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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="291077" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fd88c03-0c85-4954-ae03-bb9e7f439d89" ID-PMC="PMC10960155" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1195-219" ID-Pensoft-UUID="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" ID-PubMed="38525355" ID-ZooBank="D1D346D3EFB248F9B729DDA31A6E8270" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1195-219" checkinTime="1710711744790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M. &amp; Eskov, Kirill Y." docDate="2024" docId="53F597C739F25571869D8924F5EF85BF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1195: 219-238" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1195" docPubDate="2024-03-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632" docTitle="Knoflachia kurilensis Marusik &amp; Eskov 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0272E07A-7614-436B-8FFA-EFFDFF521EB4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" masterDocTitle="A new monotypic genus of cobweb spiders from the Russian Far East (Araneae, Theridiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="238" masterPageNumber="219" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1732566842818" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B23A14A2384C23179CCDEFAB91882592" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="43EF5167175E5A3191B61F9600C21C0B">
<mods:title id="F7AE93597DA361639975A642B057DEE8">A new monotypic genus of cobweb spiders from the Russian Far East (Araneae, Theridiidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="99CE202E1D744898DB475D6225E44329" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1349C5F94241BB4C44D229451FF3AFE4">
<mods:roleTerm id="1B0A90FC2E4B8A8DB4232BC5FE603C04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="063B1C9159B1E12472CFF7298C1B76D9">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E0F99B2DB88686D6DE8BA2FFD37B197" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FDABACFCDC011DC6B68099A2AE596D5B">Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Str., 18, Magadan, 68500, Russia &amp; Altai State University, Lenina Pr., 61, Barnaul, RF- 656049, Russia &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F31F51E0CE3F9B1BEE4CF1AF4F4C658" type="email">yurmar@utu.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B136214CBCCD2F578C7AFF119F1523B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="312784ACC0191963F103726C6AA7ECE8">
<mods:roleTerm id="2F26A51F7C541D1C45BE62A426395C24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8C92BECEE9849861DBF73BCFEFD387D2">Eskov, Kirill Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="802F766B08D21B5E89E785C5584F41C6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-0746</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9781BF10E650CA7403AA2A0304373D66">Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str., 123, Moscow, 117647, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="75002A206DDC98F2381FEE84ED38E494">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D5F3E4915FA14E11152C15365606B1A">
<mods:title id="F4A26E294BC817FD3293A5BDCAC07018">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="50F2FF0DEA57650E86FABD753280D7E2">
<mods:date id="7E1F5A5409FD5B1A6065E73456269C38">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9DBEEE1B389B71947157CB00E8E769F3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7CE0E364B694869B62EBF2A62E16253B">2024-03-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FF162250FEE5C57812795055952653DF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="19A2A975BBB99A57AF0F3F180E88DA7B">1195</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C622148D6EEBF1B41F01140A17219669" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4812AE18C43DB3090E298A77CA26E3BB">219</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5CDC8EBCB943FF8FC5ACB04EA3880BB7">238</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="72711C52854C3F3B764D7B92FF55ED88">
<mods:url id="CC93B21571C26F4AEEA7DCB7CCA9F026">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="953F5A55A1C876F4CEDDF5055D1A71AF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="30FA498F1E1380262B99138AB3B475A3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D3E139EF584873503A5C3E1C38F248C7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1195-219</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="40B4DD82BF5DBEBA1183577B43562EA2" type="ZooBank">D1D346D3EFB248F9B729DDA31A6E8270</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF565CA7ECB882D9BE8766A6767BF1D0" type="Pensoft-UUID">83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection id="F80248A8ED4D09B06A43CCD87590E182" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="taxonomy">
<treatment id="53F597C739F25571869D8924F5EF85BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="223464664" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0272E07A-7614-436B-8FFA-EFFDFF521EB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53F597C739F25571869D8924F5EF85BF" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" scope_class="Arachnida" scope_family="Theridiidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="17C8BC9BDAF9C5BD40FFC2A1C1A00611" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B6BCC1E6D238697443F5CFB055E1F6FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicName id="044703934FE8CD52D81517F0E37176C7" LSID="https://zoobank.org/0272E07A-7614-436B-8FFA-EFFDFF521EB4" authority="Marusik &amp; Eskov, 2024" authorityName="Marusik &amp; Eskov" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurilensis" status="sp. nov.">Knoflachia kurilensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6A7B9008C7C55E4D14FE8B4AB52085A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1636D7B508EA0FB20AAFCE78CFA232D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="description">
<paragraph id="415C045FEC1B967B30076AEB4E9F1C52" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<figureCitation id="697A8C2D0868D8BAE5A9BCE855C27423" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="748D9ABBEFA092911CBC8884FDE9ABB5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7D06752B2614D2CEE4D6C4C0DB0C874D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="026985100828736F8C151EDD1541D823" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E999F3C14EC23EFE1ED19FAD2F57BC2B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="029E1BA655F124C3E9C1427A8046989D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: tarsal claws A tarsus IV of male B tarsus IV of female C tarsus II of female D female palpal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003192" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="35B037A84C0C3328D9CAB122D683A429" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A58FEDD355E878AB8F1F4177327E8538" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinnerets of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A female spinnerets B female ALS C female PLS and PMS D female PMS E male spinnerets F male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations: AC - aciniform gland spigot (s); AG - aggregate gland spigot (s); ALS - anterior lateral spinneret; CY - cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAP - major ampullate gland spigot (s); Nu - nubbin; PI - piriform gland spigot (s); PLS - posterior lateral spinneret; PMS - posterior median spinneret." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FE95227DE01DD60936C0E47124CFD711" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FB051985A87BBE78E27B93CAA3EE3ED4" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DE884B788619DD1D2501EF151C6517A5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4BDF7CB799A6991C2CB6256615E0A366" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Collecting locality of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A Kunashir Island B Kurile islands C collecting locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003198" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="613294E15AF67BDE753FFD0606981BE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="788F6D27EBDD8F7E6D07C6F2D5DDF66D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43724C4833D1E56A193550051DDD29F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Named after the type locality, Kuril Islands.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="39740F558AFE97B0D7CA6E0173DA4E8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7B7A0E8826ACC189DCE69AFCDD6FFAA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DFCA5C20C2A1E0BED692DC5209CD947" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<materialsCitation id="0EFE9D15708417B78DE5730931292B2C" collectingDate="1997-09-24" collectorName="Yu. M. Marusik" latitude="44.051388" location="Lagunnoye Lake" longLatPrecision="665" longitude="145.75" specimenCount="221" specimenCount-female="77" specimenCount-male="144" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="C641E8860AA53621266C2253CBAF9297" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<typeStatus id="057F0231BE230525C530192DC2C5B5A1" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8AF8A140A271142513234D6F93A9004A" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
and
<emphasis id="B7506DB9B4A765FF8958EA53D42F0328" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<typeStatus id="C28065B315AFD5DE59DE8D93F6B246EC" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="A8C7ABA642EDF6AAD8AE64963628990C" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(ZMMU) and
<emphasis id="87D2BD76F58486123AB07C8A867D43CE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<typeStatus id="9EF39A2688EDBDA6A3A0A25C45F0A354" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="5D21E2E01B12289F7D3F57D6BB713EEB" count="144" type="male">144♂</specimenCount>
1 (
<specimenCount id="14EE31C70BCDA35229555D1145AE40AF" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
)
<specimenCount id="1A9C037C635B18C41698FD00BF11404E" count="77" type="female">77♀</specimenCount>
(ZMMU &amp; ZISP) with label &quot;[KU-123] KUNASHIR Isl., CW part, S shore of
<location id="CF8DCCEC718ECD35F0D369D6E5F2901C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53F597C739F25571869D8924F5EF85BF:CF8DCCEC718ECD35F0D369D6E5F2901C" latitude="44.051388" longLatPrecision="665" longitude="145.75" name="Lagunnoye Lake">Lagunnoye Lake</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="811DBDF92B8F8CC062A35DED5CD3A3C1" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="44.051388">44°03′05″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="22D0BDBDD07EF46EC5A32C5D38463E71" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="145.75">145°45′E</geoCoordinate>
, sweeping along road, mostly alder bushes,
<collectingDate id="F36CA8770320712C650E8DB15069C330" value="1997-09-24">24.09.1997</collectingDate>
<collectorName id="76CCD3335EE2BA3CD82501EA1999C9B3">Yu. M. Marusik</collectorName>
&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77479AAD8094B46E9F121CFB21A0F9D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2624A444118BA92A07CF0994FC151F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D89C553E7DC57417FD68FB2B8297A9D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
Same as for the genus. Well differs from other
<taxonomicName id="E521A7A22155BD00D4A8588B2D13B9A0" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
occurring in East Asia by colouration (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8F72F01547A8B9D4AE0FD5E571B9130D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1</figureCitation>
), epigyne with septum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="266D59485C129C0257BA2B22D740BA3E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9D</figureCitation>
) and male palp with strongly enlarged tibia covering half of the bulb (Fig.
<figureCitation id="139CE269759382FB7E03D1E33D8EA3F0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9305CC2E282EE78F1E9E936586A7BC70" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="description">
<paragraph id="6A511D1A034E9B5D4BEA9DB3FB6A2121" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8B01F3E8DDDB41F7DF02C87051BFED7" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
Male (holotype). Total length 2.4. Carapace 1.38 long, 1.08 wide; abdomen 1.45 long, 1.35 wide. Prosoma, including legs orange-reddish, legs I as dark as carapace, sternum, mouthparts, and legs II-IV lighter. Abdomen uniformly dark dorsally, venter with lighter booklung covers and area near petiolus. Palp and leg lengths as per Table
<tableCitation id="4CD740FC8483F36440936DEFD9325DC6" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Palp and leg lengths of the male holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/92C470A286135554F2CB1C242031CDE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="92C470A286135554F2CB1C242031CDE6">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="92C470A286135554F2CB1C242031CDE6" ID-Table-UUID="92C470A286135554F2CB1C242031CDE6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/92C470A286135554F2CB1C242031CDE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="5C8E35577023D690FA20765F264AA303" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="6A3826A8C6B236F49AB3DE6B40543DBE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Table 1.</emphasis>
Palp and leg lengths of the male holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B40ABF907A43D101498D9053AF381AA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<table id="FADE51217F39F46558155CB2929A527E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<tr id="9430A6278CA351ADEA885E3845C6C1ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="BCE3EF70B4F77ACF1D8E4C4EBCB0B515" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">♂</td>
<td id="3C210E8C894D6BDB671F65EDBA073CA2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="C94DE572572E3969DF4306736B071FA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Fe</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="3E7AFDCD9130FBBC57CF0D2318800AFA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="4D24A19490F995E2F9D1E66F714ED47F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Pa</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="C1438D8F38FFA3343B984C855CE4BB0F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="268A4D8DDE7D3C6826DEBA199AEE053C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ti</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="8501BA69C736877F9BBB369A4C5485DC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="B339422F91FC50485A681743012C3C51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Mt</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6DC99AE814203950230B8CC20E657C83" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="FCE140F291356F5D27FB5959BD2AC8DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ta</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="B21DA9DFB5D22BDD644BD7BC5D5ECEAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="F1D66542693ABCED257D8F0D639FC3F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Total</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CCAE7CF35D173BC93CA9ECB482AFBB22" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="671246923DB394E4D88F61001F4560AE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Palp</td>
<td id="8DE28075885206EEFF4407C99491FB6B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
<td id="E08D0432589EC878FB823A747EF977C3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.17</td>
<td id="EA3B9176F1501618D6CBE525A9E3BBB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
<td id="5CE833E75F79852B26DC3CFB4C8D7FC9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="62848F275B1819970A2E8190F93B6FB7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.43</td>
<td id="A16CEC5172EC47342C76C83401546326" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="22E23C78A4A2B9B911666B8A182415E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="C3596405BDD9784FB1289E84AD5DE49C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">I</td>
<td id="35AB0AFB458CBC2EA74ACDE8CF97B99C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
<td id="EB94DE7A38ED9BEBD214EFD46661837B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td id="6718A81099BC7F4845859CF53AA4458F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.38</td>
<td id="919ADFAFA79D29C1E276D358936A1079" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.13</td>
<td id="B6CD654FA0FE0C20B78F8F1A2450F74F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
<td id="AAD4DF9D139877CC8F16F955AA2B6426" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">5.51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="742DD539178D40A6B1C8CA07D9AB04F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="8B3AF6674BB354A7F4429DE9330BE814" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">II</td>
<td id="628C352E0C97D28D99A26D5CE51145F1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
<td id="74453A522B3D334D736905E328E7E38F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td id="822A7DA35BAF2C1DEBDA63E367A6F003" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td id="0F3FC880AED6093F553C0E8E0984BD09" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.88</td>
<td id="5B0C31A0AE3C63EDEDD0243B0608B94F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
<td id="4FDFB16C1BAD400C856C998C2BBAA124" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">4.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E6A54682E9D0D07D96EA4A1E9D2BF09A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="7C3D4231BE395B3EF4FDDDB4304E405B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">III</td>
<td id="7550BCFE307FF8B2DF0C311234775CA9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
<td id="5718638B056533AF7024E5EDA285945A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.33</td>
<td id="2CA3C468D81EE241DF29F9B4E209F3C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
<td id="A97207A7FF2FE937F4C6C7141D64DDF3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
<td id="FB928143FD84FEEB70E2A278963ABC6E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td id="A87CDFAD7BB9EBCCD67D55E58AAE4CB5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">2.59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2169D00E98AF39B13A401CF7034B680E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="F4DED2165BD6BCF83D3A65E3508B012A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">IV</td>
<td id="A49B9D5D36ECE4E1527888B716527903" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td id="3047EAC0CFFE4AC3CB7CDA4982EB5AC0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.38</td>
<td id="565FAC2DBFEA8A05ECCDFC82B64B04A4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td id="665EBDCB8CC304EF791412006D9BC244" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td id="4025E382EAC3DCC0B6828739BE6F6281" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
<td id="C5FE763539B20DA7EF8277940C0C6217" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">3.11</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97E27C4A47F75184D4DD512D68B159B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="67C809409FAA268AF4E43E3043CD7CF4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Palp</emphasis>
- see genus description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0C47935BA73B1DB27D949CF6C25467" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="D9238C8DD12082A8F962F6FCDD89A9AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="9201C52B1B05A99DE3C9D7444201CFE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Small male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Total length 2.13. Carapace 1.0 long, leg I 4.26 (1.38. 0.5, 1.0, 0.88, 0.5). Pattern as in holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0748A4078063030F957B8A0CBB1E50BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="1658D104A62EAB3C3B2A8A3D7E6F556F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="1501EA905F43663F5EB1011317428B6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Variations</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Total length varies from 1.9 to 2.5. At least one male has leg colouration like in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F1AF5923EC47CBD89292453D8098520" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="441362114E80E7E4E5739FE098545C0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Female</emphasis>
(allotype). Total length 2.75. Carapace 1.08 long, 1.0 wide. Carapace, sternum, mouth parts as in male. Legs I-II with dark tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, legs III-IV with dark metatarsi and tarsi. Palps with dark tibiae and tarsi. Palp and leg lengths as per Table
<tableCitation id="C8E2BAEF163F28737348F41590E9C800" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Palp and leg lengths for female allotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1168A3DCE1F612A9C76DA7EB44F5E3C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="1168A3DCE1F612A9C76DA7EB44F5E3C1">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1168A3DCE1F612A9C76DA7EB44F5E3C1" ID-Table-UUID="1168A3DCE1F612A9C76DA7EB44F5E3C1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1168A3DCE1F612A9C76DA7EB44F5E3C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="A3DFCF34143636909FFCAEA50EC0D58C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="E175C51D8487A1B334E5FAE3BCED97EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Table 2.</emphasis>
Palp and leg lengths for female allotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="075E9E81D1A6A969B8D9422EC34A0405" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<table id="8682596E6737F378CDC9C0EAB76252AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<tr id="0405198B3F3EB7819F0126D8D2191E6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<th id="9CC87146202A23DFB4550BB273B6357F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">♀</th>
<th id="25E91A1F5950EF8F1170B211D00DBEAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Fe</th>
<th id="F5F4BE10736D85F0CEAFD4617C9DF239" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Pa</th>
<th id="CC6139EEC65077033B656052C9F31CCA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Ti</th>
<th id="EA0621B941B97891D3E9A2A09828E48B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Mt</th>
<th id="0828F0E126C4964C95914D2E01358CEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Ta</th>
<th id="BC2028516458C3FD0215A467083F3C87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F689445D6C33873719120D24940DAE55" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="567BE4D5A190F81BEBAE687BBA38A660" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">Palp</td>
<td id="FA42B9DBF57BEB213390272EC7E9F795" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.39</td>
<td id="5093C84CE054AFFF83A2C2AA8426E72D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.16</td>
<td id="2E3960C5AB18740E3E6D55D4DEF5401D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.21</td>
<td id="15A6B4A6E66700D77AE863FD9FE97756" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="2F024C94006641A4660F78CAADDDD7CE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.34</td>
<td id="E885C45D25F4B5367CB32FF338E5CBA1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9841183AFECFB30A2E35600A66C5FDBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="C1BB7FDE5F9A35C4163797C621733DE4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">I</td>
<td id="D2D64BC5BFF0AEAC0069D9794E71C710" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.24</td>
<td id="450A79B01DE8405656FF84AA0507C65B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.41</td>
<td id="10E3BD4DFBB5A0E0717EAA0750A7C714" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.87</td>
<td id="4B388A654F53CE6376DA9A16AC08F6A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
<td id="94A746278F63B2742B295B60A8BE095B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.46</td>
<td id="BD34254E839FCBE60E59D90D265BE758" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">3.78</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9F286557229CF81BA6A9071313642F13" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="BD887EED91B67F9BAEE4ED74F1A40953" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">II</td>
<td id="A3B6A84A4F549BC0258788463E9DC07C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.99</td>
<td id="5D297E34AAF9C5A6E763AE5F703A0B97" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.41</td>
<td id="9D3FF2D1F1B840BE9563BCEE6CEC0378" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.57</td>
<td id="5894B18121067D9C02789A6B45D346D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.57</td>
<td id="A276FF64850D23FA4BE1BF8580B7E850" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.39</td>
<td id="9A40C06062EBCCEF0B4F591A6ED85FA2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">2.93</td>
</tr>
<tr id="15D2B0A5B283B8E4C79A4249E4DFDD8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="7F651317F6D516C1E6028A33277E103B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">III</td>
<td id="0E610D2776F7C458E33374FD07879C04" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.66</td>
<td id="1C17A8E8752CCA1588926C23F7844B09" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.27</td>
<td id="D666FE7D84AE366527791E305C173BF3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.39</td>
<td id="FBB65627CA29676EA171226877B226B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.43</td>
<td id="9CD82C8CC60243FC2996D104196A2459" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.34</td>
<td id="1AAFE30842DD5EC838A3A4FAA5FC44EC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">2.09</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B6AE8E19260581782261687F2936A55B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<td id="1694C4372AAAA6F91872A1BBDD6CA4B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">IV</td>
<td id="0CFB87AA0413FF182BB4315AFDA74EE2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
<td id="D1886635FE362F790AB4D8EDC6AF1173" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.37</td>
<td id="94EAB19DF75EA851D0E56B57422B544D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
<td id="05F8447178CA8D8637A8BDA5D6639FB6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.64</td>
<td id="EE819E8AC76A670DDF460B1A9C778E4D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td id="87B74531012D85B83369634A2E0DE859" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rowspan="1">3.01</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87413AE7BE7FCBC7A3C3E58AF2BDEBE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="2F5C13333AEE52EB86EA0115F4D0F38D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Variations</emphasis>
- Total length varies from 2.25 to 2.85, colour of abdomen in alcohol from almost black to grey.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AD036E1AC122CB9AC19694917CCD0469" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="C2176BDEA50CE4F515DD6E12A018B5AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF59AAA04F9AC69360776C26CA3CB628" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
All specimens were collected in one day by sweeping bushes. The great number of specimens collected in a few hours most likely indicates that they may form colonies, like
<taxonomicName id="8BFFDB80DF87601817F7A2A451391C03" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3AC0D3E2C39FCC940CB66B9AABD9075" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Anelosimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some specimens look like penultimate. The presence of only one subadult specimen indicates that the species is monovoltine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16415C367C9A005F4D35D4D1FF44D4B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2D663E2D94BB16791BBE871AE5C5924E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1121B672D78D4474CBEB99FEE5774299" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
Known from the single locality in Kunashir Island (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D332158A0EB586FD44E37A75F4FF76CE" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Collecting locality of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A Kunashir Island B Kurile islands C collecting locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003198" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89B61B5CDB2C2A8705EB889C186A598A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="male polymorphism">
<paragraph id="855F21B6A26E44171A1BC8C9CD9AE6C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Male polymorphism.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26E0E993C8CA2296692DCFDE9AD4B338" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
Males vary in size and relative length of the first leg (cf. Fig.
<figureCitation id="A8A9A322249BCC11B216B2057BAAEAB9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="FB4AF8F5A12CE47F9975AF4F67D8DB48" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1D</figureCitation>
). Larger males have a relatively longer femur I (femur I/carapace length ratio ca. 1.45 in large male and 1.33 in small). Larger males have a distinct tibial and metatarsal macrosetae on legs I and II (setae standing on tegumental stump-like outgrowth Figs
<figureCitation id="8410DED93B96ADF6BB0695DA56D098D6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26CBA52CDEE82C749A8C557FF20D0405" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5A</figureCitation>
). Size polymorphism is known in several groups of
<taxonomicName id="84B959CF2853D993A6060D399F70C45B" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="DFA4543ED649547037ABEC48709A42BF" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasteatoda tepidariorum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tepidariorum">
<emphasis id="84A7C07100533F67AE8CB064282B9721" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Parasteatoda tepidariorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C.L. Koch, 1841),
<taxonomicName id="B07B82921DB65EBAB7B6FAFDF2F77A45" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Steatoda triangulosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulosa">
<emphasis id="EEDFF305C906B5D6D31FBB7955AA5329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Steatoda triangulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walckenaer, 1802) [
<bibRefCitation id="A5DC939CA1BDE8F3780E2518688F299A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.24436/1" author="Nentwig, W" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B10" refString="Nentwig, W, Blick, T, Bosmans, R, Gloor, D, Haenggi, A, Kropf, C, 2023. Spiders of Europe. Version 12.2023. https://doi.org/10.24436/1" title="Spiders of Europe. Version 12.2023." url="https://doi.org/10.24436/1" year="2023">Nentwig et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
]). Large-size polymorphism was documented in
<taxonomicName id="4FBBB17A2C62FFC480CB283BD7E537CC" authorityName="Marusik &amp; Logunov" authorityYear="2002" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Enoplognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enoplognatha monstrabilis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monstrabilis">
<emphasis id="38C633CF15084BB5891B03F2EBEF2114" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Enoplognatha monstrabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Marusik &amp; Logunov, 2002 (see
<bibRefCitation id="1D7D2B86E8D09B57CE4A1C3C10E4F0C9" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="265 - 272" refId="B9" refString="Marusik, YM, Logunov, DV, 2002. New faunistic records for the spiders of Buryatia (Araneae), with a description of a new species from the genus Enoplognatha (Theridiidae). Arthropoda Selecta 10 (3): 265 - 272" title="New faunistic records for the spiders of Buryatia (Araneae), with a description of a new species from the genus Enoplognatha (Theridiidae)." volume="10" year="2002">Marusik and Logunov 2002</bibRefCitation>
), a species with similarly modified setae on leg I and occurring in Siberia. The carapace of the largest male is 1.7 times longer than in the smallest one. The same type of modified setae is documented in the New World
<taxonomicName id="09DE78D30AD1FB5F0B922FF8879068A0" baseAuthorityName="Hentz" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus studiosus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="studiosus">
<emphasis id="429F4AB709BD48ECDA21F973D3DC560F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Anelosimus studiosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hentz, 1850) (see
<bibRefCitation id="99C2D25DCAA9A607CE438DFD7C76AE97" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x" author="Agnarsson, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="447 - 626" refId="B1" refString="Agnarsson, I, 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (4): 447 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x" title="Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x" volume="141" year="2004">Agnarsson 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and in the East Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="95E35668575E0BC71F2495B251FE3AC0" authorityName="Levy &amp; Amitai" authorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Enoplognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enoplognatha parathoracica" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parathoracica">
<emphasis id="5859F0EF792314990A75993D2538DD8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Enoplognatha parathoracica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Levy &amp; Amitai, 1981 and
<taxonomicName id="C35B59F5A9B20023DEA3D3D071BAB192" lsidName="E. quadripunctata" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">
<emphasis id="4238F54134BAE04C9C111F5BF764D254" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E. quadripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1884 (see
<bibRefCitation id="0E13DB193A39478438371529D60413A1" author="Huseynov, EF" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="153 - 167" refId="B5" refString="Huseynov, EF, Marusik, YM, 2008. Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Azerbaijan 3. Survey of the genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 (Theridiidae). Arthropoda Selecta 16 (3): 153 - 167" title="Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Azerbaijan 3. Survey of the genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 (Theridiidae)." volume="16" year="2008">Huseynov and Marusik 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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