297 lines
19 KiB
XML
297 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898" ID-GBIF-Dataset="254fdd65-4e55-472c-bcc5-3eb221846c50" ID-PMC="PMC6395454" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049--53" ID-PubMed="30828254" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049--53" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand" checkinTime="1553125554261" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiao, Yuan-Pin, Hongsanan, Sinang, Hyde, Kevin D., Brooks, Siraprapa, Xie, Ning, Long, Feng-Yao & Wen, Ting-Chi" docDate="2019" docId="5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 47: 53-74" docOrigin="MycoKeys 47" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898" docTitle="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera Y. P. Xiao, T. C. Wen & K. D. Hyde, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="93132B68FFB06F61FFC2FFD0FFD3DB72" masterDocTitle="Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668136166102" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xiao, Yuan-Pin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hongsanan, Sinang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brooks, Siraprapa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Ning</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Long, Feng-Yao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wen, Ting-Chi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.47.29898</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049--53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5820D371460C8B0D23CAEEE99EBE2CDA" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName LSID="Index Fungorum number: IF555324" authority="Y. P. Xiao, T. C. Wen & K. D. Hyde" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera Y.P. Xiao, T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="53">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">The specific epithet refers to the feature of the sporangium-bearing.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Primary synnema 9-18 cm high 1-2 mm diam., arising from the head region of the larva, branching into 2-5, cylindrical, brown to deep brown, with small white fertile head on the top, not smooth. Fertile head 500-2000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 400-1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diam., globose to subglobose, capitulum, white to brown, arising from the apical end of primary synnema, mess of sporangium on the surface. Sporangium 78-121
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diam. (x̄ = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), spherical, arising from the apical end of primary synnema, white colour when immature, becoming brown to dark brown after maturity, consisting of thick-walled cells. Secondary synnemata 1092-1937
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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21-34
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, (x ‒= 1515
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), laterally from the primary synnema, brown to white, cylindrical, not smooth. Hyphae 1.8-2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (x̄ = 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), irregularly multi-septate, brown, cylindrical, smooth or rough, sometimes particularly expand. Phialides 25-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(x̄ = 33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), hirsutella-like, hyaline, solitary, unbranched, narrow slender, smooth. Conidia 6.7-9.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(x̄ = 8.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), 1 cell, hyaline, subglobose to reniform, bound in mucilaginous spheres. Mucilaginous spheres 10.5-12.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6.4-8.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(x̄ = 11.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), composed of 1-12 conidia, hyaline, at phialide apex.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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(holotype MFLU 18-0658). a Habitat b Synnemata on host surface c Host d, e Synnemata f Fertile head of primary synnema g Sporangium h Secondary synnema i Sporangium j, k, q Part of secondary synnema l Phialides m Conidia bound by deliquescing mucilaginous material
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<normalizedToken originalValue="n–p">n-p</normalizedToken>
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Conidia. Scale bars: 1 cm (c, d), 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(e), 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(f, h, q), 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(g, i), 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(j), 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(k, l), 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="m–p">m-p</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Culture Characteristics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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growing on PDA, reaching 2 cm diam., after 4 weeks at 25 °C,with circular, dense mycelium on the surface. After 6 weeks, the colour of the colony gradually deepened from white to dark brown from the periphery to the centre, with complex fold as 4 circle rings, reverse white to yellow in colour, with ring. Synnemata was produced after 8 weeks. Most of the characters are the same as the fresh collection except phialides and mucilaginous spheres. Phialides 56-86
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long (x̄ = 71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), 3-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base (x̄ = 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), 1.4-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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at top (x̄ = 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), hirsutella-like, hyaline, solitary, unbranched, narrow slender, smooth, 1-4 septa, not observed on host. Mucilaginous spheres 10.5-15.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8.2-14.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(x̄ = 12.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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11.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 60), 1-4 conidia, hyaline to brown. Observation stopped after 10 weeks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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THAILAND, Chiang Mai, The Mushroom Research Centre, on dead larva of
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<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, 6.5 cm long 0.38 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 18 July 2015, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0658, holotype); THAILAND, Chiang Mai, The Mushroom Research Centre, on dead larva of
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<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, 5.8 cm long 0.4 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 22 August 2015, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0659, paratypes, ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 18-0492); THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Samoeng on larva insect of
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<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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, 5.5 cm long 0.32 cm diam., brown to dark brown, with thallus inside (larva), 18 June 2017, YuanPin Xiao, (MFLU 18-0660, paratypes, living culture, MFLUCC 18-0493, MFLUCC 18-0494).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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D.R. Simmons & Groden in our phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). The morphology of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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is different from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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in having longer primary and secondary synnemata, a white to brown sporangium, shorter phialides and it infects insect larvae (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Insecta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Cossidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
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), while
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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was found on an ant (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica rubra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">Myrmica rubra</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Invertebrate Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="23 - 30" title="Ophiocordycepsmyrmicarum, a new species infecting invasive Myrmicarubra in Maine." url="https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.06" volume="125" year="2015">Simmons et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). The phylogenetic analysis does not have good support, but
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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is distinct from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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. In the phylogenetic tree, the relationships of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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are obscure because they share one clade with short branch length (100% ML/ 1 BYPP), while the two strains of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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clustered together with a low bootstrap support (88% ML/ 0.90 BYPP). The type strain of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. sporangifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="sporangifera">O. sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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has 0 bp in nrSSU, 3 bp in TEF1α and 5 bp in RPB1 that are different from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. myrmicarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">O. myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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. However, the morphological features of those two species are different, thus, they should be treated as two separate species (Table 3).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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(culture) MFLUCC 18-0492. a Upper side of the culture b Reverse side of the culture c, d Synnemata growing on PDA medium e, g Synnemata f Mycelium
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<normalizedToken originalValue="h–j">h-j</normalizedToken>
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Phialides k Conidia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l–n">l-n</normalizedToken>
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Conidia form mucilaginous spheres. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, b), 5000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(c), 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(d), 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(e), 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(f, g), 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="h–j">h-j</normalizedToken>
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), 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="k–n">k-n</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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Table 3. Synopsis of
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Ophiocordyceps</taxonomicName>
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species discussed in the paper.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<table pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="myrmicarum">Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps sporangifera" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sporangifera">Ophiocordyceps sporangifera</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica rubra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">Myrmica rubra</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Invertebrate Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="23 - 30" title="Ophiocordycepsmyrmicarum, a new species infecting invasive Myrmicarubra in Maine." url="https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.06" volume="125" year="2015">Simmons et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |