treatments-xml/data/59/70/84/597084C1640CD63238456C32D7638D9C.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea01dfa1-5c94-4a89-804b-aa8037d4dacc" ID-PMC="PMC3935421" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-376-1" ID-PubMed="24574849" ID-ZBK="2B58574A5FCF40D19A3AFB4D13D33A92" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-376-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 376" ModsDocTitle="Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)" checkinTime="1451246380649" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger J. &amp; Holzenthal, Ralph W." docDate="2014" docId="597084C1640CD63238456C32D7638D9C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 376: 1-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 376" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047" docTitle="Oecetis verrucula Blahnik &amp; Holzenthal, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="7C5F98FC-0131-40A1-B9DB-A022D04F937E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="3A31DE5CFF94FFE90671FF839B6AAD3F" masterDocTitle="Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668157599346" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review and redescription of species in the Oecetis avara group, with the description of 15 new species (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Holzenthal, Ralph W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>376</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050821" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7C5F98FC-0131-40A1-B9DB-A022D04F937E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/597084C1640CD63238456C32D7638D9C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7C5F98FC-0131-40A1-B9DB-A022D04F937E" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="60" pageNumber="61">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 26, 44, 57, Map 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
This species is nearly identical in color and in the shape of the inferior appendages to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
. Character similarities include, particularly, a prominent ventral lobe of the inferior appendage, which is very distinctly acutely angled with respect to the dorsal lobe, and also the general shape of the phallobase, which is short and strongly arched ventrally. The only definitive diagnostic character separating this species from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
is the presence in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
of a small preapical &quot;rugose wart&quot; on the ventral surface of the phallobase.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
lacks this character, but may have the extreme apex of the phallobase slightly burred or ridged. A character state similar to that in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
sp. n., which is otherwise quite different in morphology. Considering the relatively minor nature of the difference, it is possible that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
should be considered a variant of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
. However, because the range of variability in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
still needs to be assessed, and also because the character state in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
is consistent over a wide distribution in which it is nearly invariant, we thought it best to assign this form to its own species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
This species is most readily diagnosed by its coloration, yellowish with a tinge of brown, darker than
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
mexicana
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., and with relatively small and generally somewhat oval forewing spots, by the very prominent, acutely angled ventral lobe of the inferior appendage, and by the shape and structure of the phallobase, which has a small preapical
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wart”">&quot;wart&quot;</normalizedToken>
on its ventral surface. The last character is considered diagnostic. Species that are nearly similar in size and occur in sympatry,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis angularis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">Oecetis angularis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis protrusa" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protrusa">Oecetis protrusa</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Oecetis mexicana</taxonomicName>
, are likely to have the forewing spots distinctly rounded and the inferior appendages, as viewed ventrally, to be more distinctly angled basally (compare Fig. 26E with Figs 3E, 22E, and 18F). Among these,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis protrusa" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protrusa">Oecetis protrusa</taxonomicName>
, because both have the inferior appendage acutely angled.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis protrusa" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protrusa">Oecetis protrusa</taxonomicName>
additionally differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
in that the apex of the phallobase is distinctively shaped and somewhat protruding.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Oecetis mexicana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis angularis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">Oecetis angularis</taxonomicName>
both have the ventral lobe of the inferior appendage less protruding and not acutely angled.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis angularis" order="Trichoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">Oecetis angularis</taxonomicName>
also differs by having the apex of the phallobase V-shaped in caudal view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="adult">
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Adult.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Forewing length: male (7.8-8.5 mm), female (6.2-7.2 mm). Color generally pale yellowish-brown (darker than
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
mexicana
</taxonomicName>
), legs somewhat paler. Antennae whitish with indistinct, narrow annulations at intersection of antennomeres. Forewing spots small or very small; spots at base of discal and thyridial cells and base of fork V largest, these usually distinct and somewhat ovate, other spots small and indistinct; veins of forewing chord moderately spaced, usually with s and r-m relatively closely spaced, m more widely spaced; chord with small spots at juncture of major veins; apical spots, at apices of major veins, indistinct, but usually evident. Setae along veins in apical part of forewing elongate, prostrate, laterally diverging. Fringe of setae along costal margin of forewing dense, short, not strongly projecting.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="male genitalia">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Segment IX very short, with elongate setae along posterolateral margin. Tergum X with narrow, deflexed mesal lobe, lobe relatively elongate, nearly uniform in width, or slightly tapered apically, apex with small sensilla; lobe continuous basoventrally with short, paired lateral membranous projections. Preanal appendage moderately elongate, length 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="½–">1/2-</normalizedToken>
3 times maximum width, simple in structure, apical setae elongate. Inferior appendage with rounded dorsal lobe and angularly projecting ventral lobe; ventral lobe elongate and strongly projecting, forming acute angle with dorsal lobe, posterior margin of ventral lobe, as viewed ventrally (Fig. 26E), with mesal margin only weakly bent near base; basomesal projection distinct, forming rounded projection with short, stiff setae; dorsal lobe with stout, mesally-curved setae on dorsal margin and stout, ventrally-curved setae on mesal surface. Phallobase, as viewed laterally, short, tubular, ventral margin rather strongly arched or curved, not angular, preapically with distinctive rugose wart (Fig. 26B); as viewed caudally, with apex U-shaped (Fig. 26C). Phallotremal sclerite prominent, basally forming short tubular collar, ventral margin projecting, apex acute; asymmetrical lateral sclerite present, usually on right side.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Figure 26.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male genitalia: A lateral B phallic apparatus, lateral C phallic apparatus, caudal D inferior appendage, caudal E inferior appendage, ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Male (pinned), COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Hda. Tempisquito (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pelón">Pelon</normalizedToken>
de la Altura), 1 km NE km 265, rt. 1,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.84">10°50.400'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.56">85°33.600'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 100 m, 18.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, Clausen (UMSP) (UMSP000064973).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
MEXICO: Chiapas: nr. Pijijiapan, 5.vii.1965, P.J. Spangler, 1 male, 11 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Oaxaca: Rancho San Pablo, 17 km E Tehuantepec, 23.v.1981, C.M. &amp; O.S. Flint, Jr., 3 males, 2 females (pinned) (NMNH); nr. Tehuantepec, Rt. 190, km 808, 8-9.vi.1967, Flint &amp; Ortiz, 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Sonora: Alamos, 17.iii.1961, D. Beers, 2 males (alcohol) (NMNH); Veracruz: La Gloria Cardel, --i.1938, J. Camelo G., 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (NMNH); GUATEMALA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Matapa, 10 km SE Esquintla, 5-6.iii.1970, E. J. Fee, 5 males, 3 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Suchitepequez:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sis, 22 km S Finca La Maquina, 11.vi.1966, O.S. Flint, 1 male (pinned), 10 males, 1 female (alcohol) (NMNH); HONDURAS: Nacaome, 4.viii.1967, O. S. Flint, 5 males (pinned), 34 males, 2 females (alcohol) (NMNH); El Zamorano, 16.iv.1966, G.F. Freytag, 1 male, 3 females (alcohol) (NMNH); St. Barb., Casas Viejas, el 250 m, 20.v.1966, J.M. Natta, 23 males, 8 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Pespire, 1.viii.1967, O.S. Flint, Jr., 2 males, 15 females (alcohol) (NMNH);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Humuya, NW Comayagua, 3.viii.1967, O.S. Flint, Jr., 1 males, 4 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Comayagua, Hotel los Remos, south side Lago Yojoa, 15.xi.1987, L. Knutson, 2 males, 9 females (alcohol) (NMNH); EL SALVADOR: Quezaltepeque, 11.ii.1965, S. &amp; W.D. Duckworth, 1 male, 3 females (alcohol) (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Granada: Isla Zapatera, Costa La Perra,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.764717">11°45.883'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.84956">85°50.974'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 52 m, 18.vii.2001, Chamorro, Ruiz, Martinez, 5 males, 1 female (pinned) (UMSP); Reserva Silvestre Privada Domitila, stream,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.70435">11°42.261'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.949135">85°56.948'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 79 m, 26.vii.2001, Chamorro &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
, 1 male, 3 females (pinned) (UMSP); Leon: between La Leona
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">&amp;</pageBreakToken>
amp; Izapa, 30.iv.1995, J.M. Maes, 1 male, 2 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Rivas:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Las Lajas, ca. 2 km NW de El Genizaro,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.358833">11°21.53'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.792984">85°47.579'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1.vii.2000, L. Chamorro &amp; J. Lacayo, 2 males (pinned) (UMSP); COSTA RICA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Seco, NW Esparta, 23.vii.1967, O.S. Flint, Jr., 3 males, 3 females (pinned), 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (NMNH); 9 mi NW Esparta, 22.vii.1965, P.J. Spangler, 1 male, 2 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Las Canas, 13.vii.1965, P.J. Spangler, 8 males, 4 females (alcohol) (NMNH); Las Canas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cordobicí">Cordobici</normalizedToken>
, 26,vii.1967, O.S. Flint, Jr., 1 male (alcohol) (NMNH); Guanacaste: Colorado, 31.iii.1988, W. E. Steiner, J. M. Hill, J. M. Swearingen, J. M. Mitchell, 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Quebrada San Emilio,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.862">10°51.720'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.61">85°36.600'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 300 m, 27.vi.1986, Holzenthal, Heyn, Armitage, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Poza Salada,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.799">10°47.940'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.652">85°39.120'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 10 m, 24.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, Clausen, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tempisquito, ca 3 km S route 1,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.79">10°47.400'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.552">85°33.120'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 75 m, 6.iii.1986, Holzenthal &amp; Fasth, 14 males, 10 females (pinned), 240 males, 137 females (alcohol) (UMSP) (INBIO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tizate, 7.2 km NE Canas Dulces,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.773">10°46.380'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.449">85°26.940'W</geoCoordinate>
, el 275 m, 28.vi.1986, Holzenthal, Heyn, Armitage, 1 male, 3 females (pinned), 6 males, 4 females (alcohol) (UMSP); same data as holotype, 6 males (pinned) 8 males, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
This species is named
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
, as a diminutive of the Latin word verruca, a wart, and referring to the small preapical wart on the phallobase that is distinctive of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>