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<mods:title id="DC8E0AD971C05E4B7BB54369A4638486">Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="841E5D5DFFD5FF8CFF13FEFC89B6FEA2" bold="true" box="[151,729,311,337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD5FF8CFF13FEFC89B6FEA2" ID-CoL="8DG6F" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" box="[151,729,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirokanense" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF13FEFC89B6FEA2" bold="true" box="[151,729,311,337]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF13FEFC8A41FEA2" bold="true" box="[151,302,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFEBBFEFC8A89FEA2" bold="true" box="[319,486,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pentapedilum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFE7CFEFC89F6FEA2" bold="true" box="[504,665,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">shirokanense</emphasis>
Sasa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97F3B9BAFFD5FF8CFF13FE918B92FE87" box="[151,253,346,372]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF13FE918B92FE87" blockId="96.[151,729,311,372]" box="[151,253,346,372]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
(
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD5FF8CFF1BFE918B9BFE87" box="[159,244,346,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97F3B9BAFFD5FF8CFF13FE618E1EFDFF" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF13FE618863FE32" blockId="96.[151,780,426,449]" box="[151,780,426,449]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FFF9CD1FFFD5FF8CFF13FE618863FE32" box="[151,780,426,449]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<treatmentCitation id="5E48CC20FFD5FF8CFF13FE618867FE32" author="Sasa, M." box="[151,776,426,449]" page="10" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1979">
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD5FF8CFF13FE618867FE32" authority="Sasa, 1979: 10" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,776,426,449]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirokanensis" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF13FE618A71FE32" box="[151,286,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFEA9FE618AAEFE32" box="[301,449,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pentapedilum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFE55FE61890CFE32" box="[465,611,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">shirokanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFDEDFE618867FE32" author="Sasa, M." box="[617,776,426,449]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa, 1979: 10</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF13FE398E1EFDFF" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[151,1393,498,524]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
The
<typeStatus id="00525493FFD5FF8CFF48FE398B91FDFF" box="[204,254,498,524]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
supposedly in the Sasa collection is missing. The species was described in detail by
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFB5BFE398E02FDFF" author="Sasa, M." box="[1247,1389,498,524]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97F3B9BAFFD5FF8EFF42FDD18F69FE89" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF42FDD189E3FC6C" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF42FDD18AB1FDC7" bold="true" box="[198,478,538,564]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
Among species with less than 100 setae in each of cells m
<subScript id="436DE874FFD5FF8CFB22FDE18FAFFDCB" attach="left" box="[1190,1216,554,568]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1+2</subScript>
and r
<subScript id="436DE874FFD5FF8CFA82FDE18E4FFDCB" attach="left" box="[1286,1312,554,568]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">4+5</subScript>
, foretibial scale without spur, and base of superior volsella with microtrichia and 46 inner setae, the species is distinguished by having the setae of the projection of the superior volsella placed medially and the base completely covered by microtrichia. The species is quite similar to
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD5FF8CFCB1FD5D8F23FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[821,1100,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamosecundum" subGenus="Pe.">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFCB1FD5D8F23FD5C" box="[821,1100,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. (Pe.) kamosecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which, however, has a less microtrichiose base of the superior volsella, a more basally placed lateral seta of the projection, inner margin of projection rugulose, and a small V-shaped ridge at the base of the anal point. The pupa has median shagreen on tergite II and some shagreen on tergite VII, conjunctive III/IV with spinules, and apparently reduced pedes spurii B. The larva has a mandible with dorsal tooth, median teeth of mentum slightly longer than or subequal to second lateral teeth, third antennal segment slightly longer than fourth, and antennal blade shorter than flagellum and reaching base of fifth segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FC668AB7FC34" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,472,941,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FC668A69FC34" bold="true" box="[199,262,941,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Male</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFED3FC668ABFFC34" author="Sasa, M." box="[343,464,941,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FC1E88F6FBE4" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Total length
<quantity id="181147D4FFD5FF8CFED9FC1E8A80FC1C" box="[349,495,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.6">2.62.8 mm</quantity>
. Wing length
<quantity id="181147D4FFD5FF8CFD11FC1E882BFC1C" box="[661,836,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.815" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.68" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="1.815" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.68">1.681.95 mm</quantity>
. Thorax yellow with brown vittae; abdominal segments almost uniformly dark brown; femur, tibia and tarsi brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FBED8A6CFB94" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FBED8A61FBCC" box="[199,270,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head.</emphasis>
AR 1.431.57. Temporal setae 8. Clypeus with 16 setae. Palpomere 25 lengths (in µm): 53, 113, 116, 188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FBBD8E23FB7C" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1356,1141,1167]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FBBD8A73FB7C" box="[199,284,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFEAFFBBE8AC8FB7C" author="Sasa, M." box="[299,423,1141,1167]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16B). Acrostichals 10, dorsocentrals 14, prealars 5.
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD5FF8CFBBEFBBE8FDEFB7C" box="[1082,1201,1141,1167]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="96" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scutellum</taxonomicName>
with 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FB558EF7FB44" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1432,1181,1207]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FB558A6CFB44" box="[199,259,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wing</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE96FB568AE1FB44" author="Sasa, M." box="[274,398,1181,1207]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.17F). Anal lobe weak. Cell m basal of
<collectingRegion id="1D2D24D3FFD5FF8CFC0CFB5688DAFB44" box="[904,949,1181,1207]" country="Kenya" name="Lamu" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">RM</collectingRegion>
apparently bare. Squama with 68 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FB0D8F5CFB2C" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1075,1221,1251]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FB0D8B91FB2C" box="[199,254,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Legs</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE8AFB0E8AE6FB2C" author="Sasa, M." box="[270,393,1221,1247]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16DE). Scale on foretibia without spur. LR
<subScript id="436DE874FFD5FF8CFC40FB1E88A3FB10" attach="left" box="[964,972,1237,1251]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
1.71.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FB3A8E57FAA9" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FB3A8A32FAF9" box="[199,349,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD5FF8CFEE8FB3B8AB7FAF9" box="[364,472,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE67FB3B8932FAF9" author="Sasa, M." box="[483,605,1264,1290]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.17AE). Tergite IX with 89 median setae. Anal point 58 µm long, 10 µm wide, parallel-sided. Base of superior volsella (
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD5FF8CFC89FAD38814FAC1" box="[781,891,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 32 B</figureCitation>
) covered with microtrichia, with 5 inner setae, projection with 1 seta. Inferior volsella about 120 µm long; parallel-sided with prominent apical seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FAA38A9BFA71" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,500,1384,1410]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FAA38A4DFA71" bold="true" box="[199,290,1384,1410]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Female</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFEF7FAA38A83FA71" author="Sasa, M." box="[371,492,1384,1410]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FA5B8F26FA59" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1097,1424,1450]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Total length
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. Wing length
<quantity id="181147D4FFD5FF8CFD0AFA5B8855FA59" box="[654,826,1424,1450]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.895" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="1.68" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="1.895" valueMax="2.11" valueMin="1.68">1.682.11 mm</quantity>
. Coloration as in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43FA738FD8FA09" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43FA738A68FA22" box="[199,263,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE93FA738AF4FA21" author="Sasa, M." box="[279,411,1464,1490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa, 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16A). Antenna as in
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFD4EFA738820FA21" author="Sasa, M." box="[714,847,1464,1490]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa (1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16C). Lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 67, 137, 92, 96, 161. Temporal setae 8. Palpomere 25 lengths (in µm): 53, 123, 133, 227.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F9C38A4CF9D2" box="[199,291,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thorax.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD5FF8CFEAEF9C38ACFF9D1" box="[298,416,1544,1570]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="96" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scutellum</taxonomicName>
with 10 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9FB88A7F9B9" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,968,1584,1610]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F9FB8A6CF9BA" box="[199,259,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Wing</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE96F9FB8AE1F9B9" author="Sasa, M." box="[274,398,1584,1610]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.17F). Anal lobe weak. Squama with 3 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9938876F981" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,793,1624,1654]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Legs. Scale on foretibia without spur. LR
<subScript id="436DE874FFD5FF8CFD2EF9A389DDF985" attach="left" box="[682,690,1640,1654]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
1.81.9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9488F8BF96E" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1252,1667,1693]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F9488A52F96F" box="[199,317,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Cercus as in
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE5EF9488931F96E" author="Sasa, M." box="[474,606,1667,1693]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa (1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16G). Seminal capsules as in
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFC69F9488F1EF96E" author="Sasa, M." box="[1005,1137,1667,1693]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa (1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig.16F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9608AB5F936" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,474,1707,1733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F9608A67F936" bold="true" box="[199,264,1707,1733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pupa</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFEDDF9608ABDF936" author="Sasa, M." box="[345,466,1707,1733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9188EFFF91E" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1424,1747,1773]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Total length
<quantity id="181147D4FFD5FF8CFEDFF9188A84F91E" box="[347,491,1747,1773]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.5">3.53.9 mm</quantity>
. Frontal seta, cephalothorax, margins of segments and caudolateral spur brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8CFF43F9308F90F8E6" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" box="[199,1279,1787,1813]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F9308A18F8E7" box="[199,375,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE02F930896EF8E6" author="Sasa, M." box="[390,513,1787,1813]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 18 A). Thoracic horn with 7 branches (
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFB80F9308FEFF8E6" author="Sasa, M." box="[1028,1152,1787,1813]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 17G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD5FF8DFF43F8E88F0CFEA1" blockId="96.[151,1436,498,2013]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,152,338]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD5FF8CFF43F8E88A59F8CF" box="[199,310,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD5FF8CFECCF8E88AD9F8CE" box="[328,438,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 32C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD5FF8CFE40F8E8892EF8CE" author="Sasa, M." box="[452,577,1827,1853]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 18BC). Tergite I bare, tergites IIVI each with strong, prominent anterior row of spines; tergite II and III with few weak and sparse or occasionally extensive medial shagreen; tergites II and III each with median band of spinules, tergite IV with two median patches, tergite V with single median patch and two posterior patches of spinules, tergite VI with two median patches and two posterior patches of spinules, tergite VII with paired anterolateral spots of spinules, tergite VIII bare. Tergites VII and VIII both without additional shagreen. Conjunctives III/IV and IV/V with multiserial band of anterior pointed spinules. Tergite II apparently with mostly single row of more than 40 caudal hooks. Pedes spurii A present on segment IV. Pedes spurii B weakly developed on segment II. Caudolateral spur 105176, 134 µm long, with 1 strong apical tooth, 24 lateral teeth and several accessory points. Segments IIV without L taeniae, V and VI with 3 taeniae; VII and VIII with 4 taeniae. Anal lobe fringe with about 40 taeniae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8B96BAB9FFD4FF8DFF13F8578F98F825" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" startId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" targetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" targetPageId="97">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD4FF8DFF13F8578F98F825" blockId="97.[151,1436,1948,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFF13F8578A47F847" bold="true" box="[151,296,1948,1972]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD4FF8DFEB6F856882FF840" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" authorityYear="1979" box="[306,832,1948,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirokanensis" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFEB6F8568AD6F847" box="[306,441,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFE4FF8568930F847" box="[459,607,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pentapedilum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFDF6F856886BF847" box="[626,772,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">shirokanensis</emphasis>
Sasa
</taxonomicName>
, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF).
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFB64F8578E62F847" bold="true" box="[1248,1293,1948,1972]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A—</emphasis>
hypopygium;
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFF13F8748BACF824" bold="true" box="[151,195,1983,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">B—</emphasis>
superior volsella;
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFE06F8748ADFF824" bold="true" box="[386,432,1983,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C—</emphasis>
abdomen;
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFDA4F8748922F824" bold="true" box="[544,589,1983,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">D—</emphasis>
antenna;
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFD2BF87489B4F824" bold="true" box="[687,731,1983,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">E—</emphasis>
mandible;
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD4FF8DFCC8F8748818F824" bold="true" box="[844,887,1983,2007]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">F—</emphasis>
mentum (Adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD4FF8DFBFEF8748F85F825" author="Sasa, M." box="[1146,1258,1983,2006]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FF5C8A8AFF41" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" box="[199,485,151,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFF43FF5C8A7CFF42" bold="true" box="[199,275,151,177]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Larva</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD7FF8EFEE1FF538AB2FF41" author="Sasa, M." box="[357,477,152,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FF0B8922FF29" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" box="[199,589,192,218]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Total length 5.115.47,
<quantity id="181147D4FFD7FF8EFE59FF0B8926FF29" box="[477,585,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.23" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="5.23">5.23 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FF238833FEA1" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFF43FF238A61FEF2" box="[199,270,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Head.</emphasis>
AR about 1.1. Antenna as in
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD7FF8EFDEBFF2389B7FEF1" box="[623,728,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD7FF8EFD6DFF238809FEF1" author="Sasa, M." box="[745,870,232,258]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 19C), lengths of segments (in µm): 60, 19, 15, 14, 6. Blade 51 µm long, shorter than flagellum. Premandible, mandible (
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD7FF8EFBB6FEDB8FF2FED9" box="[1074,1181,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 32E</figureCitation>
), mentum (
<figureCitation id="47D2F6B4FFD7FF8EFAA1FEDB8EE0FED9" box="[1317,1423,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="97.[151,254,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[337,1331,399,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-134@97.[226,1360,397,1972]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 32. Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) shirokanensis Sasa, male (AB), pupa (C), larva (DF). A—hypopygium; B—superior volsella; C—abdomen; D—antenna; E—mandible; F—mentum (Adapted from Sasa 1979)." pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 32F</figureCitation>
), and epipharyngeal area as illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="BB7897C0FFD7FF8EFDEAFEF3899DFEA1" author="Sasa, M." box="[622,754,312,338]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref92898" refString="Sasa, M. (1979) A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 7, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Sasa (1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 19).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FEAB8F69FE89" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" box="[199,1030,352,378]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFF43FEAB8A52FE8A" box="[199,317,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Procercus with 8 anal setae. Anal tubules 120165 µm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97F3B9BAFFD7FF8EFF43FE4C8FD3FE51" box="[199,1212,391,418]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FE4C8FD3FE51" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" box="[199,1212,391,418]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFF43FE4C8A2FFE52" bold="true" box="[199,320,391,417]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species could possibly be a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="18E991B2FFD7FF8EFC26FE438FDBFE52" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[930,1204,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamosecundum" subGenus="Pe.">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFC26FE438FDBFE52" box="[930,1204,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">P. (Pe.) kamosecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97F3B9BAFFD7FF8EFF43FE6489FDFE39" box="[199,658,431,458]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DF56EA31FFD7FF8EFF43FE6489FDFE39" blockId="98.[151,1436,151,458]" box="[199,658,431,458]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="ED9D3623FFD7FF8EFF43FE648A08FE3A" bold="true" box="[199,359,431,457]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from
<collectingCountry id="A7FEAAA1FFD7FF8EFDCCFE7B89E0FE39" box="[584,655,432,458]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>