360 lines
42 KiB
XML
360 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="153d057d-c190-4db9-aa8b-4da3cb04ae64" ID-PMC="PMC7683496" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-993-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" ID-PubMed="33262675" ID-ZooBank="C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-993-47" checkinTime="1605571755153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong" docDate="2020" docId="531C46BD6AAE5077A4ADFA5CDB02AA38" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 993: 47-120" docOrigin="ZooKeys 993" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" docTitle="Phorocardius unguicularis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" masterDocTitle="Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668169908327" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5592</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Douglas, Hume B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-7554</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qiu, Lu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaoqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Shihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>993</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>120</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-993-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169091763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:531C46BD6AAE5077A4ADFA5CDB02AA38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/531C46BD6AAE5077A4ADFA5CDB02AA38" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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8.
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<taxonomicName LSID="531C46BD-6AAE-5077-A4AD-FA5CDB02AA38" authority="(Fleutiaux, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Shape of supraantennal carina of Chinese Phorocardius species. Arrows indicating supraantennal carina forked near eye. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. K head, frontal-lateral view, arrows indicating forked supraantennal carina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475457" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 23H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 24H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 25H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475460" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 26G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">Cardiophorus unguicularis</taxonomicName>
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Fleutiaux, 1918: 222. Type locality: "Tonkin:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
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de Lao-Kay et de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ho-Khéou">Ho-Kheou</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="frontière">frontiere</normalizedToken>
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de Chine", interpreted as Vietnam: the area near frontier of Lao-Cai city (Vietnam) and He-Kou city (China).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">Phorocardius unguicularis</taxonomicName>
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: Fleutiaux 1913: 311.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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China: Yunnan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleutiaux, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="306 - 334" refId="B17" refString="Fleutiaux, E, 1931. Les Elaterides de I'Indo-Chine Francaise (Catalogue raisonne). Quatrieme partie. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 56: 306 - 334" title="Les Elaterides de I'Indo-Chine Francaise (Catalogue raisonne). Quatrieme partie." volume="56" year="1931">Fleutiaux 1931</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleutiaux, E" journalOrPublisher="Notes d'entomologie chinoise" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="233 - 420" refId="B18" refString="Fleutiaux, E, 1947. Revision des elaterides (Coleopteres) do l'lndo-Chine francaise. Notes d'entomologie chinoise 11: 233 - 420" title="Revision des elaterides (Coleopteres) do l'lndo-Chine francaise." volume="11" year="1947">1947</bibRefCitation>
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), Hainan (new record), Sichuan ("Se-Tchouen, Aubert" -
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleutiaux, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="306 - 334" refId="B17" refString="Fleutiaux, E, 1931. Les Elaterides de I'Indo-Chine Francaise (Catalogue raisonne). Quatrieme partie. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 56: 306 - 334" title="Les Elaterides de I'Indo-Chine Francaise (Catalogue raisonne). Quatrieme partie." volume="56" year="1931">Fleutiaux (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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); Vietnam (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19997" author="Fleutiaux, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um national d'histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="205 - 236" refId="B16" refString="Fleutiaux, E, 1918. Coleopteres Elaterides indochinois de la collection du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris, catalogue et description des especes nouvelles. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle 24: 205 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19997" title="Coleopteres Elaterides indochinois de la collection du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris, catalogue et description des especes nouvelles." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19997" volume="24" year="1918">Fleutiaux 1918</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Body length greater than 7.0 mm; integument brown to dark brown. Prothorax: procoxal cavities open; prosternal process gradually and only slightly narrowed posterad to ventral apex in ventral view, with apex almost truncate. Pterothorax: scutellar shield with posterior apex pointed. Tarsal claw with ventral apex not smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere without preapical lateral expansion or apical mesal callus in any view. Female: apex of last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) simple, not emarginate at apex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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This species is unique among Chinese
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by having extremely dense pronotal punctation (interspaces between pronotal punctures 0.3-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918) resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fleutiaux, 1931 in body color and size. They can be separated by the following combination of characters: in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. unguicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918), aedeagus slender in lateral view (paramere maximum thickness 1/5 paramere length), in ventral view paramere widened from base to mid-length, narrowed from mid-length to apex, apex pointed and without preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with deep punctures, interspaces between punctures 0.3-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina convex at middle in frontal view; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fleutiaux, 1931, aedeagus robust in lateral view (paramere maximum thickness 1/3 paramere length); in ventral view, paramere slightly widened from base to apical fourth, apical fourth abruptly narrowed, with hook-like preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with interspaces between punctures 1-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina straight in frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918) resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. yanagiharae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927) in body color. They can be separated by the following combination of characters. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. unguicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918), in ventral view, aedeagus with paramere gradually narrowed from mid-length to apex, apex pointed and without preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with deep punctures, interspaces between punctures 0.3-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina convex in frontal view; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. yanagiharae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927), in ventral view, aedeagus with paramere, abruptly narrowed from apical third to apex, apex with hook-like preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with shallow punctures, interspaces between punctures 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina straight in frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. astutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="astutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. astutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
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, 1888), it differs from the latter based on the following characters: body brown to dark-brown with yellow-brown appendages; legs yellow-brown throughout; proximal sclerites of copulatrix kidney-shaped with slight basal concavity; and parameres of aedeagus without pre-apical lateral expansions. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. astutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="astutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. astutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: body brown-black with dark appendages; legs with red-brown joints; proximal sclerites of copulatrix oval, not kidney-shaped, without basal concavity; and parameres wedge-like with pre-apical lateral expansions. Additionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. unguicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has narrower pronotum and body, and larger body length. Further study of these two species would be important to verify their status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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(Based on photographs of the holotype and all examined specimens) Body brown to dark brown (brown-black in a few); legs and antennae brown; pronotum slightly darker than rest (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">16A, B</figureCitation>
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). Integument matt, with yellow pubescence.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
head of holotype, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum (non-type specimen)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
||
distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Measurements.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(based on the type and non-type specimens) Male body length 8.6-11.2 mm, width 2.2-3.2 mm. Female body length 9.6-12.8 mm, width 3.0-4.0 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.9-3.1. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1-1.2. Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.76-0.81. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.7-3.1; elytron length to width ratio 4.4-4.7.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Frons and vertex with interspaces between punctures 0.5-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
average puncture diameter. Frontal carina in frontal view convex, not straight. Antenna with apex slightly extending over base of elytron, slightly varied long in different individuals. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 3.6-3.8. Antenna length to body length ratio, in male 0.39-0.42, in female 0.37-0.39. Proportions of antennomere lengths (male): 100 (scape); 60-65; 80-85; 95-99; 95-99; 91-95; 94-104; 92-95; 86-90; 73-83; 100-105.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum in dorsal view: sides evenly convex, widest near mid-length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">16C</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior angles with lateral sides almost straight, slightly convex and bulged at basal half in some cases; surface with interspaces between punctures 0.3-1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
average puncture diameter. In ventral view, ventral surface of prosternal process with sides not carinate and gradually narrowed from anterior to near posterior end, apex almost truncate. In lateral view, prosternal process with ventral surface curved slightly dorsad, posterior end with ventral 2/3 almost straight, dorsal 1/3 produced posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24H</figureCitation>
|
||
, upper arrow). Procoxal cavities open.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesepisternum in ventral view with antero-mesal angle right-angled (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25H</figureCitation>
|
||
, upper (green) arrow). Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum: almost absent in ventral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25H</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower (red) arrow), and lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24H</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower (red) arrow). Scutellar shield: width to length ratio 0.94-0.95; anterolateral edges slightly sinuate; posterior apex pointed. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 78-85; 70-78; 50-57; 125-134. Claw with ventral apex almost as large as dorsal apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Robust from ventral and dorsal views, slender in lateral view. Median lobe in ventral view gradually narrowing from base to near mid-length, apical half elongate with sides parallel-sided to slightly convex, apex narrowly rounded. Median lobe in lateral view almost straight, apex narrowly rounded. Paramere in ventral view: robust, width 3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median lobe width (measured at mid-length of paramere and median lobe respectively), widest near mid-length; gradually narrowing from mid-length to apex, apex elongate and needle-like, without preapical lateral expansion or apical mesal callus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">16E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paramere in lateral view: slender, gradually narrowing and curved ventrad from base to near apex; preapical ventral expansion absent, without hook-shaped structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body color like male. Apex of abdominal ventrite V slightly sinuate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475460" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">26G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix elongate-kidney shaped, apex acute (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475449" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">16H</figureCitation>
|
||
), base with slight concavity: each with 13-15 large spines mainly on the convex mesal edge, 10-12 smaller spines on disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
(sex unknown, in MNHN, photographs of holotype provided by Dr Antoine Mantilleri), labels: 1) Museum Paris,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Frontière">Frontiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Chine-Tonkin, Region De Lao-Kay, Et Ho-Kheou, Ch. Dupont; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fleut., type, Fleutiaux det.; 3) Collection E. Fleutiaux; 4) Holotype [red label]; 5) Holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918); 6) MNHN EC9217.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
1♀ (TARI), without information of locality, with only one label:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fleut., Coll. E. Fleutiaux. 1♂16♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Yunnan</emphasis>
|
||
, Li-jiang, Yu-long-shan (玉龙山), 2700 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1984.VII.27, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918) Det. Ruan, 2018. • 4♂4♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Yunnan</emphasis>
|
||
, Li-jiang, Yu-hu (玉湖), 2750 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1984.VII.21-23, leg. Jiangguo Fang / Changfang Li [in Chinese]; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918) Det. Ruan, 2018. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Yunnan</emphasis>
|
||
, Collection Fleutiaux, Li-jiang, Yu-long-shan (玉龙山), 2700 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1984.VII.27, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918) Det. Ruan, 2018. • 2♂7♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Yunnan</emphasis>
|
||
, Yong-sheng, Liu-de (六德), 2250-2750 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1984.VII, leg. Shuyong Wang et al. [in Chinese]; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918) Det. Ruan, 2018. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hainan</emphasis>
|
||
Prov., Chang-jiang County, Ba-wang-ling, 145 m, 2007.V.7N, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 19.1104N 109.08168E, leg. Hongbin Liang, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fleutiaux" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius unguicularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius unguicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1918) Det. Ruan, 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Based on specimen information, this species inhabits low to high elevations in south China and north Vietnam. The highest elevation record for this species is around 2750 m. Some specimens were collected at the foot of Yu-long-shan Mountain (also known as Yu-long Snow Mountain), whose main peak is 5596 m, and with snowfall all the year-round above 3500 m. South China and north Vietnam are rainy, with subtropical to tropical climates, with subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest or tropical rain forest. This species is known only from the Oriental Region.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |