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<mods:title id="1DC309C7F1E39C4F51DD5A8D81A269C2">Phylogenetic history of golden moles and tenrecs (Mammalia: Afrotheria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16CE4E4011BDB5EDA2372D974C71417B">Mynhardt, Samantha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B0285FCD12F346BE46A96E6E3EFF942">Hofreiter, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D30D3E356ED70AE05C0BA4FB4A0238AF">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD50A63FBFDEB22B3" ID-CoL="87M" authority="Gray, 1825" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[363,543,1490,1516]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD50A63FBFDEB22B3" bold="true" box="[363,543,1490,1516]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysochloridae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D03236FFFFEBFFACD4E063D0FD872036" blockId="19.[128,778,1529,1960]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
Our analyses of extant taxa (
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD5CE63D0FE0F214E" box="[431,507,1529,1553]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD66963D0FDD6214E" box="[520,546,1529,1553]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">11</figureCitation>
) strongly support the placement of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD5796031FDE6216F" authorityName=", Bronner" authorityYear="1995" box="[280,530,1560,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Calcochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusirostris">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD5796031FDE6216F" box="[280,530,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Calcochloris obtusirostris</emphasis>
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as the sister taxon of the two species of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD534601EFE2D2110" baseAuthorityName="Bronner" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[341,473,1591,1615]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD534601EFE2D2110" box="[341,473,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysospalax</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD58B601EFD232110" box="[490,727,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysospalax trevelyani</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD4E1607EFEA52130" box="[128,337,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysospalax villosus</emphasis>
Smith, 1833
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. They also support
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD6FF607EFF3221D1" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Carpitalpa arendsi</emphasis>
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as the sister taxon to
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD5F4605FFDDC21D1" box="[405,552,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Neamblysomus</emphasis>
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, a clade which, in turn, forms the sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD5EA60BCFDF321F2" box="[395,519,1685,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD5EA60BCFDF321F2" box="[395,519,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
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. The species
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD6F760BCFCF021F2" box="[662,772,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">stuhlmanni</emphasis>
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, long regarded as part of the genus
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD58E609CFEE521B3" authority="(Bronner and Jenkins 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Bronner and Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD58E609CFD872192" box="[495,627,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysochloris</emphasis>
(Bronner and Jenkins 2005)
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, appears instead as sister taxon to a
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD6E460FDFEA82054" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD6E460FDFF3F2054" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiatica">Chrysochloris asiatica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD4B960DAFEA82054" authorityName="Shortridge &amp; Carter" authorityYear="1938" box="[216,348,1779,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Cryptochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptochloris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
clade. We therefore elevate
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD6F560DAFEB62074" authority="(Lundholm 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Lundholm" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Kilimatalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD6F560DAFCFD2054" box="[660,777,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Kilimatalpa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD4EA613AFEC32075" author="Lundholm BG" box="[139,311,1810,1835]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="279 - 303" refId="ref20255" refString="Lundholm BG. Descriptions of new mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1954; 22: 279 - 303." type="journal article" year="1954">Lundholm 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from subgeneric to generic status, leaving both generic names monotypic for extant species, in reference to
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD4E16178FE9D2036" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1894" box="[128,361,1873,1897]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Kilimatalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuhlmanni">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD4E16178FE9D2036" box="[128,361,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Kilimatalpa stuhlmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD5F86178FD992036" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[409,621,1873,1897]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD5F86178FD992036" box="[409,621,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysochloris asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D03236FFFFEBFFACD4FD6158FBA625E3" blockId="19.[128,778,1529,1960]" lastBlockId="19.[825,1475,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
Based on these results, we define the Amblysominae as the group encompassing
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<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD5C161B9FDE820F7" box="[416,540,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
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and its sister taxon
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD75866B9FB6027F7" box="[825,1172,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD75866B9FC2427F7" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" box="[825,976,144,168]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Neamblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neamblysomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7BC66B9FB6027F7" authorityName="Lundholm" authorityYear="1954" box="[989,1172,144,168]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Carpitalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arendsi">Carpitalpa arendsi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD0C666B9FB0727F7" box="[1191,1267,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD16066B9FAEF27F7" box="[1281,1307,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">11</figureCitation>
). Our data also support the intrageneric relationships of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0816686FAA82798" box="[1248,1372,175,199]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0816686FAA82798" box="[1248,1372,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as articulated by
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD7F466E7FB7D27B9" author="Mynhardt S &amp; Maree S &amp; Pelser I" box="[917,1161,206,230]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="0144995" refId="ref20697" refString="Mynhardt S, Maree S, Pelser I et al. Phylogeography of a morphologically cryptic golden mole assemblage from South-Eastern Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10: e 0144995." type="journal article" year="2015">
Mynhardt
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD06466E6FBC327B9" box="[1029,1079,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, in particular that the species
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD75866C7FC762659" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1931" box="[825,898,238,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marleyi">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD75866C7FC762659" box="[825,898,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">marleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7D466C6FB542659" authority="Bronner, 2000" authorityName="Bronner" authorityYear="2000" box="[949,1184,238,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meesteri">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7D466C6FBF72659" box="[949,1027,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">meesteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD06B66C7FB542659" author="Bronner GN" box="[1034,1184,238,262]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="41 - 54" refId="ref19145" refString="Bronner GN. New species and subspecies of golden mole (Chrysochloridae: Amblysomus) from Mpumalanga, South Africa. Mammalia 2000; 64: 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000">Bronner, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, previously regarded as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7C76724FBC2267A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[934,1078,269,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7C76724FC49267B" box="[934,957,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7AB6724FBC2267A" box="[970,1078,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">hottentotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, comprise the sister clade to all other species of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7CB6705FBD2261B" box="[938,1062,300,324]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7CB6705FBD2261B" box="[938,1062,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is also consistent with the treatment of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7EE6765FC2C263B" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1931" box="[911,984,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marleyi">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7EE6765FC2C263B" box="[911,984,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">marleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate species of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0AD6765FABC263B" box="[1228,1352,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0AD6765FABC263B" box="[1228,1352,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD10C6765FC7726DC" author="Bronner GN" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" refId="ref19080" refString="Bronner GN. Systematic revision of the golden mole genera: Amblysomus, Chlorotalpa and Calcochloris (Insectivora: Chrysochloromorpha; Chrysochloridae). PhD Thesis, Durban: University of Natal, 1995 a." type="book" year="1995">Bronner (1995a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD7F06742FC3126DC" author="Bronner GN" box="[913,965,363,387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="41 - 54" refId="ref19145" refString="Bronner GN. New species and subspecies of golden mole (Chrysochloridae: Amblysomus) from Mpumalanga, South Africa. Mammalia 2000; 64: 41 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
). As in the study by
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD0C36742FA6626DC" author="Mynhardt S &amp; Maree S &amp; Pelser I" box="[1186,1426,363,387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="0144995" refId="ref20697" refString="Mynhardt S, Maree S, Pelser I et al. Phylogeography of a morphologically cryptic golden mole assemblage from South-Eastern Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10: e 0144995." type="journal article" year="2015">
Mynhardt
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD1716745FAB526DC" box="[1296,1345,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, our data place
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7C267A3FB0B26FD" authority="Thomas, 1905" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[931,1279,394,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corriae">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7C267A3FB9326FD" box="[931,1127,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus corriae</emphasis>
Thomas, 1905
</taxonomicName>
, the only species of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7586783FC41269D" box="[825,949,426,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7586783FC41269D" box="[825,949,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
broadly distributed throughout the
<collectingRegion id="1249F81DFFEBFFACD1516783FC6726BE" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Western Cape province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="A89A766FFFEBFFACD7D867E0FBB426BE" box="[953,1088,457,481]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, as the sister taxon to the remaining non-
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD70B67C0FC4C255F" authorityName="Bronner" authorityYear="2000" box="[874,952,489,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meesteri">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD70B67C0FC4C255F" box="[874,952,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">meesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7A467C1FBFA255F" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1931" box="[965,1038,488,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marleyi">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7A467C1FBFA255F" box="[965,1038,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">marleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0E667C1FAF7255F" box="[1159,1283,488,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0E667C1FAF7255F" box="[1159,1283,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Amblysomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our data do not address the phylogeography of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD01D6421FAFF257F" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[1148,1291,520,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD01D6421FB672540" box="[1148,1171,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0FE6421FAFF257F" box="[1183,1291,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">hottentotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations outside of the
<collectingRegion id="1249F81DFFEBFFACD7C86401FBC02560" box="[937,1076,551,575]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
, but are also consistent with
<bibRefCitation id="B41C4B0EFFEBFFACD13A640EFC412501" author="Mynhardt S &amp; Maree S &amp; Pelser I" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" pagination="0144995" refId="ref20697" refString="Mynhardt S, Maree S, Pelser I et al. Phylogeography of a morphologically cryptic golden mole assemblage from South-Eastern Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10: e 0144995." type="journal article" year="2015">
Mynhardt
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD758646EFC932501" box="[825,871,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
by placing
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD045646EFAB12501" box="[1060,1349,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD045646EFB3A2501" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1913" box="[1060,1230,582,606]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">A. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0BD646FFAB12501" authorityName="Bronner" authorityYear="2000" box="[1244,1349,582,606]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">A. robustus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as the mostnested clade within the genus, sister to
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0BE644FFC8025C2" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
A. h.
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD17B644FFA722521" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[1306,1414,614,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Amblysomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hottentotus">hottentotus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F9CA5796FFEBFFACD1EE644FFC8025C2" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(i.e., populations near Grahamstown and
<location id="D5526024FFEBFFACD14F64ACFC8025E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:582487E9FFEBFFABD50A63FBFDA22798:D5526024FFEBFFACD14F64ACFC8025E3" country="South Africa" name="King Williams Town" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">King Williams Town</location>
in the
<collectingRegion id="1249F81DFFEBFFACD7D8648CFBB325E3" box="[953,1095,676,700]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D03236FFFFEBFFACD73464EDFB0923CD" blockId="19.[825,1475,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
The two information-theoretic criteria (BIC vs. AICc; see
<tableCitation id="9D0F0344FFEBFFACD75864CAFC7725A4" box="[825,899,739,763]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="15.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 5. Models of sequence evolution identified by PartitionFinder2 (Lanfear et al. 2016) and their corresponding molecular partition. BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion, AICc, corrected Akaike Information Criterion" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Table 5</tableCitation>
) we used to derive models of sequence evolution resulted in mutually consistent topologies except for the chrysochlorid root node. The BIC topology based on DNAindelsmorphology showed a trichotomy (
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD01B6568FB232406" box="[1146,1239,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
); the AICc topology placed a
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7C76549FACB2427" box="[934,1343,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7C76549FBEE2427" baseAuthorityName="Lundholm" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[934,1050,864,888]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Kilimatalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kilimatalpa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0466549FB5A2427" baseAuthorityName="Bronner and Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1063,1198,864,888]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chrysochloris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0DA6549FACB2427" authorityName="Shortridge &amp; Carter" authorityYear="1938" box="[1211,1343,864,888]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Cryptochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptochloris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
group (pp = 1.0) diverging from a clade containing the remaining extant chrysochlorids (pp =.56). Using only DNAindels, BIC favoured a divergence of
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD02E6597FAFF2489" box="[1103,1291,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD02E6597FB492489" baseAuthorityName="Faurby and Svenning" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1103,1213,958,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Eremitalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eremitalpa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0A86597FAFF2489" box="[1225,1291,958,982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Huetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Huetia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(pp =.67) from a clade containing other extant chrysochlorids (pp =.59;
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD75865D4FC60234A" box="[825,916,1021,1045]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
), whereas AICc showed a trichotomy. Neither BIC nor AICc Bayesian analyses including our fossil taxa resolved the root of crown
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD06D6215FB4D230B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[1036,1209,1084,1108]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chrysochloridae</taxonomicName>
, but both reconstructed
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7586272FC42232C" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="2015" box="[825,950,1115,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Namachloris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7586272FC42232C" box="[825,950,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Namachloris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7946272FB60232C" authorityName="Butler &amp; Hopwood" authorityYear="1957" box="[1013,1172,1115,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Prochrysochloris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7946272FB60232C" box="[1013,1172,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Prochrysochloris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the chrysochlorid stem (
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD7256253FC6E23CD" box="[836,922,1146,1170]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[113,174,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[127,1447,150,1829]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@18.[127,1446,161,1816]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12.Topologies resultingfrom Bayesian-BIC (A; left)and parsimonyimplied weightingK = 4 (B;right) analyses of extanttaxasampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S andstat5a)and indels,plus fossilsand morphologicaldata sampled forall.Bayesian branch lengthsreflect the scaleat the top left;parsimonybranch lengthsare arbitrary.Only chrysochloridsand Procavia are knownfor stat5a(andother regionsof missing data are shown in Table1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probabilityof oneunlessindicated otherwise.Numbersadjacentto parsimonynodes represent bootstrap values,calculatedwith 250pseudoreplicates of a TNTsearchusing mult = tbr 10 replicateseach andreported onlyat orover50.Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecidsgreen;fossils are darkershadesof each.Circled and colouredlettersadjacent tonodes indicate high-leveltaxonomy,as shown in Figure10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241160/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information,
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD0C96253FB1923CD" box="[1192,1261,1146,1170]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[129,194,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[150,1461,696,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-328@1.[129,1473,676,1871]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Right forelimb and hand skeleton of Amblysomus corriae in dorsal view (ZM 42553).Roman numerals indicate digital rays. Abbreviations:dt, deltoid trough; ef, entepicondylar foramen; fp, flexor process; hh, humeral head; me, medial epicondyle; oft, ossified flexor tendon; op, olecranon process; rfc, radius flexor canal; sc, supinator crest. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D03236FFFFEBFFACD73462B3FC0C2137" blockId="19.[825,1475,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
Besides the ambiguity surrounding the extant chrysochlorid root, and using either BIC or AICc for model selection, adding morphology to our DNAindel alignment led to one topological difference: the placement of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0A962DEFAB42250" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" box="[1224,1344,1271,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0A962DEFAB42250" box="[1224,1344,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister to amblysomines (pp =.92;
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD028633EFB552270" box="[1097,1185,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
) rather than
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD14C633EFC472211" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD14C633EFA412270" baseAuthorityName="Bronner" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1325,1461,1303,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chrysospalax</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD758631FFC472211" authorityName="Mivart" authorityYear="1867" box="[825,947,1334,1358]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Calcochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calcochloris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(pp =.87;
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD05A631FFB6E2211" box="[1083,1178,1334,1358]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Parsimony with implied weights favoured the latter (
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0F6637CFAFB2232" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" box="[1175,1295,1365,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD0F6637CFAFB2232" box="[1175,1295,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD154637CFA482232" baseAuthorityName="Bronner" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1333,1468,1365,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD154637CFA482232" box="[1333,1468,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chrysospalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD758635CFC4722D2" authorityName="Mivart" authorityYear="1867" box="[825,947,1397,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Calcochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD758635CFC4722D2" box="[825,947,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Calcochloris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)), with the further complication that without morphology,
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7B363BCFBE222F3" box="[978,1046,1429,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Huetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7B363BCFBE222F3" box="[978,1046,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Huetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also drawn into a clade with
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD758639AFC452294" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" box="[825,945,1459,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD758639AFC452294" box="[825,945,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD7A5639AFBE82293" box="[964,1052,1459,1484]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
), albeit with bootstrap support &lt;50%. In contrast, the optimal parsimony topology using implied weights with DNAindelsmorphology reconstructed
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD11F63DAFA362155" box="[1406,1474,1523,1546]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Huetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD11F63DAFA362155" box="[1406,1474,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Huetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near the base of the chrysochlorid crown radiation, one node crownward from
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD78A6018FBAE2116" baseAuthorityName="Faurby and Svenning" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1003,1114,1585,1609]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Eremitalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD78A6018FBAE2116" box="[1003,1114,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Eremitalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with parsimony bootstrap support of 61% (
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD7F36079FC132137" box="[914,999,1616,1640]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D03236FFFFEBFFABD7356046FDA22798" blockId="19.[825,1475,144,1954]" lastBlockId="20.[113,762,144,199]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
While our dataset does not resolve the chrysochlorid root node, it does narrow down the possibilities to a subset of the species previously included in the Chrysochlorinae (Bronner and Jenkins 2005), rendering that taxon paraphyletic. We therefore restrict the taxon Chrysochlorinae to the smaller clade of
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD12F60C4FA36205A" baseAuthorityName="Lundholm" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1358,1474,1773,1797]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Kilimatalpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD12F60C4FA36205A" box="[1358,1474,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Kilimatalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister taxon to
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7926125FAA3207B" box="[1011,1367,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7926125FB33207B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1011,1223,1804,1828]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiatica">Chrysochloris asiatica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0B46125FAA3207B" authorityName="Shortridge &amp; Carter" authorityYear="1938" box="[1237,1367,1804,1828]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Cryptochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptochloris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Bayesian pp = 1.0). We propose the designation Chrysospalacinae for
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD7586162FB48203C" box="[825,1212,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD7586162FBDF203C" authorityName=", Bronner" authorityYear="1995" box="[825,1067,1867,1891]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Calcochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusirostris">Calcochloris obtusirostris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD0586162FB48203C" baseAuthorityName="Bronner" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1081,1212,1867,1891]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chrysospalax</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD0B16162FAE8203C" box="[1232,1308,1867,1891]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[116,1457,145,1708]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@16.[116,1457,145,1709]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A, left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B, right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a) and indels.Bayesian branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are in red, tenrecids green.Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy: Am, Amblysominae; Cd, Chrysochloridae; Cn, Chrysochlorinae; Cx, Chrysospalacinae; Gi, Geogalini; Mg, Microgale; Oi, Oryzorictini; Or, Oryzorictinae; Po, Potamogalinae; Sa, Setiferina; Ta, Tenrecina; Td, Tenrecidae; Tn, Tenrecinae; Ti, Tenrecini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241156/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="48B62A7AFFEBFFACD14B6162FAB0203C" box="[1322,1348,1867,1891]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,147,1792]" captionTargetId="graphics-8@17.[131,1472,147,1792]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Topologies resulting from Bayesian-BIC (A; left) and parsimony implied weighting K = 4 (B; right) analyses of extant taxa sampled for six genes (cytB, ND2, GHR, vWF, 12S and stat5a), indels and morphology.Branch lengths reflect the scale at the top left; parsimony branch lengths are arbitrary.Only chrysochlorids and Procavia are known for stat5a (for other missing loci, see Table 1). Bayesian nodes have a posterior probability of one unless indicated otherwise. Numbers adjacent to parsimony nodes represent bootstrap values, calculated with 500 pseudoreplicates of a TNT search using mult = tbr 100 replicates each and reported only at or over 50. Chrysochlorids are red, tenrecids green. Circled and coloured letters adjacent to nodes indicate high-level taxonomy, as shown in Figure 10." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241158/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">11</figureCitation>
). The affinities of the remaining three chrysochlorid genera,
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD12F6143FA3620DD" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1924" box="[1358,1474,1898,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD12F6143FA3620DD" box="[1358,1474,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(restricted here to
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD79761A0FB4720FE" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1907" box="[1014,1203,1929,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD79761A0FB4720FE" box="[1014,1203,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa sclateri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFEBFFACD08761A0FA4520FE" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1907" box="[1254,1457,1929,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chlorotalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="19" pageNumber="203" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duthieae">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFEBFFACD08761A0FA4520FE" box="[1254,1457,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="203">Chlorotalpa duthieae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFECFFABD41066B9FF2827F7" baseAuthorityName="Faurby and Svenning" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[113,220,144,168]" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Eremitalpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="20" pageNumber="204" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFECFFABD41066B9FF2827F7" box="[113,220,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="204">Eremitalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="178D4D7CFFECFFABD57366B8FEA027F7" box="[274,340,145,168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Huetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2F9EAEDFFECFFABD57366B8FEA027F7" box="[274,340,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="204">Huetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are not yet resolved with sufficient support to merit high-level taxonomic designations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>