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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898" ID-GBIF-Dataset="254fdd65-4e55-472c-bcc5-3eb221846c50" ID-PMC="PMC6395454" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049--53" ID-PubMed="30828254" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049--53" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand" checkinTime="1553125554261" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiao, Yuan-Pin, Hongsanan, Sinang, Hyde, Kevin D., Brooks, Siraprapa, Xie, Ning, Long, Feng-Yao &amp; Wen, Ting-Chi" docDate="2019" docId="5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 47: 53-74" docOrigin="MycoKeys 47" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898" docTitle="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera Y. P. Xiao, T. C. Wen &amp; K. D. Hyde, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="93132B68FFB06F61FFC2FFD0FFD3DB72" masterDocTitle="Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668136166102" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xiao, Yuan-Pin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hongsanan, Sinang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brooks, Siraprapa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xie, Ning</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Long, Feng-Yao</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wen, Ting-Chi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>53</mods:start>
<mods:end>74</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049--53</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="Index Fungorum number: IF555324" authority="Y. P. Xiao, T. C. Wen &amp; K. D. Hyde" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera Y.P. Xiao, T.C. Wen &amp; K.D. Hyde</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="53">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">The specific epithet refers to the feature of the sporangium-bearing.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Primary synnema 9-18 cm high 1-2 mm diam., arising from the head region of the larva, branching into 2-5, cylindrical, brown to deep brown, with small white fertile head on the top, not smooth. Fertile head 500-2000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 400-1000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., globose to subglobose, capitulum, white to brown, arising from the apical end of primary synnema, mess of sporangium on the surface. Sporangium 78-121
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam. (x̄ = 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), spherical, arising from the apical end of primary synnema, white colour when immature, becoming brown to dark brown after maturity, consisting of thick-walled cells. Secondary synnemata 1092-1937
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
21-34
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (x = 1515
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
27
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), laterally from the primary synnema, brown to white, cylindrical, not smooth. Hyphae 1.8-2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide (x̄ = 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), irregularly multi-septate, brown, cylindrical, smooth or rough, sometimes particularly expand. Phialides 25-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.3-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 33
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), hirsutella-like, hyaline, solitary, unbranched, narrow slender, smooth. Conidia 6.7-9.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 8.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), 1 cell, hyaline, subglobose to reniform, bound in mucilaginous spheres. Mucilaginous spheres 10.5-12.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.4-8.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 11.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), composed of 1-12 conidia, hyaline, at phialide apex.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
(holotype MFLU 18-0658). a Habitat b Synnemata on host surface c Host d, e Synnemata f Fertile head of primary synnema g Sporangium h Secondary synnema i Sporangium j, k, q Part of secondary synnema l Phialides m Conidia bound by deliquescing mucilaginous material
<normalizedToken originalValue="np">n-p</normalizedToken>
Conidia. Scale bars: 1 cm (c, d), 1000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(e), 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(f, h, q), 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(g, i), 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(j), 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(k, l), 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="mp">m-p</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Culture Characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
growing on PDA, reaching 2 cm diam., after 4 weeks at 25 °C,with circular, dense mycelium on the surface. After 6 weeks, the colour of the colony gradually deepened from white to dark brown from the periphery to the centre, with complex fold as 4 circle rings, reverse white to yellow in colour, with ring. Synnemata was produced after 8 weeks. Most of the characters are the same as the fresh collection except phialides and mucilaginous spheres. Phialides 56-86
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (x̄ = 71
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide at base (x̄ = 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), 1.4-2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at top (x̄ = 1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), hirsutella-like, hyaline, solitary, unbranched, narrow slender, smooth, 1-4 septa, not observed on host. Mucilaginous spheres 10.5-15.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.2-14.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(x̄ = 12.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 60), 1-4 conidia, hyaline to brown. Observation stopped after 10 weeks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
THAILAND, Chiang Mai, The Mushroom Research Centre, on dead larva of
<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 6.5 cm long 0.38 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 18 July 2015, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0658, holotype); THAILAND, Chiang Mai, The Mushroom Research Centre, on dead larva of
<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 5.8 cm long 0.4 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 22 August 2015, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0659, paratypes, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 18-0492); THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Samoeng on larva insect of
<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 5.5 cm long 0.32 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 18 June 2017, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0660, paratypes, living culture, MFLUCC 18-0493, MFLUCC 18-0494).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
D.R. Simmons &amp; Groden in our phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). The morphology of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
is different from
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
in having longer primary and secondary synnemata, a white to brown sporangium, shorter phialides and it infects insect larvae (
<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Cossidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
), while
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
was found on an ant (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica rubra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">Myrmica rubra</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Invertebrate Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="23 - 30" title="Ophiocordycepsmyrmicarum, a new species infecting invasive Myrmicarubra in Maine." url="https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.06" volume="125" year="2015">Simmons et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The phylogenetic analysis does not have good support, but
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
. In the phylogenetic tree, the relationships of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
are obscure because they share one clade with short branch length (100% ML/ 1 BYPP), while the two strains of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
clustered together with a low bootstrap support (88% ML/ 0.90 BYPP). The type strain of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
has 0 bp in nrSSU, 3 bp in TEF1α and 5 bp in RPB1 that are different from
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
. However, the morphological features of those two species are different, thus, they should be treated as two separate species (Table 3).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
(culture) MFLUCC 18-0492. a Upper side of the culture b Reverse side of the culture c, d Synnemata growing on PDA medium e, g Synnemata f Mycelium
<normalizedToken originalValue="hj">h-j</normalizedToken>
Phialides k Conidia
<normalizedToken originalValue="ln">l-n</normalizedToken>
Conidia form mucilaginous spheres. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, b), 5000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(c), 1000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(d), 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(e), 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(f, g), 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="hj">h-j</normalizedToken>
), 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="kn">k-n</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Table 3. Synopsis of
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Ophiocordyceps</taxonomicName>
species discussed in the paper.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica rubra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">Myrmica rubra</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Invertebrate Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="23 - 30" title="Ophiocordycepsmyrmicarum, a new species infecting invasive Myrmicarubra in Maine." url="https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.06" volume="125" year="2015">Simmons et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>