207D36" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AB16013A4990DF4F43416C64BC4DC8B8" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
divide the Middle Ohio North basin, with
<taxonomicName id="28014FCB6AA417364E34AAC292C9494F" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
inhabiting northern portions of the basin and
<taxonomicName id="81359524E3ED3C59334C30799579C874" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
inhabiting southern portions (Figure 19).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C340A2DD992C6950F25F1E11B02563DF" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="89C50A7B6230023C98B2EB02B5D69074" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figure 19.
<taxonomicName id="491D74140EF5BDFE02FC9D3EC8FBE8FE" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="79E02A0FF8FCA1B84BCB445A433865BC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
distribution along the West Virginia portion of the Ohio River floodplain
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B7546EAD6D62BAFEB64C54571E5D9CC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The southward expansion of the range of
<taxonomicName id="C2823220C6DF2A73CE174390BC4CD360" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
could be natural or an anthropogenic event.
<taxonomicName id="685E5920C636FD67E608B55408933BCC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
are used as bait because of their ease of capture and high densities (
<bibRefCitation id="F073515308DC3B94FD666EA1745D5466" author="Distefano, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="586 - 597" title="The bait industry as a potential vector for alien crayfish introductions: problem recognition by fisheries agencies and a Missouri evaluation." volume="34" year="2009 b">Distefano et al. 2009b</bibRefCitation>
), so bait bucket release may explain the southward range expansion.
<taxonomicName id="F890D03CE815FDD6CE20B185B61DED3B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
has a history as an invasive, with such populations present in New York and Ontario, Canada (
<bibRefCitation id="493526AD5BF3495BA4028FAEBC21F299" author="Crocker, DW" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Handbook of the crayfishes of Ontario" year="1968">Crocker and Barr 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3AD02C04351957730E52AA945E49AE6C" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Many of the streams containing
<taxonomicName id="24ECC68F8BB0B7BC65D89F3E377F5A6B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
populations in the southern region of the Middle Ohio North basin are second or third order streams that do not harbor large game fish populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C597DF3189489972C5E2A9CFBD4E021" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Two alternative hypotheses explaining this expansion may include previous misidentification and natural expansion.
<taxonomicName id="8545C4B06DB049FB8AA55370E05EE3C6" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
may have always been present historically where the species was collected in this survey, and misidentified by previous investigators. It is also possible that the species has expanded under natural conditions southward since the 1980's, specifically invading the Hannibal Pool of the Ohio River and replacing
<taxonomicName id="BE48E5B74291F29571C826D1E9BF76E8" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
in the mainstem. After displacement of
<taxonomicName id="6967C3144A2D6741251DD43A366A0FEE" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
in the Ohio River mainstem, additional streams could be colonized via stream confluences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5805D2AA46DD6ED5318036379995A36F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="morphometrics">
<paragraph id="5ED406075189B43D1718149F1BE2FC57" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Morphometrics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16AB8A4B89108CF02A8EAD6236BBAFE5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The largest individual was a 39.0 mm TCL form I male collected in Tomlinson Run backwater in Hancock County. The largest female was collected from the confluence of Little Grave Creek and the Ohio River in Marshall County and possessed a 37.4 mm TCL. Mean TCL for the species was 29.2 mm (n = 82, SE
<pageBreakToken id="CF5B8D1B9ED781B672B850EEDF614A7D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">=</pageBreakToken>
8.77). Sexual dimorphism is displayed in this species, with form I and form II male chelae significantly larger (t(345) = 6.8201, p = 0.0001) than female chelae. Morphometric data for
<taxonomicName id="197473B9F598D6C587B91F29B6B3924E" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
is presented in Table 8.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AB24A82E07C5AF98FC37C266D66DB3E0" ID-Table-UUID="AB24A82E07C5AF98FC37C266D66DB3E0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AB24A82E07C5AF98FC37C266D66DB3E0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="8BFD311D4762902CB89631F9F2A6FCC5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Table 8. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
<taxonomicName id="14DA470FF73EA86D72EB154ECE5FC84E" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
morphometrics.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="587048789CCF472B7D503CAB848A6D5F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<table id="1E1948289ACC8933ADBCFA7282F65BD3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<tr id="D1D2FEC59546A9BBCBFF951D76571B7F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="F3F0D9783B27B5A069DFF999B7BA95FF" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
<th id="4EFBB86D0449516039CA0472CEBAD1CD" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">N</th>
<th id="E507F8F789D39C5E274B5797C533A989" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Minimum</th>
<th id="E54CFCC1905F84367B7DAF390A71D55A" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Maximum</th>
<th id="0F55EFCC2729DACA53931BB8416D8982" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
<th id="8E30497E4A8844A219E6C51944AE23C7" colspan="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">Standard Deviation</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3084F5CD3E8ABC9C8661C51934E944AE" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="habitat and natural history">
<paragraph id="22AA537316C8A9F5EB73E4D2A74FF18F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FAC7440207AC5A4D46D4AEE48949C77" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="CE424C7B23AB4C073A56677889A62EE1" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
(Figure 20) occupy stream habitats throughout the central and northern regions of the floodplain. Habitats include first through fifth ordered streams and Ohio River backwaters. Healthy populations of
<taxonomicName id="FEBDBE56B0B137E8D42FAA3A2B197446" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
occur in all 3rd through 5th ordered streams from
<normalizedToken id="06B4F01958B45D9B822C69ED601BAABF" originalValue="Ben’s">Ben's</normalizedToken>
Run, Tyler County, north to Tomlinson Run, Hancock County.
<taxonomicName id="3EECAE79EED383D047B2D0AEBC47817A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
were frequently collected from streams within two specific macrohabitats. Slab boulders and leaf packs were utilized by all demographics; form I males were associated primarily with slab boulders. Leaf packs in pool thalwegs were utilized with increased frequency by
<taxonomicName id="D8EC8EA1A11FAEB83F81D88A6326F5E4" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
juveniles. Based on captive observations, leaf packs offer both structural protection and periphyton for foraging (Z. Loughman personal obs.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="11F60B5056800102ABC5E3DA81CE3382" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="7E18C993F9F84ECEB24C9BB00EB7EACB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Figure 20.
<taxonomicName id="FDED61DE381D34A21310DE67B4AA9760" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
, Upper Ohio North basin, Ohio County, West Virginia - WLU 05072807
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3904F66EBE0B620635C67D0F62CA8A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="398C77F71BC510A3D88156FB99E8609A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
is also a tertiary burrower, creating minimal burrows under substrate items. Small gravel and cobble piles usually were present along margins of slab boulders harboring
<taxonomicName id="0FC65465004A804ACB415A79239EFE14" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
. One significant behavioral difference between the genera
<taxonomicName id="9FA2B95B6CD49C83FCA241B0E0FD71AC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0022DAC66BD8E10F5D840EA06D0ED822" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cambarus</taxonomicName>
along the floodplain is the difference in expressed territoriality.
<taxonomicName id="0FFF1BB6BF68DEDFF9BC994F508E9EE4" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
and other orconectids displayed limited territorality. In one instance in Cross Creek, Brooke County, 11 individuals were collected from a single slab boulder.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2503A0C6E7117D0A17C9BB18E3CEC28D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="8D5B8795A2F59C12F5042D8DA03EE637" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
were collected from two ephemeral streams. This habitat has not previously been reported for the species, and is rarely reported forany
<taxonomicName id="47DF3052A912587D233C29F036B820A1" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
species(
<bibRefCitation id="9845466281C669CBCCC8163FFF729C23" author="Distefano, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the North American Benthological Society" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="142 - 152" title="Imperiled crayfishes use hyporheic zone during seasonal drying of an intermittent stream." volume="28" year="2009 a">Distefano et al. 2009a</bibRefCitation>
). In Brooke County,
<taxonomicName id="5C557511C07A5AAE6414CCD498B1667F" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
were observed in a first order stream tributary to the Ohio River mainstem, foraging
<pageBreakToken id="4706F55F0D8D97AA83944B99C9220D81" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
large mats of
<taxonomicName id="669661DCB66E90FD033DD7CFFAF4E572" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Cladophoraceae" genus="Cladophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cladophora" order="Cladophorales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Cladophora</taxonomicName>
spp. In another headwater stream in Brooke County, they were collected 1.5 km from the river mainstem and had traversed three 1.0 m waterfalls and their associated plunge pools. It is likely that these crayfish inhabit the mainstem of the river and had migrated into the stream, returning to the river during periods of drawdown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A917D9CB8EA6CDB885FE368E49C1664" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="DED0DB3C7EAD0704150340FB3458CD4B" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="906990F8BDF83AAB5BB4734653552DF1" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
's and
<taxonomicName id="119766E0348EB3AEDCBB2544959EE2BA" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
's life cycle in West Virginia. Form I males are present from fall into winter and mate in the early spring. After spring mating, males molt into second form in late June and proceed throughout most of the summer in this condition (Table 9). Life history data collected during this study validate Jezerinac et al.'s (1995) findings. Beginning in late April and continuing through mid May, females extruded eggs and carried instars. Ovigerous females were collected on 8, 9, and 12 May 2007. Pleopodal egg counts averaged 113 (n = 8 females,
<pageBreakToken id="718F2C1431D1C42811DB17DC6BAC673C" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">SE</pageBreakToken>
= 18.2) with a mean egg diameter of 1.7 mm. There was no correlation between pleopodal egg number and TCL (r2 = 0.88, n = 8). Beginning in late June of both 2005 and 2006, young of the year were frequently captured, indicating their release from
<normalizedToken id="7CA4A573FEA684FA00A4D662106BAC1D" originalValue="female’s">female's</normalizedToken>
pleopods. Males in late July and early August underwent a late summer molt into first form condition (Table 9). After this molt, mating effort increased through late summer and fall until winter hibernation. In addition to the late summer molt, males molted in mass during May at the same time that females became ovigerous. This life history mirrors that of Ohio populations as well (
<bibRefCitation id="FD51201B2513FB502D6E121D6AB96AAB" author="Fielder, DD" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="129 - 145" title="Some aspects of the life histories of three closely related crayfish species, Orconectes obscurus, Orconectes sanbornii, and Orconectes propinquus." volume="72" year="1972">Fielder 1972</bibRefCitation>
). Crayfish associates collected with
<taxonomicName id="DE679D50A5207AB53206A11740BAE71C" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
include
<taxonomicName id="2C9D715AA5F146C4677FB43DE919CA99" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus carinirostris" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinirostris">Cambarus carinirostris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="17A790C5D1A40FA9727A6364B7194F0B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus bartonii subsp. cavatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bartonii" subSpecies="cavatus">Cambarus bartonii cavatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0DC112A139962F83935B6B540AF45DF2" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus robustus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Cambarus robustus</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="043EA13FD4BFDAE7D1B52DE9C6AC9CFC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="743EEE3876FD96798C9DE5BE69700038" ID-Table-UUID="743EEE3876FD96798C9DE5BE69700038" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/743EEE3876FD96798C9DE5BE69700038" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph id="470FCD018038C0C0192142CBD7900067" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Table 9. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
<taxonomicName id="8855831A75DD4D819549CF7B988ECD4D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="20C736CF00A0EF2671A9462AB73D2337" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procambarus</taxonomicName>
seasonal demographics.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5940FE8B7D635BB94A5172667C3493F4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<table id="E8F1F9C41B266A12110945DBAE976A76" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<tr id="CBB51A733FDA1F5449D2A1212A76A85A" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<th id="C1AB22E92D0F28949C0FCF2BA47E7CCB" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th id="1EDA8ACC3357C991B4270925850CC600" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">J</th>
<th id="B7B1E17636905BA890D52668677EBEAF" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">F</th>
<th id="82DA7A4F0E16AA96686278276796E11E" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">M</th>
<th id="823A8E8CC5BB62479CF0171B896F1571" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">A</th>
<th id="13D08A0251F7C4F3A3402AB847225ED9" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">M</th>
<th id="8F997008EC48668D60ECB7011924648F" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">Jn</th>
<th id="576085718CCBEA92C70CBDEE0E5773A2" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">J</th>
<th id="BD80ACA13604011CAE5AC15DC8CED6A1" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">A</th>
<th id="67A220A407DD205639C4F2A57444A00F" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">S</th>
<th id="12677C6C4EDBB73B44749CB28B4A44B1" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">O</th>
<th id="DB0C3B18047FD6B0A04995B88026A2B2" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">N</th>
<th id="73FC1E5175E58DED29CAC57E9E695293" colspan="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">D</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E95C27BD058F773BF6850D36BA345EF8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<td id="DA8712853D6C320B22EA1DF2823AC042" colspan="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="4D8079EDA608C75804950AA289693900" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Cambarus) obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Cambarus">Orconectes (Cambarus) obscurus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="81581A0417FA3562C60CA2AF5D567036" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<td id="6485D7667C839FC3B0F6E2273E4D6674" colspan="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="94307B0F325FE0C9ABBC047D4E26A2C4" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Cambarus) sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii" subGenus="Cambarus">Orconectes (Cambarus) sanbornii</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09794F468BCA7933AFAD06DA4ABFB468" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<td id="D9AA0A9F1ABE1B3A3C83A7072932E672" colspan="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="AE5FB605C05D4DF00E702BEA26BF422D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Gremicambarus) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="Gremicambarus">Orconectes (Gremicambarus) virilis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DAA67AE6B496E5F19B8F849424673D56" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<td id="320F866AFAFB506E1DD38AE5623BB131" colspan="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="06B26EC3F9CBED822E6376C2EF63F76B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Procambarus) rusticus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticus" subGenus="Procambarus">Orconectes (Procambarus) rusticus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F328C78D2830F6E6376FCEE763D349D4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<td id="5577D24208B2AFF24179643FB8BDC1EE" colspan="13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="9FF577CAE4DDDBF3E10D24DD54A99549" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procambarus (Orconectes) acutus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus" subGenus="Orconectes">Procambarus (Orconectes) acutus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E51DF811FF1AB7D749F3D382A0526BBA" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="conservation status within study area">
<paragraph id="4358FCBF2FC1F42ACCD1F0B9B928EC66" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conservation status within study area.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="15BCFBFA22556C6B44426288168EDE9C" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="0EB81844A80398B23662A7B136CD7B88" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
populations are stable and expanding southward along the floodplain. Determining if this expansion is a natural or anthropogenic event is important for conservation of any crayfish species that
<taxonomicName id="A1C1EA63D444F6AAAFCFA38DA8B5CDB4" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
may ultimately extirpate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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