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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Heteropsammia eupsammides" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CC15EB030C9FE8BBD99AB37E5E791228">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8144B32D433D451AEF21A35E973774C">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D3A86134983B842039869AE5DA40ED9">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="799B854577903E7DFF6467FD4E3564F8">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F177B94867E324BD9A38E460CF51FE4">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7AFC4358D2987FDF504E309737C99FCF">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82DD2195D04F49FAE01102E1EC72ACFD">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D3793A429F29311FCA80F75D1A6438F8">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A92D034B2221FBF09DAA1AF8BB465CBD">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E93706D76EBE975C704AFB195E40A24">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CFCC65C22EA2300CD78984BB2486E888">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C8BF9A80071196926B81FA0F47B2EC78">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="92B922FC8ED97875B51874668D4DF497">2021-10-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6CD3E961782B1B44795AA45CBB1658D6">1066</mods:number>
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<treatment id="442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Dendrophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
<subSubSection id="840691D65C501D202A5F7DB268F9F1BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="665AD6CF946AF1FBB8892BAF5F06A53D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="22C4063727E03C153CD7F06E19E5C933" ID-CoL="3LCNZ" authority="(Gray, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">Heteropsammia eupsammides (Gray, 1849)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DE474893526DF7557BBF95567B3CD23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="67CC30493FAD0D9F9B24A144A7BA2DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="60041194DABD9BA6972D02874DFFD197" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B Heteropsammia cochlea (ORI _ EIe 1, locality data unknown) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Heteropsammia eupsammides (ZMK, locality data unknown) C calicular view D calicular view E-H Pourtalopsammia togata E, F (SAM _ H 2829, off East London, 146 - 238 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H (SAM _ H 2831, off Cintsa, 159 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Rhizopsammia annae (SAM _ H 1497, off the Agulhas, depth unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Rhizopsammia compacta (SAMC _ A 073041, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 69 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Rhizopsammia verrilli (SAM _ H 1502, off Richards Bay, 165 m) M calicular view N lateral view O Tubastraea coccinea (ORI _ EIb 4, Isipingo; depth unknown) P Tubastraea sp. cf. Tubastraea diaphana (SAM _ H 5103, Cape Vidal, 59 m): Calicular view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604113" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 10C, D.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2094E17381F13533644F75AC653826EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3C97A306CD79C62FEE2B276A039F27D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="92024A2B80E1C466C5F40E681BD10597" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heterocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocyathus eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">Heterocyathus eupsammides</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1849: 77, pl. 2, figs 5-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A98C56AA0DD085FD4D85B71A433F2BE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="069ADEA8512670EE78846D31B7BE9021" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia geminata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geminata">Heteropsammia geminata</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1870: 370-371, fig. 1. -van der
<bibRefCitation id="3C1AFEA8C5191BD10F55E17C7272FD0A" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B131" refString="Horst, van der C, 1922. The Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. Part III: Eupsammidae. Siboga-Expeditie 16c: 45-75." title="The Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. Part III: Eupsammidae. Siboga-Expeditie 16 c: 45 - 75." year="1922">Horst 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 67
<bibRefCitation id="D96BA5562B6B4F8A609A5C693D55161A" author="Faustino, L" journalOrPublisher="Monographs, Philippine Bureau of Science 22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B92" refString="Faustino, L, 1927. Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands. Monographs, Philippine Bureau of Science 22" title="Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands." year="1927">. -Faustino 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 239-240, pl. 76, figs 11-13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D94CE9339B0FE6C9F6AC1EFF841F8649" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D16B5604B11911A989A4E92C104B29FF" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia multilobata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multilobata">Heteropsammia multilobata</taxonomicName>
Moseley, 1881: 196-197, pl. 12, figs 1-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E52A76A912F32496350CFAF41F94F4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BC84B671799561BBF159A886BB449DC2" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia michelini" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michelini">Heteropsammia michelini</taxonomicName>
. -van der
<bibRefCitation id="FB068596BEF2C3445AF5AC2BA3729208" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 51, pl. 3, figs 14-20
<bibRefCitation id="E30013EB71A71213391EB3D2F6842CF7" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">. -Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 241.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F66466E2FFBC32D5742C994B6AE291F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="EF419D04A47B5173308EBAB23AEB33CA" baseAuthorityName="Spengler" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia cochlea" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cochlea">Heteropsammia cochlea</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="63AB1C9EDBF4DF3AB8F20F541248EA2D" author="Veron, J" journalOrPublisher="Angus and Robertson, North Ryde (Sydney)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B293" refString="Veron, J, Pichon, M, 1980. Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Part 3. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series 4, 422 pp." title="Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Part 3. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series 4, 422 pp." year="1980">. -Veron and Pichon 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 416-420.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D531759B7427471144B6D2C69820EF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DFFAB168CBA3FBEB0A0B3819B391910D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">Heteropsammia eupsammides</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="BF26EE67030EA7C7471480F5BC22ECDB" author="Hoeksema, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 245" refId="B127" refString="Hoeksema, B, Best, M, 1991. New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia. Zoologische Mededelingen 65 (16): 221 - 245" title="New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia." volume="65" year="1991">. -Hoeksema and Best 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 237-240. -
<bibRefCitation id="D6D49A19E61A5E120A57CF9482CCE66B" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 336-338, figs 178D-I, 179.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="638BCE191529AD21F5DCD0828216CB5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="087E08B04D817BC1239861818529E1E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207C0E0404A6C8A1516415BA354BE705" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="1F82E4BA975C432C1F8FC9100C243466" author="Verrill, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science and Arts" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="370 - 375" refId="B296" refString="Verrill, A, 1870. Contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. 7. Descriptions of new corals. American Journal of Science and Arts 49: 370 - 375" title="Contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. 7. Descriptions of new corals." volume="49" year="1870">Verrill 1870</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="729AE8EF4117BD9DC43A5796B6669390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="9D417D4F8E9A144B6C468A15BC4DD992" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="40CE6622CDDEE46503FDD098C8A0C6F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F8EA68F7486B2B68ACAB461921012DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6A9CCC8E955DF11A669702DC3E37F9DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EA2F42544C1A7B664B0934F1082244F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
SAMC_A090129 (
<specimenCount id="2B13B0679A4EA172BEA1C1E2A0368C04" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
): Eastern margin,
<quantity id="331AF410E812C4FF63D8FC2CD5D6B02B" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" unit="km" value="69.0">69 km</quantity>
from Cape Vidal/
<quantity id="A1157CFED9B0EC40D094F34236A98924" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off Mgobezeleni Estuary,
<geoCoordinate id="1679B8A47107C3F2128B8574B5CADA26" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.12" value="-27.5267">27°31'36.12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EB48525CF69B50815E8E1819971ECCD8" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.11" value="32.696697">32°41'48.11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="E9ED9DEA0087DBC386ADBC21C1D08875" type="generic">
<quantity id="53AAB0D4152FB740A9B0E82DC85F9848" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E427E95E1A677F7247E3A71EF096FAC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="imagery data">
<paragraph id="36E91A3980659C96A87B17E6D0C76765" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imagery data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85387B26B66F241C5D9E10A55D4DC42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ZMK (in part: 2 specimens): Locality data unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="562EAE4D949BA7683F9BF938FE82F6A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="E21EE4DF0F114B27F30B5B2DCD768413" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="463EABAEDF42616ED7765EE450A38EAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum solitary, encapsulating a gastropod shell, with one large efferent pore projecting downward from base of corallum, and several smaller efferent pores on lower theca. Calice irregular to elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.5), calicular margin lanceted. Only specimen examined (SAMC_A090129) 12.9
<normalizedToken id="D4FEAD928757BAC26EC2BAC8157AA9F7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.7 mm in CD and 8.9 mm in H. Upper theca highly porous and usually composed of discontinuous but interconnected granular rows. Lower theca becoming more granular. Corallum white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7782B18044DD9C6EC3CC051E9D024AEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa hexamerally arranged in six incomplete cycles according to the formula: S1-2&gt; S3&gt; S5&gt; S4 (107 septa). S1-2 highly exsert, equally wide, with lower axial margins fusing to columellar elements. Higher cycle septa (S1-2) progressively less exsert. S31/2 the width of S1-2. S4 dimorphic in development: those in half-systems lacking S6 ~ 1/5 the width of S3; but those in half-systems with S61/3 the width S3. S5 also dimorphic, being double the width of S4 in half-systems lacking S6 and merging in front of S4 before meeting columella as one septum. However, in half-systems with S6, those S5 neighbouring S3 are double the width of S4, but those flanked by S6 are rudimentary. S61/3 the width of S4 and fuse before flanked S5, reaching columella as one septum. All septa with straight and slightly serrate axial margins. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F147BD801FBA782296B42152EE426DB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FADDD92D305C9366836BFE5B25553CAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14FB89D1F37B506176FA927A140D7CBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margins of South Africa, off Cape Vidal; 40 m. Elsewhere: China Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="E257A5197F65FC49A2B397715F223C7D" author="Verrill, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science and Arts" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="370 - 375" refId="B296" refString="Verrill, A, 1870. Contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. 7. Descriptions of new corals. American Journal of Science and Arts 49: 370 - 375" title="Contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. 7. Descriptions of new corals." volume="49" year="1870">Verrill 1870</bibRefCitation>
); Indonesia (van der
<bibRefCitation id="4BE450DF1940FCC139F7E3D6C3645B66" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B131" refString="Horst, van der C, 1922. The Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. Part III: Eupsammidae. Siboga-Expeditie 16c: 45-75." title="The Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. Part III: Eupsammidae. Siboga-Expeditie 16 c: 45 - 75." year="1922">Horst 1922</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="76660A3B2F7447475AB732EBB5E69832" author="Hoeksema, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 245" refId="B127" refString="Hoeksema, B, Best, M, 1991. New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia. Zoologische Mededelingen 65 (16): 221 - 245" title="New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia." volume="65" year="1991">; Hoeksema and Best 1991</bibRefCitation>
); Philippines (
<bibRefCitation id="5C59246105D5B58EE936208CAA66E340" author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
); New Caledonia (
<bibRefCitation id="84680BF5A73A9FAAE0F47F06C64DAC3D" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
); Australia
<bibRefCitation id="59F3BFCC9FAC83653DD154E969F3E45F" author="Veron, J" journalOrPublisher="Angus and Robertson, North Ryde (Sydney)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B293" refString="Veron, J, Pichon, M, 1980. Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Part 3. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series 4, 422 pp." title="Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Part 3. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series 4, 422 pp." year="1980">(Veron and Pichon 1980</bibRefCitation>
); Maldives; Seychelles (van der
<bibRefCitation id="22485C449963662F29CCC128C51378E4" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
); and Zanzibar (van der
<bibRefCitation id="66A84AAB361A0D798CEEBC159E9E1BA3" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F03BA26D65941F74764A2C15934B49E9" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">; Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
); 38-281 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20728DEC094ABC7716150D10519AA3ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="8599113BEC9727932A4979F7C52AD192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0889653AF7E9A30FD0593FF5B6956341" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7130755B277CDD251354647D5B8D34BC" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="F5BA35AE0CBDBBDBA7E0431720395818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heteropsammia eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the apozooxanthellate species, like
<taxonomicName id="0B7F71E0F7042AE99534BF670575B271" lsidName="H. cochlea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="8DAE82AAF11041A1F16738DC0036639D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it exhibits a symbiotic relationship with sipunculan worms. These two species may be distinguished from one another by whether they are monostomous or polystomous (
<bibRefCitation id="0A3B76090F0BB85E83385F99BC0E53E7" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, S, 2001. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 615: 1 - 75" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia)." volume="615" year="2001">Cairns 2001</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="F1A4B98DA393ECD89D703FD61F20231C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="A1F34D1F3D4D700471CE6B555156B450" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heteropsammia eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polystomous [i.e., has&gt; 2 calices formed by intra-stomodeal budding
<bibRefCitation id="45172BC892BAD90912088D79EA8040DD" author="Hoeksema, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 245" refId="B127" refString="Hoeksema, B, Best, M, 1991. New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia. Zoologische Mededelingen 65 (16): 221 - 245" title="New observations on Scleractinian corals from Indonesia, 2: sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia." volume="65" year="1991">] (Hoeksema and Best 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The examined specimen of
<taxonomicName id="A9A86B8A3C9978D4574B2301E44AE94A" lsidName="H. eupsammides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="2B83FEF332282B42CB0129F29B4CBC55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be in its early stages of calyx separation and therefore can be mistaken with
<taxonomicName id="FB6323D9572A410B085C5BCB33B6BD6C" lsidName="H. cochlea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="187C5B8FC7184FBD6B843420BD637B72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, can be distinguished by the number of cycles (six incomplete cycles in
<taxonomicName id="F39B72C50B52B545E84F60188573F868" lsidName="H. eupsammides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="F45E060D25901CFA3EC7B0E1D17275FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as compared with four complete ones in
<taxonomicName id="9574950A8180816F454685112FAC5AAE" lsidName="H. cochlea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="AC565CF304E8A0056C90894BF90CFB33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a higher number of septa (
<taxonomicName id="6C2E522F7045D3F187A4C25852D16DA3" lsidName="H. eupsammides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="3AECAC0F8E2FA0086637A7A1B778FDEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:107 vs.
<taxonomicName id="D164FF402E1C6CAA61E5EDD7FE0140C8" lsidName="H. cochlea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="88F792EC66B6170D9D4012E0DADB177F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:48), which is a resuly of varying stomata (smaller in
<taxonomicName id="D846C278703954F1F57C4893D0735FDD" lsidName="H. eupsammides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="539F8C44C79833C18EF43B55425CA393" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Apart from the number of septa cycles, the septa profile varies between the two species, whereby
<taxonomicName id="5DCF97FA364CC09C6CA8DC8097E181FE" lsidName="H. eupsammides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="9750167022466434A4FFF82F01567516" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears S3&gt; S5&gt; S4, with straight to slightly serrated axial margins, and lacking porous triangular lancets (as compared with
<taxonomicName id="BE01977E634F980089532B4D6BF271C7" lsidName="H. cochlea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="FFB9FCDDD20FE99A6B04B60C5F7CA414" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has S4&gt; S3, with consistent straight axial margins, and bearing triangular lancets). This record represents a range southern range extension from Zanzibar.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AE22FB0583512AEFA8E7AE3FC6A3AE7A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604113" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="DCC142795AAB7513993B56923605F49B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="86FC2D270E011734DEE557192F53B665" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56162F49CD559CD7E768A406C95F4786" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1C862D2CB3C54D65740C40FB29D9569F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97D1E6A9FEB2832E16E66660FCF3A5D7" baseAuthorityName="Spengler" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia cochlea" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cochlea">
<emphasis id="BBF0668A3E3E8CC0BD2EA6F919B2461A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heteropsammia cochlea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ORI_EIe1, locality data unknown)
<emphasis id="F1E2F0B6F7A7194EBA24C15761096893" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="30D384684685DF09ADBF1E336AB64AC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="279ACE78B282CD700379122BA27A1E21" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="92A283EC1A1D8D938E94E6C05F5898A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="591AF9569DD192F75D5B78D3427DE959" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Heteropsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropsammia eupsammides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupsammides">
<emphasis id="205C6C901B92A2FBF8DA063A322433D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heteropsammia eupsammides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMK, locality data unknown)
<emphasis id="4BEA7432983FC9AF0F499F5DC881390A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="A03C9F4937A2AFDBCFCF09F7E9CCCE37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="BC1222FEA99DA9D2527F1EF201138781" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C07FB47404F2FAE09D2FEC248F033A91" baseAuthorityName="van der Horst" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Pourtalopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pourtalopsammia togata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="togata">
<emphasis id="85363D793AE6E373ED45D5A116037A0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pourtalopsammia togata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="17FC00F5117498FF4D7B2770CC0F88A8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="49A8F9A8F5C19A8C8DEA6773A663A349" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
(SAM_H2829, off East London, 146-238 m)
<emphasis id="3BCCA8BAF5CF720B3FF8BD65302C6228" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="53B591C8602FB0A34FFACEFD478F1466" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="C1364A13F5A23B713428E1CDB1442993" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="0FCB7D43FC5AD5444F4EDE7BE896369B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
(SAM_H2831, off Cintsa, 159 m)
<emphasis id="373176E18D2CA1E16A8E410B2762349D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="1EF8775DBBB93025B7547A590DDAD90B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="BDCA47EB91D73E7013CEF708DCE3B0B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="9A60F495D5CE9B257D84788EE93579A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="705EEAA0E509CF5E2624FB4DBECF338A" baseAuthorityName="van der Horst" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Rhizopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhizopsammia annae" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annae">
<emphasis id="795450413A223945B6EFAD14C8BD11E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhizopsammia annae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM_H1497, off the Agulhas, depth unknown)
<emphasis id="A772545A03E36E6CB7859C8F85DB4A0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="C2154F6189916F19CF382B3865B7605C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="F5B21F4911D1D209D594EBAF58850CE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="066C9E011C3D5BC1B2BE5BB201E5719F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CCE3E696180C297292F4B86A37055E1" authorityName="Sheppard &amp; Sheppard" authorityYear="1991" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Rhizopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhizopsammia compacta" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compacta">
<emphasis id="7D22183A3390DCC6FE7B1171EAFAAEE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhizopsammia compacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAMC_A073041, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 69 m)
<emphasis id="6AD3BC751847F945E9DFB79E599ACA2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="4B75A7A8AB0A4A1063D8D902544DA504" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="AFE249601E8F241A4083363148D0E666" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="A67BFAC0F45DFDEEFAA8EE34610FF81E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="73ECF56712B4B63692887029730852D9" authorityName="van der Horst" authorityYear="1922" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Rhizopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhizopsammia verrilli" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="F943E413982CCF9984B319046031ED22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhizopsammia verrilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM_H1502, off Richards Bay, 165 m)
<emphasis id="71F90C830E728876FD1242A42ECF98C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
calicular view
<emphasis id="94C6B07B889D34B50B75427FB8A82B45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="63B6BE4B7B50BCF2C7116D21F765180C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CC0C68EF66938D62F405AACA8C6BF44" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1829" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Tubastraea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tubastraea coccinea" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="5AD121B43A3384BDC5FACBF8343745B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tubastraea coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ORI_EIb4, Isipingo; depth unknown)
<emphasis id="E0C716D187EE6D335439D37B6670907A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2215048E3817A37C5C9A784935C5E66" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1829" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Tubastraea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tubastraea" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Tubastraea</taxonomicName>
sp. cf.
<taxonomicName id="1EF7AA24E2A0A51E63B62F1A82E51A8C" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Tubastraea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tubastraea diaphana" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">Tubastraea diaphana</taxonomicName>
(SAM_H5103, Cape Vidal, 59 m): Calicular view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>