833 lines
57 KiB
XML
833 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843865" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8aad5ce-26a3-465d-98bb-71472fc1f737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164282023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3843865" checkinTime="1590418900237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Belkin, John N. & Schlosser, Ralph J." docDate="1944" docId="4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53" docLanguage="en" docName="m613mz127.pdf" docOrigin="Journal Of The Washington Academy Of Sciences 34" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Anopheles (Myzomyia) lungae Belkin & Schlosser 1944, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="B61A8566FFB38001FF9B6F177D365F05" masterDocTitle="A new species of Anopheles from the Solomon Islands." masterLastPageNumber="273" masterPageNumber="268" pageId="1" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1643596313833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>A new species of Anopheles from the Solomon Islands.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Belkin, John N.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Schlosser, Ralph J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Journal Of The Washington Academy Of Sciences</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>1944</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>1944-08-08</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>34</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>268</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>273</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843471</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c8aad5ce-26a3-465d-98bb-71472fc1f737</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3843471</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164282023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3843865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
<subSubSection box="[136,559,310,333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[102,637,310,1841]" box="[136,559,310,333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Belkin & Schlosser, 1944" authorityName="Belkin & Schlosser" authorityYear="1944" box="[136,487,311,333]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lungae" status="n. sp." subGenus="Myzomyia">
|
|
Anopheles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[260,492,311,333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(Myzomyia) lungae,</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[499,559,310,332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis box="[499,515,310,332]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">n</emphasis>
|
|
. sp.
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="1" pageNumber="269" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[102,637,310,1841]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
Adult female.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[281,303,354,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-A</emphasis>
|
|
medium-sized yellowish, speckled anopheline
|
|
<emphasis box="[348,391,385,405]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
the apical
|
|
<emphasis box="[542,590,384,404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">third</emphasis>
|
|
of the labium yellow.
|
|
<emphasis box="[324,395,416,436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">Length</emphasis>
|
|
of wing 4 mm. HEAD
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,218,446,466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 2
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[293,306,446,466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">):</emphasis>
|
|
Conspicuous
|
|
<emphasis box="[481,536,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">white</emphasis>
|
|
frontal tuft; vertical setae white, followed by one or
|
|
<emphasis box="[103,140,507,527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">two</emphasis>
|
|
rows of
|
|
<emphasis box="[239,294,507,527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">white</emphasis>
|
|
narrow hair-like scales;
|
|
<emphasis box="[573,628,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">white</emphasis>
|
|
scales on top of vertex
|
|
<emphasis box="[393,472,538,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">forming</emphasis>
|
|
a wide spot
|
|
<emphasis box="[103,200,568,588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">narrowed</emphasis>
|
|
in the center; the rest of vertical scales and the occipital scales dark. Antenna
|
|
<emphasis box="[104,147,629,649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
a few minute white scales on torus and dense white scaling on the first flagellar segment. Palpi ornamented as shown in Fig. 2; ornamentation very constant, the light scales yellowish on the last
|
|
<emphasis box="[342,430,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">segment</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[493,548,750,770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">white</emphasis>
|
|
on the rest. Labium densely covered with yellow scales on apical
|
|
<emphasis box="[284,334,812,832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">third</emphasis>
|
|
, yellow coloration broken by narrow dark ring just
|
|
<emphasis box="[420,517,843,863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">proximad</emphasis>
|
|
of apex. Labella dull yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[102,637,310,1841]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
THORAX
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,244,903,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 3
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[317,330,903,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">):</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[348,407,903,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">White</emphasis>
|
|
scales on anterior promontory
|
|
<emphasis box="[252,313,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">rather</emphasis>
|
|
short and scarce, central scales elongate, lateral broader. A few dark scales below. Rest of mesonotum devoid of scales,
|
|
<emphasis box="[183,250,1026,1046]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">except</emphasis>
|
|
for very narrow whitish scales in front of wing root; vestiture consisting of numerous golden hairs of
|
|
<emphasis box="[449,526,1087,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">varying</emphasis>
|
|
length. Mesonotal integument light brown
|
|
<emphasis box="[522,565,1117,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
gray pollinose longitudinal lines; dark brown
|
|
<emphasis box="[597,632,1147,1167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">eye</emphasis>
|
|
spots in front of and
|
|
<emphasis box="[349,419,1178,1198]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">behind</emphasis>
|
|
scutal angle;
|
|
<emphasis box="[589,629,1177,1197]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">prescutellar</emphasis>
|
|
space dark brown. Mesonotal bristles light in color. Pleura darker
|
|
<emphasis box="[418,461,1239,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
a broad blackish longitudinal line dorsally. Spiracular bristles absent, propleurals 6, lower sternopleurals 3, upper sternopleural 6
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[347,354,1331,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-</emphasis>
|
|
8, prealars 4
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[499,506,1330,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-</emphasis>
|
|
6, subalars 5
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[117,124,1361,1381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-</emphasis>
|
|
6, lower mesepimerals absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[102,637,310,1841]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
<emphasis box="[130,190,1391,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">WING</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,213,1391,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,298,1391,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">):</emphasis>
|
|
As in figure; pale areas light yellow, dark spots often more conspicuous
|
|
<emphasis box="[582,628,1420,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">than</emphasis>
|
|
shown in figure, scales rather broad. Median dark spot includes base of vein 2; a dark spot on costa between basal and median dark spots; subcosta and vein 1 without dark spots in this area; small black spots, shown in
|
|
<emphasis box="[518,580,1572,1592]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">figure</emphasis>
|
|
, between median and preapical black spots sometimes absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[102,637,310,1841]" lastBlockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
LEGS
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,206,1665,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 4
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[274,297,1663,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">):</emphasis>
|
|
Front femora swollen in basal half, speckled; middle and hind femora and all
|
|
<emphasis box="[106,162,1726,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">tibiae</emphasis>
|
|
with
|
|
<emphasis box="[251,312,1726,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">rather</emphasis>
|
|
evenly spaced pale spots externally. First segment of front tarsus with several light spots and light apex; second,
|
|
<emphasis box="[582,630,1786,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">third</emphasis>
|
|
and fourth segments with basal and apical light bands; fifth
|
|
<emphasis box="[815,903,202,222]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">segment</emphasis>
|
|
dark basally, remainder light. First segment of middle tarsus similar to corresponding segment of front tarsus; second, third and fourth segments
|
|
<emphasis box="[1007,1050,293,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
basal light bands only; fifth
|
|
<emphasis box="[875,963,324,344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">segment</emphasis>
|
|
all dark. First segment of hind tarsus
|
|
<emphasis box="[903,946,354,374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
numerous light spots and light apex, second segment
|
|
<emphasis box="[1080,1123,384,404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
light apical band and usually one to three light spots in the center;
|
|
<emphasis box="[912,960,446,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">third</emphasis>
|
|
segment
|
|
<emphasis box="[1086,1129,446,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
light apical band and occasionally a few light scales in center; fourth
|
|
<emphasis box="[889,1041,507,527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">segment with</emphasis>
|
|
light apical band; fifth segment all dark. Light scales on legs yellowish.
|
|
<emphasis box="[850,899,569,589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">Dark</emphasis>
|
|
scales on middle tarsus much lighter than on other tarsi.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
<emphasis box="[694,810,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">ABDOMEN</emphasis>
|
|
: Devoid of scales on tergites and sternites; instead, a vestiture of narrow golden hairs similar to those found on mesonotum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
Hairs more numerous on posterior segments. Cerci
|
|
<emphasis box="[737,858,752,772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with rather</emphasis>
|
|
narrow yellow scales.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" box="[694,1192,781,802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
Adult male.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,855,782,802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-In</emphasis>
|
|
the main as the female.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
First flagellar segment
|
|
<emphasis box="[933,976,812,832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
a tuft of long narrow
|
|
<emphasis box="[722,777,843,863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">white</emphasis>
|
|
scales resembling frontal tuft. Palpal ornamentation essentially as in female; segment
|
|
<emphasis box="[772,815,904,924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
2 yellow scales dorsally in
|
|
<emphasis box="[1148,1193,903,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">middle</emphasis>
|
|
; third segment
|
|
<emphasis box="[910,953,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
narrow apical yellow ring and a few yellow scales dorsally in middle; fourth and fifth segments yellow
|
|
<emphasis box="[1150,1193,995,1015]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
narrow basal dark rings. Labium all dark except for a few yellow scales at apex, labella dull yellow. Abdomen as in female
|
|
<emphasis box="[1036,1103,1087,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">except</emphasis>
|
|
for numerous yellow scales on
|
|
<emphasis box="[962,1026,1117,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">eighth</emphasis>
|
|
tergite. Side pieces densely covered
|
|
<emphasis box="[925,968,1147,1167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
yellow scales; black scales present laterally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
MALE
|
|
<emphasis box="[779,897,1209,1229]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">GENITALIA</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[919,926,1208,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
<figureCitation box="[926,1009,1208,1228]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,203,1753,1771]" captionTargetBox="[212,1205,452,1741]" captionText="Fig. l.-Wing of female. Fig. 2.-Mouthparts of female. Fig. 3.-Mesonotum of female. Fig. Hind tarsus of female. Fig. 5.-Male genitalia. Fig. 6.-Claspettes. Fig. 7.-Phallosome" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3843473/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1009,1058,1207,1229]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-7):</emphasis>
|
|
Side pieces broad. Parabasal spines 5, spine 4 separated from l-
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[753,770,1270,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">3.</emphasis>
|
|
Claspettes
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[933,940,1269,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 6
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1014,1021,1269,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">)</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[1040,1083,1269,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
elongate club composed of four fused spines; apical hair almost
|
|
<emphasis box="[758,811,1331,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">twice</emphasis>
|
|
length of club; inner accessory hair as long as club; two small hairs arising near base of apical hair. Phallosome
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1111,1118,1390,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 7
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1190,1197,1390,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">)</emphasis>
|
|
elongate with parallel sides; leaflets 7
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1099,1106,1421,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-</emphasis>
|
|
8, quite broad, the longest about one-fourth length of phallosome, serrations absent
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1009,1043,1481,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(?).</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="1.[667,1201,201,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">
|
|
<emphasis box="[697,758,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">Larva</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,771,1512,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">-</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[771,835,1512,1532]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">HEAD</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[866,873,1511,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 8
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[938,959,1510,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">):</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[964,1017,1511,1531]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">Inner</emphasis>
|
|
clypeals widely spaced, quite heavy, but short; outer clypeals extremely short; posterior clypeals similar to outer clypeals. Frontal hairs
|
|
<emphasis box="[1024,1067,1603,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
branching as shown in figure. Occipitals and orbitals short, bifurcate. Antenna
|
|
<emphasis box="[967,1010,1664,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">with</emphasis>
|
|
fairly conspicuous spines on inner surface; antenna1 hair
|
|
<emphasis box="[1165,1197,1694,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">minute</emphasis>
|
|
arising one
|
|
<emphasis box="[861,909,1725,1745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="269">third</emphasis>
|
|
from base; terminal hair with about five branches arising from base, slightly longer than sabers; basal hair normal; subbasal short, three branched.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="2.[166,699,197,409]" lastBlockId="3.[104,641,203,1814]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">
|
|
<emphasis box="[194,286,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">THORAX</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[303,310,197,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">(</emphasis>
|
|
<figureCitation box="[309,384,197,217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[234,269,1758,1778]" captionTargetBox="[221,1222,595,1738]" captionText="Fig. 8.-Head. Fig. 9.-Thorax and abdomen. Fig. 10.-Pecten. Fig. Il.-Leaflet of palmate hair." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3843475/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">
|
|
<emphasis box="[309,344,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">Fig</emphasis>
|
|
. 9
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[384,397,197,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">):</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[416,536,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">Prothoracic</emphasis>
|
|
hair
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[621,633,197,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">1</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[647,690,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">with</emphasis>
|
|
heavy basal tubercle, heavy shaft and radiation branching, approximately half as long
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[675,699,258,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">as</emphasis>
|
|
hair 2; hair 2 not quite so
|
|
<emphasis box="[474,519,289,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">long</emphasis>
|
|
as hair 4,
|
|
<emphasis box="[647,690,289,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">with</emphasis>
|
|
heavy basal tubercle, heavy shaft, and five to six branches on
|
|
<emphasis box="[350,399,350,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">each</emphasis>
|
|
side; hair 3 small, simple; hair 5
|
|
<emphasis box="[254,297,381,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">with</emphasis>
|
|
very thick shaft, minute lateral branches except near
|
|
<emphasis box="[980,1029,198,218]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">apex</emphasis>
|
|
where branches are long; hair 6 simple, longer
|
|
<emphasis box="[1039,1085,228,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">than</emphasis>
|
|
5.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1130,1250,228,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">Prothoracic</emphasis>
|
|
pleural hairs 9 and 10
|
|
<emphasis box="[986,1031,258,278]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">long</emphasis>
|
|
and simple; hair 11
|
|
<emphasis box="[731,776,290,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">long</emphasis>
|
|
with three to five branches; hair 12 simple or bifid, about
|
|
<emphasis box="[910,1002,320,340]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">one-third</emphasis>
|
|
length of long hairs.
|
|
<emphasis box="[733,871,350,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">Mesothoracic</emphasis>
|
|
pleural hairs 9 and 10 long and simple; hair
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,927,381,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">-11</emphasis>
|
|
short,
|
|
<emphasis box="[1029,1136,381,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">with two</emphasis>
|
|
or three branches, hair 12 minute. Hair 1 on mesothorax with thickened shaft. Hair 1 on metathorax
|
|
<emphasis box="[105,184,270,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">forming</emphasis>
|
|
a palmate hair
|
|
<emphasis box="[387,430,270,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
approximately 8 leaflets, leaflets not pigmented.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3843473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3843473/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="270" startId="2.[174,203,1753,1771]" subCaptionStartIDs="2.[460,489,1752,1770] 2.[818,847,1753,1771] 2.[1174,1203,1753,1771] 2.[482,511,1774,1792] 2.[766,795,1774,1792] 2.[1004,1033,1774,1792]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 2 & Fig. 3 & Fig. H & Fig. 5 & Fig. 6 & Fig. 7" targetBox="[212,1205,452,1741]" targetPageId="2">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="2.[174,1208,1752,1793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="270">Fig. l.-Wing of female. Fig. 2.-Mouthparts of female. Fig. 3.-Mesonotum of female. Fig. Hind tarsus of female. Fig. 5.-Male genitalia. Fig. 6.-Claspettes. Fig. 7.-Phallosome</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[104,641,203,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis box="[131,252,330,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">ABDOMEN</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[252,259,330,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
<figureCitation box="[259,328,330,350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[234,269,1758,1778]" captionTargetBox="[221,1222,595,1738]" captionText="Fig. 8.-Head. Fig. 9.-Thorax and abdomen. Fig. 10.-Pecten. Fig. Il.-Leaflet of palmate hair." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3843475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[328,341,330,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">):</emphasis>
|
|
Palmate hairs
|
|
<emphasis box="[522,566,330,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">very</emphasis>
|
|
large and heavily pigmented on segments
|
|
<emphasis box="[540,594,361,381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">III-VII</emphasis>
|
|
, somewhat smaller on VII; poorly developed on I; fairly well developed
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[397,404,422,442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
12 or more leaflets
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[622,628,422,442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">)</emphasis>
|
|
but lightly pigmented on II. Leaflets
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[539,546,452,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[545,580,452,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Fig</emphasis>
|
|
. 11
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[627,634,452,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">)</emphasis>
|
|
numbering 16 to 26 on segment III and IV, well-pigmented; filaments short, indentations not numerous. Lateral hair on segment III
|
|
<emphasis box="[105,148,575,595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
approximately six branches on each side, arising well away from base; lateral hairs on segments IV and V usually double; lateral hairs on
|
|
<emphasis box="[204,285,666,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">VI with</emphasis>
|
|
five to six branches. Anterior
|
|
<emphasis box="[104,163,696,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">tergal</emphasis>
|
|
plates
|
|
<emphasis box="[274,335,696,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">rather</emphasis>
|
|
small; posterior tergal plates very small, present on segment IV-VII.
|
|
<emphasis box="[106,181,758,778]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">bIedian</emphasis>
|
|
plate of scoop well developed. Pecten
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[107,114,788,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
Fig. 10
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,204,788,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">)</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[218,261,788,808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
3
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[293,300,788,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-</emphasis>
|
|
4 long and 6
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,474,788,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-8</emphasis>
|
|
short spines, the serrations at their bases very fine and inconspicuous; the pecten hair
|
|
<emphasis box="[522,565,850,870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
4
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[611,629,850,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-5</emphasis>
|
|
branches. Caudal hooks 6
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[407,432,880,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-8.</emphasis>
|
|
Anal gills much longer
|
|
<emphasis box="[182,228,911,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">than</emphasis>
|
|
anal segment.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[104,641,203,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis box="[134,195,942,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Types</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[200,206,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-</emphasis>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625408302" collectedFrom="collected resting on tree trunks" collectingDate="1944-01-28" collectorName="Belkin" country="Solomon Islands" location="Tassafaronga Swamp, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="42" specimenCount-female="21" specimenCount-male="21" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|
<typeStatus box="[206,301,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount box="[353,370,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<typeStatus box="[386,467,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">allotype</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount box="[490,503,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<typeStatus box="[525,627,942,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
<date box="[106,153,972,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1920-08-09">
|
|
<specimenCount box="[106,153,972,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="female">20 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount box="[180,224,972,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="male">20 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectedFrom box="[249,624,972,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">collected resting on tree trunks</collectedFrom>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53:C7551AD3FFB08002FFF26CFD7F585CFB" box="[105,622,1002,1022]" name="Tassafaronga Swamp, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis box="[105,246,1002,1022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Tassafaronga</emphasis>
|
|
Swamp, Guadalcanal Island
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<date box="[105,301,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1944-01-28">
|
|
<collectingDate box="[105,301,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1944-01-28">January 28, 1944</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,318,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
<collectorName box="[318,385,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Belkin</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[386,415,1031,1053]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">);</emphasis>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625408303" collectedFrom="reared from larvae" collectingDate="1943-11-11" collectorName="Belkin" country="Solomon Islands" location="Wrights Creek, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
|
<typeStatus box="[422,524,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount box="[543,577,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount box="[598,629,1032,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectedFrom box="[105,308,1063,1083]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">reared from larvae</collectedFrom>
|
|
collected in
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53:C7551AD3FFB08002FE516B307C745B5F" name="Wrights Creek, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis box="[458,533,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Wrights</emphasis>
|
|
Creek, Guadalcanal Island
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<date box="[347,570,1094,1114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1943-11-11">
|
|
<collectingDate box="[347,570,1094,1114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1943-11-11">November 11, 1943</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[583,589,1094,1114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Belkin</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[139,163,1124,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">);</emphasis>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625408301" collectedFrom="collected on tree trunks" collectingDate="1944-03-10" collectorName="Belkin" country="Solomon Islands" location="Burns Creek, Lunga, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="25" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="15" typeStatus="paratype">
|
|
<typeStatus box="[175,277,1125,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount box="[302,351,1122,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="female">10 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount box="[375,418,1125,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="male">15 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|
<collectedFrom pageId="3" pageNumber="271">collected on tree trunks</collectedFrom>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A23FD1EFFB28004FF136E2079AE5C53:C7551AD3FFB08002FF5D6B937DA15BB3" name="Burns Creek, Lunga, Guadalcanal Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
Burns Creek, Lunga, Guadalcanal
|
|
<emphasis box="[608,632,1156,1176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Island</emphasis>
|
|
</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<date box="[174,355,1186,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1944-03-10">
|
|
<collectingDate box="[174,355,1186,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" value="1944-03-10">
|
|
<emphasis box="[174,238,1186,1206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">March</emphasis>
|
|
10, 1944
|
|
</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[368,374,1186,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">(</emphasis>
|
|
<collectorName box="[374,443,1186,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Belkin</collectorName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[443,454,1186,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">).</emphasis>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Holotype and allotype to be deposited in U. S. National Museum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[104,641,203,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,267,1276,1296]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Identification</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[271,322,1276,1296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-This</emphasis>
|
|
species can be separated easily from the forms of
|
|
<emphasis box="[447,465,1307,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<emphasis box="[510,641,1307,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">punctuZafus</emphasis>
|
|
in both the male and female
|
|
<emphasis box="[440,465,1338,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">by</emphasis>
|
|
the very large median dark spot on the wing, the yellowish scales on the wings and palpi, the absence of
|
|
<emphasis box="[106,161,1428,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">white</emphasis>
|
|
scales on most of the mesonotum and the presence in their place of yellow hairs. The larvae are easily distinguished by the
|
|
<emphasis box="[586,630,1490,1510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">very</emphasis>
|
|
short outer clypeals, simple inner clypeals, the very characteristic prothoracic hairs 1 and 2, the palmate hairs, and the pecten. On pleural hairs this species does not quite agree
|
|
<emphasis box="[586,629,1611,1631]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
other members of the group
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sack" authorityYear="1932" box="[481,585,1642,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Myxomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[481,585,1642,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Myxomyia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to which it apparently belongs. The combination of characters exhibited by this species is not found in any previously described form. Seventy individual rearings of larvae established the
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,227,1794,1814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">identity</emphasis>
|
|
of this form.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[669,1201,203,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
Distribution.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,837,208,228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Eungae" authorityName="Eungae" box="[837,1065,208,228]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[837,946,208,228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
|
Eungae
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is generally distributed along the northwest coast of Guadalcanal Island.
|
|
<emphasis box="[855,868,270,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">It</emphasis>
|
|
may be present also on some of the other Solomon Islands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[669,1201,203,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
Biology.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[781,827,330,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">-The</emphasis>
|
|
larvae of this species are normally found in the jungle in seepage areas, along the margins of streams, pot holes in stream beds, rock holes, dense jungle swamps, and temporary pools. The species has a decided preference for shade in its breeding places.
|
|
<emphasis box="[671,741,514,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">During</emphasis>
|
|
the rainy season the larvae are flushed out into the coconut groves on the coastal strip where the species then breeds. The diurnal adult resting places were first discovered by Capt.
|
|
<emphasis box="[748,763,636,656]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">F</emphasis>
|
|
. B. Whittington. Adults are usually found resting in partial shade on tree trunks in the jungle. Males, unfed, blooded, and gravid females are all found together. Other resting places have been found under logs, inside crates, boxes, oil drums, foxholes, and nail kegs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[669,1201,203,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
As this species becomes very abundant early in the rainy season on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, preliminary investigations
|
|
<emphasis box="[1148,1197,911,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">were</emphasis>
|
|
conducted on its feeding habits and its relation to disease transmission in this area. On several occasions areas
|
|
<emphasis box="[845,888,1002,1022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">with</emphasis>
|
|
a high adult density of this species
|
|
<emphasis box="[755,804,1032,1052]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">were</emphasis>
|
|
visited at night and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1045,1103,1032,1052]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">biting</emphasis>
|
|
records made. Males and females
|
|
<emphasis box="[973,1022,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">were</emphasis>
|
|
observed leaving their
|
|
<emphasis box="[778,859,1094,1114]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">daytime</emphasis>
|
|
resting places between 6:30 and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[723,746,1124,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">7:</emphasis>
|
|
00 P.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[802,838,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[802,824,1124,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">M</emphasis>
|
|
.;
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
after
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[908,927,1124,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">7:</emphasis>
|
|
30 none could be found resting. Although the
|
|
<emphasis box="[960,1018,1155,1175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">biting</emphasis>
|
|
records were made among the trees where the anophilines were resting, less than two percent of the total anopheline catch was
|
|
<emphasis box="[991,1009,1246,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|
. Zungae. In routine night catches for anophelines in the Lunga district of Guadalcanal the percentage of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1175,1193,1307,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|
. Zungne of the total anophelines collected is a little less than two. Blooded females collected in the jungle near troop areas were dissected. Seventy percent of these showed nucleated red blood cells; the blood found in the remain- der was of mammalian origin. Precipitin tests are being made on a small number of blooded females of these species collected by Capt. F. B. Whittington.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="3" pageNumber="271" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[669,1201,203,1813]" lastBlockId="4.[168,698,202,350]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">
|
|
<emphasis box="[697,710,1610,1630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">It</emphasis>
|
|
appears from these sketchy observations
|
|
<emphasis box="[670,710,1641,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">that</emphasis>
|
|
in the area in question
|
|
<emphasis box="[1013,1031,1641,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1052,1130,1641,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">Zungae</emphasis>
|
|
is not strongly androphilic and probably is not of primary importance in disease transmission. Nevertheless,
|
|
<emphasis box="[829,896,1732,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="271">during</emphasis>
|
|
the rainy season when this species is flushed out by the rains and extends its breeding range into the coastal coconut groves it may become a problem locally. The normal blood supply is believed to be birds and possibly bats.
|
|
<emphasis box="[356,403,269,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">With</emphasis>
|
|
the great disturbance caused by an influx of humans
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[558,570,299,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">a</emphasis>
|
|
change in blood
|
|
<emphasis box="[238,313,330,350]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">feeding</emphasis>
|
|
habits may take place.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" type="key">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[167,699,384,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<emphasis box="[199,296,389,402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">PROVISIONAL</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[358,661,389,402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">KEYS TO ANOPHELINES OF</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[311,533,420,433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">GUADALCANAL ISLAND</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[167,699,384,537]" lastBlockId="4.[732,1263,201,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
The following provisional keys are included as it is hoped
|
|
<emphasis box="[337,440,486,506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">that they</emphasis>
|
|
may be of assistance in other parts of the South Pacific Area. Large series of individual rearings
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[1096,1202,208,228]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" reason="2">connected</heading>
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[1229,1261,208,228]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" reason="2">the</heading>
|
|
larvae
|
|
<emphasis box="[811,854,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">with</emphasis>
|
|
the adults.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[733,1264,279,537]" box="[958,1036,284,302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[958,1036,284,302]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" reason="6">
|
|
<emphasis box="[958,1036,284,302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Females</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<key lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<keyStep pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[733,1264,279,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
1. Palpi
|
|
<emphasis box="[830,934,321,339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">very short</emphasis>
|
|
, wing scales all
|
|
<emphasis box="[1119,1159,321,339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">dark</emphasis>
|
|
.........
|
|
<emphasis box="[1073,1163,344,362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Bironella</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1163,1168,344,362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">(</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soesilo" authorityYear="1932" box="[1179,1242,344,362]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walchi">walchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1242,1257,344,362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">?)</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[733,1264,279,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
Pa
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[789,802,370,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">&</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[803,808,370,388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">i</emphasis>
|
|
as long as iabiuh;,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1037,1050,370,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">&</emphasis>
|
|
ing scales light and
|
|
<emphasis box="[789,832,395,413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">dark</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,1007,395,413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">.................................</emphasis>
|
|
2
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[733,1264,279,537]" lastBlockId="5.[96,627,202,470]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<keyLead lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
2. Mesonotum with a
|
|
<emphasis box="[982,1063,420,438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">vestiture</emphasis>
|
|
of golden yellow
|
|
<emphasis box="[789,835,444,462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">hairs</emphasis>
|
|
only, except for white and black scales on
|
|
<emphasis box="[826,898,469,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">anterior</emphasis>
|
|
promontory; median
|
|
<emphasis box="[1156,1197,469,487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">dark</emphasis>
|
|
wing spot including subcosta,
|
|
<emphasis box="[1059,1098,494,512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">vein</emphasis>
|
|
1, and base of vein
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[843,860,519,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">2;</emphasis>
|
|
apical third of proboscis
|
|
<emphasis box="[1141,1180,519,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">with</emphasis>
|
|
yellow scales, interrupted by narrow
|
|
<emphasis box="[519,560,202,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">dark</emphasis>
|
|
ring near apex......,..............
|
|
<emphasis box="[523,538,227,245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belkin & Schlosser" authorityYear="1944" box="[562,625,227,245]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lungae">lungae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3843475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3843475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3843475/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" startId="4.[234,269,1758,1778]" subCaptionStartIDs="4.[420,449,1758,1776] 4.[783,812,1758,1776] 4.[996,1025,1758,1776]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 9 & Fig. l & Fig. Il" targetBox="[221,1222,595,1738]" targetPageId="4">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[234,1207,1758,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[234,363,1758,1778]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" reason="2">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<emphasis box="[286,298,1760,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">8</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[304,310,1760,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">-</emphasis>
|
|
Head.
|
|
</heading>
|
|
Fig. 9.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[488,494,1758,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">-</emphasis>
|
|
Thorax and
|
|
<emphasis box="[653,739,1758,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
. Fig. 10.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,868,1758,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">-</emphasis>
|
|
Pecten.
|
|
<emphasis box="[996,1025,1758,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Fig</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1049,1060,1758,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">11</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1072,1758,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">-</emphasis>
|
|
Leaflet of palmate hair.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[96,627,202,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis box="[131,239,252,270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Mesonotum</emphasis>
|
|
with a
|
|
<emphasis box="[356,435,252,270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">vestiture</emphasis>
|
|
of white scales throughout; median
|
|
<emphasis box="[396,506,276,294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">dark wing</emphasis>
|
|
spot not extendingtoveinsland
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[353,363,301,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">2</emphasis>
|
|
............... 3
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[96,627,202,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
3.
|
|
<emphasis box="[129,198,326,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Labium</emphasis>
|
|
all
|
|
<emphasis box="[254,295,326,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">dark</emphasis>
|
|
except for a few white or
|
|
<emphasis box="[588,621,326,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">yellowish</emphasis>
|
|
scales at
|
|
<emphasis box="[320,394,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">extreme</emphasis>
|
|
apex...
|
|
<emphasis box="[499,514,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laveran" authorityYear="1902" box="[554,613,350,368]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farauti">
|
|
<emphasis box="[554,613,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">farauti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[96,627,202,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Labium
|
|
<emphasis box="[224,262,376,394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">with</emphasis>
|
|
a
|
|
<emphasis box="[307,386,376,394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">vestiture</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<emphasis box="[446,495,376,394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">white</emphasis>
|
|
or creamy scales on apical third, interrupted by a narrow
|
|
<emphasis box="[200,236,426,444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">ring</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<emphasis box="[280,321,426,444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">dark</emphasis>
|
|
scales just before apex...........................
|
|
<emphasis box="[444,459,450,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[478,491,450,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">p</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1901" box="[507,616,450,468]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">punctulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</key>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[94,625,511,738]" box="[330,384,511,529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[330,384,511,529]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis box="[330,384,511,529]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Males</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[94,625,511,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis box="[120,155,546,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">The</emphasis>
|
|
males of the three forms of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[490,589,546,564]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anopheles</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<emphasis box="[95,129,572,590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">this</emphasis>
|
|
area have
|
|
<emphasis box="[269,298,572,590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">the</emphasis>
|
|
labium all
|
|
<emphasis box="[443,542,572,590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">dark with</emphasis>
|
|
a few light scales on apex;
|
|
<emphasis box="[330,359,596,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">the</emphasis>
|
|
labella are dull yellow. The males of
|
|
<emphasis box="[251,266,620,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. Zungae can be distinguished on mesonotal
|
|
<emphasis box="[212,291,646,664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">vestiture</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[365,409,646,664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">wing</emphasis>
|
|
spotting which are similar to the female.
|
|
<emphasis box="[334,369,670,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">The</emphasis>
|
|
males of
|
|
<emphasis box="[484,499,670,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<emphasis box="[547,617,670,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">punctu-</emphasis>
|
|
Zatus and
|
|
<emphasis box="[202,217,695,713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[237,250,695,713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">p</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laveran" authorityYear="1902" box="[263,322,695,713]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farauti">farauti</taxonomicName>
|
|
have not as
|
|
<emphasis box="[482,510,695,713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">yet</emphasis>
|
|
been
|
|
<emphasis box="[94,287,720,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">successfully separated</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[95,623,774,854]" box="[325,387,774,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[325,387,774,792]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis box="[325,387,774,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Larvae</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<key pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyStep pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[95,623,774,854]" box="[95,623,808,829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">1. Inner clypeals close together.Bironella (walchi?)</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[95,623,774,854]" box="[126,622,836,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead box="[126,622,836,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis box="[126,173,836,854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Inner</emphasis>
|
|
clypeals widely separated............2
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[659,1195,202,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[663,679,202,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">2.</emphasis>
|
|
Outer clypeals extremely short, usually less than one quarter the length of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1072,1119,226,244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">inner</emphasis>
|
|
clypeals;
|
|
<emphasis box="[783,845,251,269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">pecten</emphasis>
|
|
with
|
|
<emphasis box="[938,1065,251,269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">two distinct</emphasis>
|
|
series of spines, spines lo-12 in number; palmate hair on II not pigmented.........
|
|
<emphasis box="[1094,1109,300,318]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. lungae
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[659,1195,202,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Outer clypeals at least half as long as
|
|
<emphasis box="[1138,1185,325,343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">inner</emphasis>
|
|
clypeals;
|
|
<emphasis box="[820,882,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">pecten</emphasis>
|
|
with 14
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,985,350,368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">-</emphasis>
|
|
17 subequal spines ..................................... 3
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[659,1195,202,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
3. Clypeal hairs slender, without
|
|
<emphasis box="[1036,1124,400,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">branches</emphasis>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">prothoracic hairs</emphasis>
|
|
1 and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[955,966,425,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">2</emphasis>
|
|
with
|
|
<emphasis box="[1040,1186,425,443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">rather slender</emphasis>
|
|
shafts, hair 5 with long lateral
|
|
<emphasis box="[1090,1178,450,468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">branches</emphasis>
|
|
; palmate hair on
|
|
<emphasis box="[907,918,475,493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">II</emphasis>
|
|
less developed than on III; Iateral
|
|
<emphasis box="[851,897,500,518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">hairs</emphasis>
|
|
on
|
|
<emphasis box="[954,972,500,518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">IV</emphasis>
|
|
and V with three to four branches.........
|
|
<emphasis box="[1007,1022,525,543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1901" box="[1072,1181,525,543]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">punctulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[659,1195,202,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Clypeal hairs thickened, with a few fine lateral branches;
|
|
<emphasis box="[834,940,575,593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">prothoracic</emphasis>
|
|
hairs 1 and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1116,1127,575,593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">2</emphasis>
|
|
with thickened shafts, hair 5
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">with very short lateral</emphasis>
|
|
branches; palmate hair on
|
|
<emphasis box="[1121,1132,624,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">II</emphasis>
|
|
developed as strongly as on
|
|
<emphasis box="[1010,1030,649,667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">III</emphasis>
|
|
; lateral
|
|
<emphasis box="[1140,1186,649,667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">hairs</emphasis>
|
|
on IV and V simple or double.
|
|
<emphasis box="[1060,1075,674,692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laveran" authorityYear="1902" box="[1118,1177,674,692]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farauti">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1118,1177,674,692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">farauti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</key>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[659,1195,202,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis box="[685,768,710,728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[773,813,710,728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">-The</emphasis>
|
|
larvae of
|
|
<emphasis box="[954,969,710,728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[987,1000,710,728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">p</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1901" box="[1013,1122,710,728]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">punctulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Guadacanal
|
|
<emphasis box="[806,858,735,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">agree</emphasis>
|
|
in
|
|
<emphasis box="[903,1064,732,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">every respect</emphasis>
|
|
with
|
|
<emphasis box="[1156,1185,735,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">the</emphasis>
|
|
chaetotaxy represented for this form in Ross and
|
|
<emphasis box="[660,932,784,804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Roberts Mosquito Atlas</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis box="[936,1017,786,804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">” Part</emphasis>
|
|
2, p. 12, 1943. Adults of
|
|
<emphasis box="[771,786,810,828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
|
|
. p.
|
|
<emphasis box="[835,939,810,828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">punctdatus</emphasis>
|
|
have never been collected attempting to bite humans on
|
|
<emphasis box="[1072,1106,836,854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">this</emphasis>
|
|
island
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |