232 lines
24 KiB
XML
232 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="74A48EBFFFDAD2F2D3F5AB64262AD1E4" ID-CLB-Dataset="31139" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd2cf861-0325-4bbc-9131-8ae4252e593b" ID-PMC="PMC5769723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-121" ID-PubMed="29362528" ID-ZooBank="925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" checkinTime="1513622319708" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="539D0A12AF166E476BDB20391CBCAE96" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 121-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" docTitle="Gallerucida flaviventris" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FFEC3D73FFD1C540FFC6EB65014ED850" masterDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1732681482661" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D517A414C3FDEA562AACAB7F7B8C087E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3E7D524AB8A794845C1B7BB43A285C3E">
|
||
<mods:title id="8A25FFA157DB7A4E4227FDC717F62C10">The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="BBF7648BD55A52D9F244B31E5C370480" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="371A1533324C3CAAE31154DA9AF9EB52">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FE853910CC7D7340E9F935A86EE3FEEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="07C78F7784FE9A48561F8674280C955B">Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="327CBB23563896C128B1E52A7E7DD504">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="8C2F5AD968BCF48793F5ACC3C24EEC1A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="05A049AB9550650CFBB35641967D3D4B">
|
||
<mods:title id="A3A77D7CCA13FA41AAD5DA61FEFC1305">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="83335EC2F7BA5EEB534D6C166D8EACA3">
|
||
<mods:date id="BD1520B6032773EF36A914248460C329">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="539E955AB6F6685086E5AE667897F562" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D93C3517D7BB97E6285B899F5A2AE5A0">723</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6CA195DB4D083B0C7EE372CD09B7355A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="FC1B59E8C87437C759864577504AF56B">121</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="7F25B2CE733B332C61603259602D93C4">151</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="FA66F139F2455805A978CE730134C9AE">
|
||
<mods:url id="AF993E8A7F8525F31EBEA45DCE399011">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D012896DEF1C0298A0867255349AA94F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="65E7E2DE35AC347E7B02778959F9E29D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ECEB054B6CB965D0D6BC3370A79EC8FF" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-723-121</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="41FA83CA6118CB0C7108C2497E283043" type="ZooBank">925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="539D0A12AF166E476BDB20391CBCAE96" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337011" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:539D0A12AF166E476BDB20391CBCAE96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/539D0A12AF166E476BDB20391CBCAE96" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7773FDF27FC9F9EEE70C1547D7EF1822" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="19947EAA35B2483E4C3E72195E1424D8" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71144B01DDA35354FFB08EA405B23A2B" authority="Baly" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris (Baly)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E48B87C7745F735EBCDE723E4EEF610" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22F2DF0D7095A766D979ED2C9637C83A" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="894DC8844AE79840902167C0D10D2565" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45DD8C7089C8A464C8EDF0F468E1B5BE" genus="Eustetha" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustetha flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="95FBCCA16CAFEF8A261B322A78B193E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" start="start">Eustetha</pageBreakToken>
|
||
flaviventris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baly, 1861: 296.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37F22FB5A1E688F51662A9E75A21ED37" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03E1764FAD154BC3BB59418964AE5D30" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!] (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6C509B5B4F63A36B46A86735938E8EC" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Eusthetha)" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eusthetha">Eusthetha</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E62A84901EB539A616937A3226F7727" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EBDA6FCB30858E19FA23448D7E15571" author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Berlin" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Pars 78: Chrysomelidae: 13. Galerucinae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. W." year="1924">Weise 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 142 (catalogue).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D636E8E70D22C012F575D029D30C6AA1" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A4079473392A261CFCF1468387FC972" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16C4064426A66C9092654736A1857AEB" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF9A92C86FE409B970D96671C26562AA" author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Moskva-Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Listoedy, Galerucinae. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye Zhestkokrylye, n. s. 8 (1)." year="1936">Ogloblin 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 365 (redescription).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="074AF0C9CD96059346A1CEEBBBCF002E" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8492C07CD91C78BDF3EC3EB98DB2BE85" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5862E1367F5819DB1013ADD464FBA0FA" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Gressitt and Kimoto 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 723 (China: Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDFAE3E5DE8A7207883770858DF0FDF4" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 68" title="Motes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68 (Taiwan);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="08F18EFEFDD51E4A5E8D2FE95FE1973B" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 203 (catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="15F30B01F6392B71660A92E7C5DE902C" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="237 - 272" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1983 and 1986." volume="38" year="1989">Kimoto 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 260 (Taiwan);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4AA10B0E7AE4EDCCCC53F181DA9C5DE6" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 27" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1987, 1988 and 1989." volume="40" year="1991">Kimoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17 (Taiwan);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A32C750BB230572A94B03C83B03FEBC" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Kimoto and Chu 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 91 (catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8538A7BFDEC54421DC6377A84DAA31BE" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan." year="1997">Kimoto and Takizawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 392 (catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79AB5C2DA1F001AA0C90CA81A447DB4E" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 459 (catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8165EB1D56EABF9DFFE039BDC1403D0" author="Yang, X-K" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Chinese leaf beetles." year="2015">Yang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 172 (catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C30C1D61C86D9FA8C0772C6AA22A1D6E" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network, New Taipei City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 3." year="2016">Lee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96 (biology).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1DBE4860E0B29630C175A3A6C0D07DEA" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9ECF0141E63E36A47CF2A8375AB6398B" genus="Sphenoraia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenoraia chujoi" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="chujoi">Sphenoraia chujoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lee, 2014: 143. syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35DD0DBE1AC4263402B7285EC4DAB13" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="677AB6B4567F401A76C35E1F01FA6E9F" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15E41561C1DA3BF84667BCD6CF6A3BD2" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6693EA92254D44D65A327089A999F595" genus="Eustetha" lsidName="Eustetha flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Eustetha flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: "Type [p, w, circular label with red border] // Baly Coll. [p, w] // Eustetha / flaviventris / Baly / N. China [h, g]". Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="67233376C373F35AC4743C1C47264319" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD43BF4F61CFA89BBF01C8B2620704AC" genus="Sphenoraia" lsidName="Sphenoraia chujoi" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="chujoi">Sphenoraia chujoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype ♂ (TARI):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0FB2D40E14510D4085462506EA0172C7" originalValue="“Sôzan">"Sozan</normalizedToken>
|
||
[h] [= Yangmingshan,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="030D542A2B4CE707C41462176917D1DA" originalValue="陽明山">陽明山</normalizedToken>
|
||
] / FORMOSA [p] / 25.X.1936 [h] / COL. M. CHUJO[p, w] // Holotypus / Sphenoraia chujoi / Lee, sp. nov. / det. C.-F. Lee, 2014 [p, r]". Paratypes: 3♀♀ (TARI):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="459E6A85F9F74F2468D2B247D997F035" originalValue="“Sôzan">"Sozan</normalizedToken>
|
||
[h] / FORMOSA [p] / 25.X.1936 [h] / COL. M. CHUJO[p, w] // Paratypus / Sphenoraia chujoi / Lee, sp. nov. / det. C.-F. Lee, 2014 [p, pink label]"
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37E837E4EDF78E94030ED09910F19C42" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1CA86A335A934690E866155F55FB75" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E7DC5A6421BB7CF2522E2BAEE880FB3" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F95DC470ECBB6EAB60005E129080E56F" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8895B4AC696C1B9A3717E8DF45D35218" lsidName="G. shirozui" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="shirozui">G. shirozui</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="962162A346D9C8D713A7F8D98CD6D748" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D2740EBD5FB8701E48DD1D9162AE4F4" lsidName="G. thoracica" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="thoracica">G. thoracica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacoby in possessing metallic elytra, but are easily recognized by their metallic pronota (yellow brown pronota with black spots in other species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7F20FA96FFFD48229DB5BD6C41168425" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="3457AE799097880934C504B11DB1C7B7" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86C7FF4FB7FD63D9EEDF617339DDF263" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
See description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CE832DB08FDC81CB3B0F6BFD47AABD1" genus="Sphenoraia" lsidName="Sphenoraia chujoi" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="chujoi">Sphenoraia chujoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E41F6909927A293E1B45A9DD165EFAA" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterist Bulletin" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="143 - 151" title="The genus Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) in Taiwan, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-68.1.143" volume="68" year="2014">Lee (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09647C4CCE200772AABA212484C2DDC4" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C663468D4E078860C5C10E0D95C64E06" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4E7E4DC34509CF8DE8890558B7FA6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Specimens from China are uniformly metallic blue (Fig. 4C) but those from Taiwan are metallic green, bronze, or purple (Figs 4A, B, 5E, F).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4E5EEF2DB3D5923FD5B9ADFE6CB1C2A6" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21D98AD0B4189CB973FA3F2AF343FD2" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Figures 4. Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEB931B3510D3D5023D75C7376A8FA47" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="genus">Gallerucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BE5804A375317651D2A538902634DF0" lsidName="G. flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">G. flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baly), male from Taiwan, dorsal view B Ditto, ventral view C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B15C58CC447CEA9E5D932AFFA0AF594" lsidName="G. flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">G. flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baly), female from China, dorsal view D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9D99739B58BEC3D0419BC9E3275A1B0" lsidName="G. singularis" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="singularis">G. singularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harold, male, dorsal view E Ditto, ventral view F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D842BA0C48701BDD551B63CEF3BBC73B" lsidName="G. singularis" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="singularis">G. singularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harold, female, dorsal view G
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F073F1509B0760B155E7CF7F20C23466" lsidName="G. singularis" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="singularis">G. singularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harold, posterior view H
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62DE7FA3484BE51E6F688406F21C41CC" lsidName="G. gebieni" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="gebieni">G. gebieni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Weise, posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1194DEF2B0A4C107E00BF4C013B4D48F" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C65468A0CED8CA734BDC6D43E568939" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59B0842241B9C8A57F81062E60C6571F" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31AD0EACE5BD0586A9F83EC6FC526070" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0061CD6EAADCF15E1EE37BE4360E92A6" authority="Docuce" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polygonatum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="odoratum" variety="pluriflorum">Polygonatum odoratum Docuce var. pluriflorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ohwi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="504703791500B57C4E15339157CEDBBE" author="Yu, P" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 54. Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea (II)." year="1996">Yu et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE26C0A3969F7648732B2944E407C1D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="971B0BCEDA4D5E51D31B4E532C4CF3F6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Cayratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cayratia" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cayratia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA33DC45FAB30B14497B5A3013C5FA74" author="Yu, P" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 54. Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea (II)." year="1996">Yu et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A26E84B20DD5B7700B342E8CED1DCADD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus tricuspidata" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricuspidata">Parthenocissus tricuspidata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7088B944F97017786763F543318036C0" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network, New Taipei City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 3." year="2016">Lee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DA378AC8DA79A171AB7D93AE01A9B900" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="43142BCD6D8076B1592FE66DA3782A7B" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9442C25A4026FD77ACF66FB43B0AE286" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="627543DB7B0E7D44C88AA90713E7CC64" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are presumably univoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F74CBBE9A0F9C3010D023FB2E32BD71F" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network, New Taipei City" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 3." year="2016">Lee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females began to deposit an average of 80 eggs in single egg mass (Fig. 5A) during late March.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="9D1688C5C9493D9E970CDB75E8524DC3" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" start="start">Eggs</pageBreakToken>
|
||
hatched in 11 days. The larvae (Fig. 5B) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 14 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 5C) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 5D) was 15-18 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="152091A35313AF1741CD2367E8718CE1" originalValue="E–">E-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5F) during summer and autumn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54D9128A1C5C18428B515AD81279C6B2" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<paragraph id="7BDDA2B4ABC09A75180589C428AB4753" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Figures 5. Field photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E99D71B0732F33929869CADA14419DE" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baly). A Egg mass B Early instar larvae C Mature larvae D Pupa E Adult, typical form F Adult, color variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55CDC7D766FDEF8C16F21CC51B380748" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B7325DFE8D4858DF7B4F2244E3F2322" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="53786A8C198D7ABBC4712CB77D76886C" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B56A839D43892979D80EE45100390A40" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56993E2E58BBAD371A023F18BDCBDB3E" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterist Bulletin" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="143 - 151" title="The genus Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) in Taiwan, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-68.1.143" volume="68" year="2014">Lee (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5063659779D5DAAE4EA35BF2941C3FF8" genus="Sphenoraia" lsidName="Sphenoraia chujoi" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="chujoi">Sphenoraia chujoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the character of the metasternum was overlooked. This species is certainly attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8CC1D0535941607ECE313D336EF447" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida flaviventris" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Gallerucida flaviventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63F3A2CEBF6C9068562F60A822BF99D4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="575FD5F82257A9E34302C5BCE175A4D1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A64FA1F0F0A09FCB425313BF793AB74" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
CHINA. Anhui: 1♂ (CAS), Tung-Lu, 30.III.1926, leg. D. E. Wright; Fujian: 3♂♂ (TARI), Jiuxianshan [九仙山], 22.VI.2014; 1♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 14.VI.2015; Guanxi: 1♂ (TARI), Dayaoshan [大瑤山], 16.IV.2016; Hong Kong: 1♀ (BMNH); Sichuan: 1♂ (CAS), Chang-Tau-Ching, 18.VII.1948, leg. Gressitt & Djou; Zhejiang: 1♂ (BPBM), Hangchow [= Hangzhou,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8BF585FB682EF6ACBE5B5DE50D19D6F" originalValue="杭州">杭州</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 2.VII.1924, leg. J. F. Illingworth; 2♂♂ (1♂: BPBM; 1♂: KMNH), same but with "3.IV.1924; TAIWAN. Taipei: 1♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Lengshuikeng [冷水坑], 4-5.VII.2009, leg. J.-C. Chen; 1♀ (TARI), Mientienshan [面天山], 22.X.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 31 exs., (TARI), Neishuanghsi [內雙溪], reared from
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F7FA06D0017DB8A24C27A48B484BA54A" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" start="start">eggs</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 12-17.V.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Tatunhsi trail [大屯溪古道], 28.V.2013, leg. H. Lee; 1♀ (TARI), Tatunshan [大屯山], 26.V.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♂ (TARI), Tienhsiyuan [=天溪園], 8.V.2015, leg. H. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), Yangmingshan [陽明山], 6.X.2008, leg. J.-C. Chen; Taitung: 1♂, 3♀♀ (EUMJ), Luye (鹿野), 8.IV.2012, leg. Yamasako; Taoyuan: 1♂ (TARI), Hsuanhuan [萱源], 13.V.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4188DBBDA5D9A3589A1C0C983C72FB40" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D7BE8407F9A8BD40DA5AC66CCBE1FE8" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1605F028E02A15273DAC7B68D5F904D6" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">China, Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |