326 lines
52 KiB
XML
326 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="438439C6DD68C7AA83A6748AD65765DE">Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="018B0FDAE6B88016B85D696591E80D6C">Holzer, Victoria J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19E612176EFAB852512AD4A485B8FA81">Kretschmann, Juliane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0C4B83812FC08EF649DAEF24AAAB7D3">Knechtel, Johanna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DB9B974BFA917D81285B716E9DDF1F0">Owsianny, Paweł M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D307F3437B7A8C88F86B0193BB325E44">Gottschling, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9866D76ADC6385CB39325A478EB6E879">Department Biologie: Systematics, Biodiversity & Evolution</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="4D0999373810FFF3FCE8FCB7D221693D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D0999373810FFF3FCE8FCB7D221693D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D0999373810FFF3FCE8FCB7D221693D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="9E579F4D3810FFFCFCE8FCB7D52F6D07" bold="true" box="[816,1351,852,879]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFCE8FCB7D39E6D07" authority="Lemmerm." box="[816,1014,852,879]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFCE8FCB7D39E6D07" bold="true" box="[816,1014,852,879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peridinium volzii</emphasis>
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is morphologically variable
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<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFFCFCE8FC7BD3A268B8" blockId="7.[816,1453,920,1911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Despite the uniqueness of
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFB91FC7AD4F46DD8" box="[1097,1180,920,944]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFB91FC7AD4F46DD8" box="[1097,1180,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
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due to the small first apical plate, the morphological plasticity within the evolutionary lineage appears great. However, all this plasticity (shown within monoclonal strains and partly formalised in numerous varieties and forms) cannot be associated with other traits such as environmental conditions, geographic occurrence or genetic constitution that evolutionary adaptation appears of minor importance in
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFBE9FB61D4EE6AF1" box="[1073,1158,1153,1177]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFBE9FB61D4EE6AF1" box="[1073,1158,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A considerable number of infraspecific taxa have been described (
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<tableCitation id="88221D9A3810FFFCFB3EFB40D5476AD3" box="[1254,1327,1187,1211]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[122,171,393,414]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2 Basionyms that have been associated with P. volzii, with diagnostic traits and further information as inferred from the protologues, and abundance of such traits in the investigated material" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/91DF78A93811FFFDFFA2FE6AD0F16FD6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="91DF78A93811FFFDFFA2FE6AD0F16FD6">Table 2</tableCitation>
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) and based on the microscopic study of monoclonal strains we confirm the existence of traits such as additional sutures (associated with, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFC7CFAEBD4AD6B77" box="[932,1221,1287,1311]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" form="complexum" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="form" species="volzii">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFC7CFAEBD3936B77" box="[932,1019,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
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forma
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFB92FAE4D4AD6B77" box="[1098,1221,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">complexum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<figureCitation id="5D9B34A43810FFFCFB0CFAE4D5426B77" box="[1236,1322,1287,1311]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="025885C43810FFFCFADEFAE4D5426B77" box="[1286,1322,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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) and fusion of plates (associated with, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFBAFFACAD5236B28" box="[1143,1355,1320,1344]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="simplex">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFBAFFACAD4A26B28" box="[1143,1226,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFB23FACBD5236B28" box="[1275,1355,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">simplex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<figureCitation id="5D9B34A43810FFFCFA81FACBD5F66B28" box="[1369,1438,1320,1344]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3l</figureCitation>
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). Other traits such as the shifted suture (of
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFB2AFAAAD56B6BEB" authority="Er. Lindem." authorityName="Er. Lindem." class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="guestrowiense" variety="betacollineatum">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFB2AFAAAD3F06BEB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peridinium guestrowiense</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFC08FA88D4166BEB" box="[976,1150,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">betacollineatum</emphasis>
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Er.Lindem.
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</taxonomicName>
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) having importance in species such as
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<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFBEFFA6ED30D6BAE" authority="% Izquierdo Lopez et al., 2018" authorityName="Izquierdo Lopez" authorityYear="2018" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="cinctum">
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<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFBEFFA6ED4C06BCC" box="[1079,1192,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. cinctum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A13155D03810FFFCFB19FA6FD30D6BAE" author="Izquierdo Lopez, A. & Kretschmann, J. & Zerdoner Calasan, A. & Gottschling, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="156 - 165" refId="ref10719" refString="Izquierdo Lopez, A., Kretschmann, J., Zerdoner Calasan, A., & Gottschling, M. % 2018). The many faces of Peridinium cinctum: Morphological and molecular variability in a common dinophyte. European Journal of Phycology, 53, 156 - 165." type="journal article" year="2018">Izquierdo López et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A13155D03810FFFCFCABFA4ED43D6BAE" author="Romeikat, C. & Izquierdo Lopez, A. & Tietze, C. & Kretschmann, J. & Gottschling, M." box="[883,1109,1453,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="147 - 157" refId="ref12511" refString="Romeikat, C., Izquierdo Lopez, A., Tietze, C., Kretschmann, J., & Gottschling, M. % 2019). Typification for reliable application of subspecific names within Peridinium cinctum % Peridiniales, Dinophyceae). Phytotaxa, 424, 147 - 157." type="journal article" year="2019">Romeikat et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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) have not been found during the course of the present study. It is known today that varying widths of sutures, where the intercalary space becomes distinctively striate, are ontogenetically disposed (growth bands:
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<bibRefCitation id="A13155D03810FFFCFCE8F9D0D3D36823" author="Netzel, H." box="[816,955,1587,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="64 - 74" refId="ref12241" refString="Netzel, H. % 1982). Cytologigal and ecological aspects of morphogenesis and structure of recent and fossil protists-skeletons: Dinoflagellates. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 164, 64 - 74." type="journal article" year="1982">Netzel, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). This trait (
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<figureCitation id="5D9B34A43810FFFCFB97F9D0D4F66822" box="[1103,1182,1587,1611]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="4.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-7@3.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="◂Fig.1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800741/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1a</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A43810FFFCFB73F9D0D57B6823" box="[1195,1299,1587,1611]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3b, e, i, k</figureCitation>
|
||
) is associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFCBFF9B6D4726804" authorityName="% Lindemann" authorityYear="1916" box="[871,1050,1621,1644]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="guestrowiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFCBFF9B6D4726804" box="[871,1050,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. guestrowiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forma
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFBB0F9B7D5486804" box="[1128,1312,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">late-intercalatum</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFA8EF9B6D3FD68E5" authorityName="% Lindemann" authorityYear="1916" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="guestrowiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFA8EF9B6D3FD68E5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. guestrowiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forma
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFC06F996D4A068E5" box="[990,1224,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">latissime-intercalatum</emphasis>
|
||
Er.Lindem. and is the only one that occurs in combination with other morphological deviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="91DF78A93810FFFCFF52F95ED0F7691D" ID-Table-UUID="91DF78A93810FFFCFF52F95ED0F7691D" box="[138,164,1725,1909]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/91DF78A93810FFFCFF52F95ED0F7691D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[138,164,1725,1731]" targetBox="[181,641,261,1908]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFFCFF52F95ED0CC68AB" blockId="7.[138,164,1725,1909]" box="[138,164,1725,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFFCFF52F920D0CC694D" blockId="7.[138,164,1725,1909]" box="[138,164,1731,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">continued (</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFF3FC97F93AD36C6A5D" blockId="7.[816,1453,920,1911]" lastBlockId="8.[135,773,452,1877]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The diagnostic trait of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFBEDF939D518689A" authority="G. S. West" authorityName="G. S. West" authorityYear="1916" box="[1077,1392,1753,1778]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="australe">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFBEDF939D4ED6899" box="[1077,1157,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFB6EF93AD5626899" box="[1206,1290,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">australe</emphasis>
|
||
G.S.West
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the antapical plates of unequal size (versus equal size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFA81F91FD3FD695C" authority="var. volzii" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="volzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFA81F91FD5C3697B" box="[1369,1451,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFC85F8FFD3FD695C" box="[861,917,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">volzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and this character state is frequent (> 70%) in the material under investigation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A43810FFFCFBBCF8DED4C8693D" box="[1124,1184,1853,1878]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similarly, the diagnostic trait of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A23810FFFCFCA3F883D481691F" authority="M. Lefevre" authorityName="M. Lefevre" box="[891,1257,1887,1911]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="cinctiforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFCA3F883D3A4691F" box="[891,972,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFC25F8BCD41C691F" box="[1021,1140,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">cinctiforme</emphasis>
|
||
M.Lefèvre
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the apical plates 2′ and 4′ of unequal size (versus rather equal size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FD68FE25D0846F97" authority="var. volzii" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="volzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FD68FE25D36B6FB5" box="[688,771,453,477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF6CFE04D0846F97" box="[180,236,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">volzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and this character state (distinctive in species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FF7CFDEAD17A6C48" box="[164,274,521,544]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="cinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF7CFDEAD17A6C48" box="[164,274,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. cinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FE9CFDEBD2E56C48" authority="Wolosz." authorityName="Wolosz." box="[324,653,520,544]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="raciborskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FE9CFDEBD2476C48" box="[324,559,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peridinium raciborskii</emphasis>
|
||
Wołosz.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is also not rare (25
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF01FDC9D0836C29" box="[217,235,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">‒</emphasis>
|
||
50%) in the material studied here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FD8DFDCAD2F16C29" box="[597,665,553,577]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
|
||
). We even confirm the existence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FE41FDA8D1026CEC" authority="Er. Lindem." authorityName="Er. Lindem." class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="subVariety" species="guestrowiense" subVariety="originale">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FE41FDA8D2D86C0A" box="[409,688,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peridinium guestrowiense</emphasis>
|
||
subvar.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF52FD8FD0846CEC" box="[138,236,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">originale</emphasis>
|
||
Er.Lindem.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having six postcingular plates (versus five such plates usually present in peridinialean dinophytes;
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FF51FD4CD0A66CAF" box="[137,206,687,711]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
). The reduction from six to five postcingular plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FF50FD33D16D6C80" box="[136,261,720,744]" class="Dinophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="order">Peridiniales</taxonomicName>
|
||
may result from a fusion of the third and fourth postcingular plate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A13155D0381FFFF3FE85FD12D2236D61" author="Gottschling, M. & Carbonell-Moore, M. C. & Mertens, K. N. & Kirsch, M. & Elbrachter, M. & Tillmann, U." box="[349,587,753,777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref10199" refString="Gottschling, M., Carbonell-Moore, M. C., Mertens, K. N., Kirsch, M., Elbrachter, M., & Tillmann, U. % 2021). Fensomea setacea, gen. & sp. nov. % Cladopyxidaceae, Dinophyceae), is neither gonyaulacoid nor peridinioid as inferred from morphological and molecular data. Scientific Reports, 11, 12824." type="journal volume" year="2021">Gottschling et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) present today in dinophytes such as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FE5DFCF0D2266D43" box="[389,590,787,811]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Amphidomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="family">Amphidomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A13155D0381FFFF3FDBFFCF0D0D46D24" author="Tillmann, U. & Elbrachter, M. & Krock, B. & John, U. & Cembella, A." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref12810" refString="Tillmann, U., Elbrachter, M., Krock, B., John, U., & Cembella, A. % 2009). Azadinium spinosum gen. et sp. nov. % Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins. European Journal of Phycology, 44, 63 - 79." type="journal article" year="2009">Tillmann et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Already Lindemann (1920: 122) pointed out the possibility that phylogenetically ancestral character states occasionally recur (known as atavism), which is corroborated by our observations of individual such cells in monoclonal strains. However, all such variation occurs in individual cells and cannot be associated with other traits such as a genetic constitution or geographic occurrence. Therefore, the recognition of corresponding taxa at infraspecific ranks does not appear justified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFFCFF52F8D7D0F76957" blockId="7.[138,164,1725,1909]" box="[138,159,1844,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFF52F8D7D0F76957" bold="true" box="[138,159,1844,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F28213810FFFCFF52F8A7D0F7691D" blockId="7.[138,164,1725,1909]" box="[138,159,1860,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F4333810FFFCFF52F8A7D0F7691D" bold="true" box="[138,159,1860,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="91DF78A9381FFFF3FF51FF7FD1596F73" ID-Table-UUID="91DF78A9381FFFF3FF51FF7FD1596F73" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/91DF78A9381FFFF3FF51FF7FD1596F73" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[137,186,156,177]" targetBox="[476,1450,165,372]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F2821381FFFF3FF51FF7FD1596F73" blockId="8.[136,417,155,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF51FF7FD0A06ED9" bold="true" box="[137,200,156,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 3</emphasis>
|
||
Newly identified phenotypical variabilities in strains determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FE95FF32D1FD6E8D" box="[333,405,208,230]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FE95FF32D1FD6E8D" box="[333,405,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Frequency determined for each ribotype (
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF39FEE5D0846F73" box="[225,236,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F2821381FFFF3FE04FF46D5EF6F19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="B7A0DA81381F0004FE04FF46D5C26F1C" box="[476,1450,165,372]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FF46D5C26ED3" box="[476,1450,165,187]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FF46D2DC6ED3" box="[476,692,165,187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation</th>
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FF46D3846ED3" box="[777,1004,165,187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ribotype</th>
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FB53FF46D5C26ED3" box="[1163,1450,165,187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Image</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FF34D5C26E86" box="[476,1450,215,238]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FF34D2DC6E86" box="[476,692,215,238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plate 4′′ pentagonal</th>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FF34D3846E86" box="[777,1004,215,238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I (21%), II (3%), III (1%)</td>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FB53FF34D5C26E86" box="[1163,1450,215,238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FB53FF3BD4FE6E85" box="[1163,1174,216,237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
=100 for each ribotype 3b
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FF1BD5C26F66" box="[476,1450,248,270]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FF1BD2DC6F66" box="[476,692,248,270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plate 2a split</th>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FF1BD3846F66" box="[777,1004,248,270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I (3%), II (2%), III (3%)</td>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FB53FF1BD5C26F66" box="[1163,1450,248,270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FB53FF1AD4FE6F66" box="[1163,1174,249,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
=100 for each ribotype 3c
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FEFAD5C26F59" box="[476,1450,281,305]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FEFAD2DC6F59" box="[476,692,281,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plates 1a and 3′ fused</th>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FEFAD3846F59" box="[777,1004,281,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
I
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FCCEFEFAD3766F47" bold="true" box="[790,798,281,303]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(</emphasis>
|
||
7%), II (6%), III (2%)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FB53FEFAD5C26F59" box="[1163,1450,281,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FB53FEF9D4FE6F47" box="[1163,1174,282,303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
=100 for each ribotype 3f
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FED8D5C26F3A" box="[476,1450,315,338]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FED8D2DC6F3A" box="[476,692,315,338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plates 2′′ and 3″ fused</th>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FED8D3846F3A" box="[777,1004,315,338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I (2%), II (1%), III (1%)</td>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FB53FED8D5C26F3A" box="[1163,1450,315,338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FB53FED8D4FE6F38" box="[1163,1174,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
=100 for each ribotype 3d
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B902A63381F0004FE04FEBFD5C26F1C" box="[476,1450,348,372]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="3841431F381F0004FE04FEBFD2DC6F1C" box="[476,692,348,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused</th>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FCD1FEBFD3846F1C" box="[777,1004,348,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I (1%), II (1%), III (1%)</td>
|
||
<td id="3841431F381F0004FB53FEBFD5C26F1C" box="[1163,1450,348,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FB53FEBED4FE6F1A" box="[1163,1174,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
=100 for each ribotype 3e
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C51F2821381FFFF3FF7EFBDCD221693D" blockId="8.[135,773,452,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In addition to the historically described intraspecific variabilities, we detected five cases of yet undiscovered deviation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FECBFB61D1036AF1" box="[275,363,1153,1177]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FECBFB61D1036AF1" box="[275,363,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The unusual epithecal configuration with plate 4″ abutting plate 3a (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FE2DFB40D2466AD3" box="[501,558,1187,1211]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b) has to the best of knowledge never been noted in the literature before. More-over, alternate configurations between, for example, plates 3′ and 4″ (resp. 1a and 3a;
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FE21FAE4D2086B77" box="[505,608,1287,1311]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="4.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-7@3.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="◂Fig.1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800741/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1c, f</figureCitation>
|
||
) within monoclonal strains are reminiscent of, for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FDAFFACBD1646BEB" authority="Wolosz. ex Kretschmann, Zerdoner, Owsianny & Gottschling" authorityName="Kretschmann, Zerdoner, Owsianny & Gottschling" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Parvodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="mixtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FDAFFACBD0B16B09" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parvodinium mixtum</emphasis>
|
||
Wołosz. ex Kretschmann, Zerdoner, Owsianny & Gottschling
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A13155D0381FFFF3FEF1FA88D2246BEB" author="Kretschmann, J. & Owsianny, P. M. & Zerdoner Calasan, A. & Gottschling, M." box="[297,588,1387,1411]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="206 - 230" refId="ref11156" refString="Kretschmann, J., Owsianny, P. M., Zerdoner Calasan, A., & Gottschling, M. % 2018 a). The hot spot in a cold environment: Puzzling Parvodinium % Peridiniopsidaceae, Peridiniales) from the Polish Tatra Mountains. Protist, 169, 206 - 230." type="journal article" year="2018">Kretschmann et al., 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An additional suture and the split of plate 2a (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FE31FA6FD2456BCC" box="[489,557,1420,1444]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
) have also not been reported from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FEE8FA4DD1E26BAD" box="[304,394,1453,1477]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="volzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FEE8FA4DD1E26BAD" box="[304,394,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so far. Fusion of plates regularly though rarely appears in the thecal pattern of various dinophytes, and corresponding observations in the present study do not come as a surprise. Usually, the fusion of plates takes place within plate series such as the intercalary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FD68F9D0D29E6823" box="[688,758,1587,1611]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
|
||
), precingular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FEC5F9B7D10B6804" box="[285,355,1620,1644]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and antapical series (associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02A053A2381FFFF3FF51F995D10A68E5" box="[137,354,1653,1677]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gymnodiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gymnodiniales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Miozoa" rank="variety" species="volzii" variety="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FF51F995D0B668E5" box="[137,222,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. volzii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F7D4F433381FFFF3FEC8F996D10A68E5" box="[272,354,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FEA8F996D1DF68E5" box="[368,439,1653,1677]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3l</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the fusion of plates associated with different plate series is very rare, and we found fused plates 1′″ and 1″″ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D9B34A4381FFFF3FE06F95BD24968B8" box="[478,545,1720,1744]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-6@9.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.3 Historically described phenotypical variations and yet undiscovered deviations in the plate pattern of P. volzii. b–c, f, i, l–m Light microscopy, a, d–e, g–h, k scanning electron microscopy. a–f Newly identified deviations a–b plate 4′′ pentagonal in strains a GeoM*793; b GeoM*788; c plate 2a split (strain GeoK*024); d plates 2′′ and 3′′ fused (strain GeoM*866); e plates 1′′′ and 1′′′′ fused (strain GeoM*788); f plates 1a and 3′ fused (strain GeoM*788). g–m Historic infraspecific taxa; g P. guestrowiense forma lineatum (strain GeoM*866); h P. guestrowiense forma compressum (strain GeoM*866); i P. guestrowiense subvar. originale (strain GeoK*024); k P. volzii var. cinctiforme (strain GeoM*793); l P. volzii var. simplex (strain GeoM*789); m P. volzii forma complexum (strain GeoM*793). Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, split or fused plates are indicated by asterisks. Scale bar=10 µm. U A=15 kV" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12800743/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
|
||
) once only. Anyhow, also the newly discovered variability occurs in individual cells associated with all three ribotypes present in this study and does not make the recognition of corresponding taxa at an infraspecific rank seem justified either.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |