138 lines
25 KiB
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138 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="572A11F951D637768C7CF043852A1DDD">A revision of Centrioncus Speiser (Diptera, Diopsidae, Centrioncinae) with descriptions of new species from Angola, Burundi, and Kenya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="969CF4C22D97EFEEE8EA0C917B7305C8">Feijen, Hans R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2492908ADE44E637644A83A358EB9210" type="email">hans.feijen@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7C62DE38590E4717709ACC62D0D48086">Feijen, Cobi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="330C70CFA5D76E599A15C62EBB373DD1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="59930BB6F858501ABFC1693ADF28C4C1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209152252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:59930BB6F858501ABFC1693ADF28C4C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/59930BB6F858501ABFC1693ADF28C4C1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="E9F8D30539B9E70AD03ACF9CEB777619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A68F5393FF9BB9C532FA76F9EC8AB6DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="D688DD056E21FBAC3F717A3BDC66C864" ID-CoL="89NWS" LSID="59930BB6-F858-501A-BFC1-693ADF28C4C1" authority="Hennig, 1965" authorityName="Diesing" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Centrioncinae">Centrioncinae Hennig, 1965</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4D994D96B8EF30637D946E2A487DCC26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4B95C4A9E2ABB0D169766C420CD0882D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F42CD5193C882B8D867A583BCECF4911" authorityName="Feijen" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Centrioncinae">Centrioncinae</taxonomicName>
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: Hennig, 1965: 62;
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<bibRefCitation id="09E72087E6514C146AB3AA64B94DFDF5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00763.x" author="Shillito, JF" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="287 - 295" refId="B49" refString="Shillito, JF, 1971. The genera of Diopsidae (Insecta: Diptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 50 (3): 287 - 295, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00763.x" title="The genera of Diopsidae (Insecta: Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00763.x" volume="50" year="1971">Shillito 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 288;
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<bibRefCitation id="2AF06E2DE2DC2EF8DFF4A7660C094B0F" author="Steyskal, GC" journalOrPublisher="Serie A, Biologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 20" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/94956" refId="B54" refString="Steyskal, GC, 1972. A catalogue of species and key to the genera of the family Diopsidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. Serie A, Biologie 234: 1 - 20, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/94956" title="A catalogue of species and key to the genera of the family Diopsidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/94956" volume="234" year="1972">Steyskal 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="7CC1ACC11C22808E4479FF39E8DE4306" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 137" publicationUrl="http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149145" refId="B12" refString="Feijen, HR, 1983. Systematics and phylogeny of Centrioncidae, a new Afromontane family of Diptera (Schizophora). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 202: 1 - 137, http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149145" title="Systematics and phylogeny of Centrioncidae, a new Afromontane family of Diptera (Schizophora)." url="http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149145" volume="202" year="1983">Feijen 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 67 (as
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<taxonomicName id="1EC71A356AF58CB74E293A7662856AD1" class="Insecta" family="Centrioncidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Centrioncidae</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="3B8BB0DA308BA4CAC5DA6804865973CF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B16" refString="Feijen, HR, 1989. Diopsidae. Volume IX, Cyclorrhapha III (Schizophora other than Calyptratae), Part 12: 1-122. In: Griffiths GCD (Ed.) Flies of the Nearctic Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" title="Diopsidae. Volume IX, Cyclorrhapha III (Schizophora other than Calyptratae), Part 12: 1 - 122. In: Griffiths GCD (Ed.) Flies of the Nearctic Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" year="1989">Feijen 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 115 [as
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<taxonomicName id="A154EA389376AADC3880995E922F2782" class="Insecta" family="Centrioncidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Centrioncidae</taxonomicName>
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];
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<bibRefCitation id="2B16DB76D4DF081F6A125F1DCD3B07C6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1264" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 194" refId="B40" refString="McAlpine, DK, 1997. Gobryidae, a new family of acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Diopsoidea), and a discussion of relationships of the diopsoid families. Records of the Australian Museum 49 (2): 167 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1264" title="Gobryidae, a new family of acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Diopsoidea), and a discussion of relationships of the diopsoid families." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1264" volume="49" year="1997">McAlpine 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 170;
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<bibRefCitation id="71D52E65F12501A70050A49FC32A443C" author="Hilger, S" editor="Papp, L" journalOrPublisher="Appendix, Science Herald, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="335 - 343" refId="B27" refString="Hilger, S, 2000. A.7. Family Diopsidae. In: Papp, L, Darvas, B, Eds., Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to Flies of Economic Importance). Appendix, Science Herald, Budapest: 335 - 343" title="A. 7. Family Diopsidae." volumeTitle="Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to Flies of Economic Importance)." year="2000">Hilger 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 335;
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<bibRefCitation id="DCDC74E0C2B9D5DD4384C3FEC947B75C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.381128.x" author="Meier, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B43" refString="Meier, R, Hilger, S, 2000. On the egg morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Diopsidae (Diptera: Schizophora). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38 (1): 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.381128.x" title="On the egg morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Diopsidae (Diptera: Schizophora)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.381128.x" volume="38" year="2000">Meier and Hilger 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 1, 6;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD4E1C2EE17F0D7CBD2696811B420AE0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/106351501750107512" author="Baker, RH" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="87 - 105" refId="B2" refString="Baker, RH, Wilkinson, GS, DeSalle, R, 2001. Phylogenetic utility of different types of molecular data used to infer evolutionary relationships among stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Systematic Biology 50 (1): 87 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/106351501750107512" title="Phylogenetic utility of different types of molecular data used to infer evolutionary relationships among stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/106351501750107512" volume="50" year="2001">Baker et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 89;
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<bibRefCitation id="132BA9AD4AE63FE18F059AA364A60139" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631202X00181" author="Meier, R" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="325 - 336" refId="B42" refString="Meier, R, Baker, RH, 2002. A cladistic analysis of Diopsidae (Diptera) based on morphological and DNA sequence data. Insect Systematics & Evolution 33 (3): 325 - 336, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631202X00181" title="A cladistic analysis of Diopsidae (Diptera) based on morphological and DNA sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631202X00181" volume="33" year="2002">Meier and Baker 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 332;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C398DB78EFAE6D7BD534559F52053A7A" author="Nartshuk, EP" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 250" publicationUrl="https://roev.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Narchuk-E.-P.-Opredelitel-semejstv-dvukrylyh.pdf" refId="B44" refString="Nartshuk, EP, 2003. A key to the families of Diptera (Insecta) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries (with a short review of families in the world fauna) [in Russian]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 294: 1 - 250, https://roev.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Narchuk-E.-P.-Opredelitel-semejstv-dvukrylyh.pdf" title="A key to the families of Diptera (Insecta) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries (with a short review of families in the world fauna) [in Russian]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, St." url="https://roev.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Narchuk-E.-P.-Opredelitel-semejstv-dvukrylyh.pdf" volume="294" year="2003">Nartshuk 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 246 [as
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<taxonomicName id="DDCADE80F0C292D21251EE2A0A228FBD" class="Insecta" family="Centrioncidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Centrioncidae</taxonomicName>
|
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];
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<bibRefCitation id="B0ED48F9F256405932295439636C4826" author="De Meyer, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Afrotropical Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 29" refId="B8" refString="De Meyer, M, 2004. A new Centrioncus (Diptera: Diopsidae, Centrioncinae) species from the Taita Hills, Kenya. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 1: 25 - 29" title="A new Centrioncus (Diptera: Diopsidae, Centrioncinae) species from the Taita Hills, Kenya." volume="1" year="2004">De Meyer 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 25; Kotrba and Balke 2006: 843;
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<bibRefCitation id="17BC6152875754E2D4FB168DCC4275D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631210X507027" author="Kotrba, M" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="295 - 302" refId="B31" refString="Kotrba, M, Carr, M, Balke, M, 2010. The systematic position of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Insect Systematics & Evolution 41 (3): 295 - 302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631210X507027" title="The systematic position of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631210X507027" volume="41" year="2010">Kotrba et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 299;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EBFF9E2175E08041A1AC2729D41B9E2B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1585" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 166" refId="B41" refString="McAlpine, DK, 2011. Observations on antennal morphology in Diptera, with particular reference to the articular surfaces between segments 2 and 3 in the Cyclorrhapha. Records of the Australian Museum 63 (2): 113 - 166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1585" title="Observations on antennal morphology in Diptera, with particular reference to the articular surfaces between segments 2 and 3 in the Cyclorrhapha." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1585" volume="63" year="2011">McAlpine 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 150;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A401860EAD9AFB1096000B27FC636A5F" author="Feijen, HR" editor="Kirk-Spriggs, AH" journalOrPublisher="Suricata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1523 - 1543" publicationUrl="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" refId="B20" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, C, 2021. 64. Diopsidae (Stalk-eyed Flies and Afromontane Forest Flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, AH, Sinclair, BJ, Eds., Manual of Afrotropical Diptera (Vol. 3). Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae. Suricata 8: 1523 - 1543, https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" title="64. Diopsidae (Stalk-eyed Flies and Afromontane Forest Flies)." url="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" volume="8" volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera (Vol. 3). Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae." year="2021">Feijen and Feijen 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1523.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E70C6CA55897B387DE9BD53DE62654D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type genus">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F09545D3F0CD2565D94EC4957B84873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type genus.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="77D9BFE677ADEE607B75B1F110E6618F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F93E8E28CA54E307884F65B839BE659" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Centrioncus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Centrioncus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58617B90059114D16CC485BA09ABA2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Centrioncus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Speiser, 1910: 190.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="522E89E7F5DC007B2CC7DDA2DC7A7844" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A66855F3C45F73BAB3DA392057BDCF3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="8864422504611FC37FBD0A87F5342715" authorityName="Feijen" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Centrioncinae">Centrioncinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D53960AA80CCB62751DA3022E0BFB1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Updated version of the diagnosis by
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<bibRefCitation id="C5F0D1411B747254B692BEA9D50E25A3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B16" refString="Feijen, HR, 1989. Diopsidae. Volume IX, Cyclorrhapha III (Schizophora other than Calyptratae), Part 12: 1-122. In: Griffiths GCD (Ed.) Flies of the Nearctic Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" title="Diopsidae. Volume IX, Cyclorrhapha III (Schizophora other than Calyptratae), Part 12: 1 - 122. In: Griffiths GCD (Ed.) Flies of the Nearctic Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19910380108" year="1989">Feijen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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for
|
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<taxonomicName id="B8C3F17C92DF1F4B4B6ACEF4E069DE51" class="Insecta" family="Centrioncidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Centrioncidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Small (4-7 mm), slender flies; head rounded (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0717E0DD2C9EF0D2AE7286F0E1F62579" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Centrioncus aberrans 9 Mount Elgon, ♀, habitus, lateral view 10 - 12 Timboroa Forest, ♂ 10 head, dorsal view 11 head, frontal view 12 thorax, lateral view. Arrows indicate glossy spots on frons. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803916" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
|
||
); eyes not stalked; pedicellus without cleft and in lateral view strongly asymmetrical; funiculus (=first flagellomere) ventrally extended within sagittal plane ~ 1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17D0E2A03509685FFB44E8FAB43A02E1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of pedicellus, funiculus with a large basal hollow on dorsal half, into which the strongly asymmetrical pedicellar conus is inserted; tripartite pubescent arista; one pair of outer vertical setae and one pair of fronto-orbital setae; lanceolate basiliform prosternum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E39792C325F9D7444A9EA28ADE28713" captionStart="Figures 126–131" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figures 126 - 131. Centrioncus jacobae, paratypes 126 Mt Ndirande 127 - 131 Mt Soche 126 ♂, habitus, lateral view 127 ♀, thorax, dorsal view 128 ♂, head, anterolateral view 129 ♀, basiliform prosternum, ventral view 130 ♀, fore femur, inner view 131 ♂, hind femur, inner view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (126 - 128); 0.2 mm (129 - 131)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figures126-131" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803946" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">129</figureCitation>
|
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); supra-alar ridge (carina) present; no pleurotergal spines, three pairs of scutal setae, one pair of scutellar spines with apical setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD2DDEDEFBD7553BEA6E01141392EBA" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 117. Centrioncus decoronotus, ♂, Nyahururu, Ngare Naro Forest. Photograph by D. Gavryushin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figure117" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">117</figureCitation>
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), apical setae varying from 20% shorter to 25% longer than spines; costa unbroken, alula present (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C38FF96EFF8800621C0D5CC447398631" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Centrioncus, dorsal view of wings 1 ♂, C. aberrans, Timboroa Forest 2 ♀, paratype, C. bururiensis sp. nov., Bururi Nat. Forest 3 ♂ C. bytebieri, Ngangao Forest 4 ♀, paratype, C. copelandi sp. nov., Kasigau Mtn. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803914" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
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-
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||
<figureCitation id="9BCE4D73088137DFEE6441E9A4B6CA37" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5 - 8. Centrioncus, dorsal view of wings 5 ♀, holotype, C. crassifemur sp. nov., N'dalatando 6 ♂, C. decoronotus Njuki-Ini Forest 7 ♂, C. jacobae Mount Soche 8 ♀, C. prodiopsis, Oloitokitok. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figures5-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803915" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
|
||
), veins CuA+CuP and M4 reaching margin, impression of crossvein bm-cu visible, wings transparent with or without vague spots; incrassate fore femora with double series of ventral tubercles and spinous setae; slender hind femora with distal set of small tubercles; no apical spurs on mid and hind femora; syntergite consisting of tergites 1 and 2; ♀ segment 7 sclerotised basally in complete ring, ♀ sternite 7 transversely divided, ♀ tergite 8 and sternite 8 each consisting of two sclerites; ♂ tergite 6 half as long as tergite 5, main part of ♂ sternite 7 located on left side, very large inverted ♂ sternite 8 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="172A0E258EDC2FEB15B126ABE37FCC98" captionStart="Figures 136–138" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figures 136 - 138. Centrioncus jacobae, ♂, Mt Soche 136 holotype, abdomen, hind femur, lateral view 137 epandrium, surstyli, posterior view 138 paratype, subepandrial clasper and surstylus, inner view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (136); 0.1 mm (137, 138)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.95619.figures136-138" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">136</figureCitation>
|
||
) on both sides fused to sternite 7 which forms a complete ventral band of sclerotisation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C138ACC4F7302D0F61C3382F59861F1" author="Feijen, HR" editor="Kirk-Spriggs, AH" journalOrPublisher="Suricata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1523 - 1543" publicationUrl="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" refId="B20" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, C, 2021. 64. Diopsidae (Stalk-eyed Flies and Afromontane Forest Flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, AH, Sinclair, BJ, Eds., Manual of Afrotropical Diptera (Vol. 3). Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae. Suricata 8: 1523 - 1543, https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" title="64. Diopsidae (Stalk-eyed Flies and Afromontane Forest Flies)." url="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/our-work/biodiversity/manual-afrotropical-diptera.html" volume="8" volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera (Vol. 3). Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae." year="2021">Feijen and Feijen 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 38); abdominal spiracles 1-6 in membrane, ♀ 7th spiracles in tergite or not, ♂ left 7th spiracle in laterally located sternite 7 and ♂ right 7th spiracle in ventral band of sclerotisation; three (2 + 1) spermathecae; elongate, striated eggs; articulated three-lobed surstylus with tubercles and often spinous setae; subepandrial sclerite with clasper-like ventral lobes and large mesal plate; membranous ♂ cercus; small phallapodeme with posterior two-thirds fused to hypandrium, hypandrial clasper usually present; postgonites and epiphallus present, phallus a short solid structure with a complex distal section; ejaculatory apodeme + sac present, seminal ducts without distinct reticulated transverse structures.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |