284 lines
35 KiB
XML
284 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="272C2381EC22F61DE406364087618DEA" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb113551-41a5-40e7-80fd-ce05a4dfcc00" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272503" ID-ZooBank="51B86192-BF51-444F-8C00-960C10E8DF5C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477469536949" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Samuel W. & Gamiette, Franciane" docDate="2016" docId="440C87ADFF97C953FF19C4E8FD5BFCD2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichogaster spolstoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="394" masterDocId="B835FFD5FF96C950FF8EC12DFF91FFEA" masterDocTitle="New species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Clitellata: Benhamiidae) with additional records of earthworms from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)" masterLastPageNumber="408" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="392" updateTime="1698390840751" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="82BC82760DA15D97A5C28F58D60E37D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9551AB16AECC2269BEA894DD563319D7">
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<mods:title id="E16BC4786A8B79FCFC1141C8352C5E62">New species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Clitellata: Benhamiidae) with additional records of earthworms from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D1C61B824B41460AECD3B4416F3C825D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="37B205CDA7B3F091CBAAAF3267818EC5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6C1AE77F61D91A50F586C5EC57DD117A">James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5FF9C64A7AD688E4249CBA829FF8449F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CD34E2905029F8FD414295D68259D8E8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="334BF6C8FF3A280B06169CEC37CEAEDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F2E0C5B33538F29D8FB9C257E21E5F44">Gamiette, Franciane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CDBA14CA644FF192730E173263A4D8C1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0EB64C4D2219A9E465FD5874EC4BDD7">
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<mods:title id="63509294AF4D41ABC9DDDA02AF86A1DE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="81DD5B5B14CC109AE6F9C330EB432F9C">
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<mods:date id="AC7004878C3E6202277A42134EC62240">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0F3E15A4449D7091A9E9D979561CF231" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="96CF91BA254E3E0BB6F8B49D47FAC368">4178</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B98652AF1492DC3CA2B05E573C186C6E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="909512665D33217B36539E3C27FB7788">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="455DA5626349A4469219DB063B88A318" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="269B11490F08F188C9BF835A9F1D2A2D" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb113551-41a5-40e7-80fd-ce05a4dfcc00</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0EE716B0A0C3D09CAFA68446492F5008" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="640EDB1E6292150C9BFB804A7EDF7247" type="Zenodo-Dep">272503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7064DA6CF1D904B0815F5F52FB8092C3" type="ZooBank">51B86192-BF51-444F-8C00-960C10E8DF5C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="440C87ADFF97C953FF19C4E8FD5BFCD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124558176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:440C87ADFF97C953FF19C4E8FD5BFCD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/440C87ADFF97C953FF19C4E8FD5BFCD2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<subSubSection id="84BF6530FF97C951FF19C4E8FEACF9EA" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C951FF19C4E8FE7CFA35" blockId="1.[151,493,1477,1536]" box="[151,493,1477,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<heading id="975281D7FF97C951FF19C4E8FE7CFA35" bold="true" box="[151,493,1477,1503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF19C4E8FE7CFA35" bold="true" box="[151,493,1477,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF19C4E8FE35FA35" bold="true" box="[151,420,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF97C951FF19C4E8FE0EFA35" box="[151,415,1477,1503]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spolstoni">Dichogaster spolstoni</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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n. sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C951FF19C4CAFEACF9EA" blockId="1.[151,493,1477,1536]" box="[151,317,1511,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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(
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<figureCitation id="549E2A3EFF97C951FF10C4CAFF68F9EA" box="[158,249,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,944,966]" captionTargetBox="[230,1349,265,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[230,1356,265,923]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dichogaster spolstoni n. sp. A. Dorsal view, recently fixed. B. Ventral view. C. Ventral view clitellum region. D. Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272504/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84BF6530FF97C951FF19C702FC3DF97A" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C951FF19C702FDC7F987" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<materialsCitation id="7CCD3CE6FF97C951FF19C702FDC7F987" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324200686" collectionCode="MNHN, HEL" country="Guadeloupe" elevation="1018" latitude="16.132383" location="Faux Pitons Bouillantes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.72727" municipality="Basse Terre" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" specimenCode="HEL590" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="131E8819FF97C951FF19C702FE95F9A2" box="[151,260,1583,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF19C702FE95F9A2" bold="true" box="[151,260,1583,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="AAB4AE7EFF97C951FE9AC71DFEF8F9AD" box="[276,361,1584,1607]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">MNHN</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="9C039EC0FF97C951FEFCC702FE42F9A2" box="[370,467,1583,1608]" collectionCode="HEL" country="Finland" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14518" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<collectionCode id="AAB4AE7EFF97C951FEFCC702FE38F9A2" box="[370,425,1583,1608]" country="Finland" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14518" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">HEL</collectionCode>
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590
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</specimenCode>
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adult,
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<location id="C97A6060FF97C951FDADC71DFCA3F9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:440C87ADFF97C953FF19C4E8FD5BFCD2:C97A6060FF97C951FDADC71DFCA3F9A2" box="[547,818,1583,1608]" country="Guadeloupe" latitude="16.132383" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.72727" municipality="Basse Terre" name="Faux Pitons Bouillantes" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Faux Pitons Bouillantes</location>
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trail in montane forest soil,
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<collectingMunicipality id="2C7EACC1FF97C951FBF7C71DFA90F9AD" box="[1145,1281,1584,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Basse Terre</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="B4B2762BFF97C951FA80C702FA09F9A2" box="[1294,1432,1583,1608]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A991507CFF97C951FF19C779FEB9F987" box="[151,296,1620,1645]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" precision="1" value="16.132383">N16°07.943'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A991507CFF97C951FEBCC779FE5BF987" box="[306,458,1620,1645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" precision="1" value="-61.72727">W61°43.636'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="4788D188FF97C951FE5AC779FDB8F986" box="[468,553,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" unit="m" value="1018.0">
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<quantity id="0B5D9B5EFF97C951FE5AC779FDB8F986" box="[468,553,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" unit="m" value="1018.0">1018 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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asl.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C951FF49C75AFC3DF97A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2005]" box="[199,940,1655,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF49C75AFEAEF97A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1655,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Paratypes</emphasis>
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. MNHN HEL591, 2 clitellate adults from type locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84BF6530FF97C951FF49C7B1FE4FF932" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C951FF49C7B1FE4FF932" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF49C7B1FED7F95F" bold="true" box="[199,326,1692,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Making an anagram from the words “Pitons” and “sol” one of the possibilities is
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<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF97C951FA8AC7B1FAF8F95E" box="[1284,1385,1692,1716]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spolstoni">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FA8AC7B1FAF8F95E" box="[1284,1385,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">spolstoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the name we give to this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84BF6530FF97C952FF49C7C9FCB8F963" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF97C952FF49C7C9FA1BFF3E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF97C951FF49C7C9FEC0F917" bold="true" box="[199,337,1764,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Description</emphasis>
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. Dimensions
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<quantity id="0B5D9B5EFF97C951FE65C7C9FDF2F916" box="[491,611,1764,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="64.0">64–66 mm</quantity>
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by 2.5–3.0 mm at segment x,
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<quantity id="0B5D9B5EFF97C951FC3CC7C9FBB5F916" box="[946,1060,1764,1789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
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at clitellum, 3.0 mm at xxx; body cylindrical throughout, segments 150–179 (3 individuals). Setae all ventral, closely paired throughout; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 4:1:5:1 at xxx; DD> ½ circumference. Prostomium schizolobous, completely divided by a single mid-dorsal groove; segments with pre- and post-setal secondary annulations in posterior half of body.
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<collectingRegion id="0E61F859FF97C951FF19C659FE96F867" box="[151,263,1908,1933]" country="France" name="Bourgogne" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Burgundy</collectingRegion>
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pigmentation present dorsally in pre-clitellar segments with faint mid-dorsal band of pigment elsewhere, overall posterior color tan to olive in formalin preservation. First dorsal pore 11/12, spermathecal pores deep in 7/8, 8/
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<quantity id="0B5D9B5EFF97C951FF23C691FF4BF83F" box="[173,218,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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A. Ovipores equatorial just median to A in xiv on elevated area; male pores in xviii; prostatic pores and penial setae at ends of grooves in A in xvii–xix; grooves straight, surrounded by raised field with transverse bar papillae on xvii, xix. Clitellum xiii–xxi, saddle-shaped reaching to ½ BC, no other genital markings (
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<figureCitation id="549E2A3EFF94C952FA8CC191FAD0FF3E" box="[1282,1345,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,944,966]" captionTargetBox="[230,1349,265,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[230,1356,265,923]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dichogaster spolstoni n. sp. A. Dorsal view, recently fixed. B. Ventral view. C. Ventral view clitellum region. D. Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–C).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="98DA6633FF94C952FF19C29DFEB0FC0F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[230,1349,265,922]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF94C952FF19C29DFEB0FC0F" blockId="2.[151,1436,944,997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
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||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FF19C29DFE9CFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,269,944,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF94C952FE94C29DFE68FC2C" box="[282,505,944,966]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spolstoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FE94C29DFE68FC2C" box="[282,505,944,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster spolstoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FD8FC29CFDCBFC2F" bold="true" box="[513,602,944,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5E257D2FF94C952FD8FC29CFDABFC2C" box="[513,570,945,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A.
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</emphasis>
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Dorsal view, recently fixed.
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FC0CC29CFC08FC2C" bold="true" box="[898,921,945,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">B.</emphasis>
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Ventral view.
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FBA2C29DFBD4FC2C" bold="true" box="[1068,1093,944,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">C.</emphasis>
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Ventral view clitellum region.
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<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FA0DC29CFA0DFC2C" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,945,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">D.</emphasis>
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Spermatheca.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF94C952FF49C520FAE1FA67" blockId="2.[151,1437,1036,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
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Septa 5/6–8/9 membranous,
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||
<date id="B81B107BFF94C952FD93C520FD0DFBCF" box="[541,668,1037,1061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" value="2014-09-10" valueMax="2014-09-13" valueMin="2014-09-10">9/10–13/14</date>
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||
slightly muscular,
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||
<date id="B81B107BFF94C952FC09C520FBADFBCF" box="[903,1084,1036,1061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" value="2011-09-10" valueMax="2011-09-10" valueMin="2011-09-10">9/10 and 10/11</date>
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||
fused at body wall margins. Alimentary canal with proventriculus in v, two long gizzards in vi, vii; esophagus valvular in xviii, intestinal origin xix; deeply sacculated xix–xxx; typhlosole a simple fold originating in region 22/23–23/24, height one quarter lumen diameter, with vertical folds through xxx, continuous lateral typhlosoles xxiv–xxxii, typhlosole ends cxxvii, cxxxvii. Calciferous glands reniform, paired in xv–xvii, composed of longitudinally-oriented lamellae opening to medial lumen; each gland with separate duct to esophagus, glands of xv equal in size to those of xvi, these smaller than glands in xvii; glands of xvii have 3 to 5 indentations of the lateral margins. Meronephridia 12 per segment, pre-intestinal nephridia tubular; intestinal segment nephridia closed sac-shaped with oil droplets; ventralmost rows of posterior segments with nephrostomes; no nephrostomes seen anteriorly; nephridia distributed AB-dorsum. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, these connected by commisural vessels in v (?), vii, viii, ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xii, increasing in size posteriorly. Commissural vessel of vii to gizzard wall only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF94C952FF49C4B5FCB8F963" blockId="2.[151,1437,1036,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
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Fan-shaped ovaries composed of long strings, with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, each a roughly conical ampulla with bilobed stalked diverticulum; one lobe always larger than the other (
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<figureCitation id="549E2A3EFF94C952FB7DC491FAA2FA3F" box="[1267,1331,1468,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,944,966]" captionTargetBox="[230,1349,265,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[230,1356,265,923]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dichogaster spolstoni n. sp. A. Dorsal view, recently fixed. B. Ventral view. C. Ventral view clitellum region. D. Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272504/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, these sacs extending anteriorly under gizzard; testes and funnels free in xi; acinous equal-sized small seminal vesicles in xi, xii; tubular prostates with very short delicate ducts, sharply marked from narrow tubular glandular portion; glands in many zig-zag folds within segments of origin or extending into next segment posterior; glands of xvii much larger; penial setal follicles and penial setae very small, vestigial, just median to ducts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84BF6530FF94C953FF49C7B9FD5BFCD2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF94C952FF49C7B9FBD1F91E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1036,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FF49C7B9FEA5F947" bold="true" box="[199,308,1684,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species was found in the highly organic soil of a short-stature montane forest, not in suspended soil habitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF94C952FEA0C795FD7CF93B" authority="James, 1996" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1996" box="[302,749,1720,1745]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caesiticifusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FEA0C795FDCBF93A" box="[302,602,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster caesiticifusca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF94C952FDEFC794FD7CF93B" author="James" box="[609,749,1720,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also found in the soil, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF94C952FBD4C795FF5EF91F" authority="James, 1996" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1996" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="callaina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FBD4C795FAD8F93A" box="[1114,1353,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster callaina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF94C952FADEC794FF5EF91F" author="James" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF94C952FE8BC7F0FE01F91F" box="[261,400,1757,1781]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FE8BC7F0FE01F91F" box="[261,400,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 (see below) were found in bromeliads of the same area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF94C953FF49C62DFD62FE1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1036,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
|
||
First we will review what distinguishes
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E61F859FF94C952FD00C62DFC84F8F3" box="[654,789,1792,1817]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4B2762BFF94C952FD00C62DFC84F8F3" box="[654,789,1792,1817]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF94C952FC90C62DFBDCF8F3" box="[798,1101,1792,1817]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FC90C62DFC38F8F2" box="[798,937,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FC34C62DFBD4F8F2" box="[954,1093,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from their sub-genus congeners in Africa and the Neotropics. Some of this, including the status of
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FBA2C608FB3AF8D6" box="[1068,1195,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Eutrigaster</emphasis>
|
||
Cognetti, 1904, and species assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF94C952FEF6C664FE69F88A" box="[376,504,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Eutrigaster</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF94C952FD90C665FD38F88B" author="Sims" box="[542,681,1864,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Sims, R. W. (1987) New species and records of earthworms from Jamaica with notes on the genus Eutrigaster Cognetti 1904 (Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta). Journal of Natural History, 21, 429 - 441. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938700771101" type="journal article" year="1987">Sims (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was discussed at length in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF94C952FC6AC664FBE7F88B" author="James" box="[996,1142,1864,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF94C952FB0CC664FB2EF88B" author="James" box="[1154,1215,1865,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="James, S. W. (2004) Earthworms from the eastern mountains of Jamaica: fourteen new species of Dichogaster (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 4, 277 - 294. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2004.04.003" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By specifying the prostates in xvii and xix, spermathecae in viii and ix, gizzards in vi and vii, seminal grooves present, and caeca absent, one eliminates most Neotropical species. Restricting to the same character states plus first dorsal pore near 11/12 +/- a segment or two, most African species (dorsal pores more anterior, near 5/6) are eliminated from consideration. Further reductions of the African species are accomplished by specifying that penial setae are either absent or monomorphic (only one morphological
|
||
<typeStatus id="131E8819FF95C953FD4DC1B5FD62FF5A" box="[707,755,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">type</typeStatus>
|
||
per bundle), and by restriction of the remaining to those of a particular spermathecal morphological category, in this case the
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FCE8C191FC54FF3E" box="[870,965,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">damonis</emphasis>
|
||
-group
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FB98C190FBC5FF3E" box="[1046,1108,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FBD5C191FB6FFF3E" author="Csuzdi" box="[1115,1278,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="Csuzdi, C. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). Pedozoologica Hungarica, 6 (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest), 1 - 348." type="journal article" year="2010">Csuzdi (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This group is characterized by having non-muscular spermathecal ducts with a stalked diverticulum arising from the duct. Thus one arrives at a direct comparison with some neotropical species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FC35C028FA9CFEF6" authority="Michaelsen, 1908" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1908" box="[955,1293,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gagzoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FC35C028FC5EFEF6" box="[955,975,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FC6AC028FBBEFEF6" box="[996,1071,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">gagzoi</emphasis>
|
||
Michaelsen, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FA91C028FEF4FEAA" authority="Michaelsen, 1912" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1912" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="picadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FA91C028FAA2FEF6" box="[1311,1331,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FAC6C029FA0DFEF6" box="[1352,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">picadoi</emphasis>
|
||
Michaelsen, 1912
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FE29C004FD5FFEAA" authority="James, 2004" authorityName="James" authorityYear="2004" box="[423,718,296,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FE29C004FE2AFEAA" box="[423,443,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FE42C005FDA0FEAA" box="[460,561,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">altissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FDB2C005FD5FFEAA" author="James" box="[572,718,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="James, S. W. (2004) Earthworms from the eastern mountains of Jamaica: fourteen new species of Dichogaster (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 4, 277 - 294. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2004.04.003" type="journal article" year="2004">James, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of these the ones with the same number of nephridia in the intestinal segments (10) are the latter two.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FDFEC061FCC4FE8E" box="[624,853,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="picadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FDFEC061FCC4FE8E" box="[624,853,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Dichogaster picadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having longer and more developed lateral typhlosoles than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FEDBC05CFE4DFE62" box="[341,476,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spolstoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FEDBC05CFE4DFE62" box="[341,476,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D. spolstoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other Guadelope species, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FCF6C05CFC6EFE62" box="[888,1023,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FCF6C05CFC6EFE62" box="[888,1023,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more complex typhlosole with vertical flaps, greater septal muscularity in degree and segmental extent, nephridia on the muscular septa, and different fusion of segments in the male gonadal region:
|
||
<date id="B81B107BFF95C953FC9FC095FCE5FE3A" box="[785,884,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" value="2012-11-10">10/11/12</date>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<date id="B81B107BFF95C953FC74C095FBC7FE3A" box="[1018,1110,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" value="2010-09-11">9/10/11.</date>
|
||
These differences also apply to all
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E61F859FF95C953FF59C0F1FECFFE1F" box="[215,350,476,501]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4B2762BFF95C953FF59C0F1FECFFE1F" box="[215,350,476,501]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FEEBC0F1FD02FE1E" box="[357,659,476,500]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FEEBC0F1FE61FE1E" box="[357,496,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FE71C0F1FD18FE1E" box="[511,649,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF95C953FF49C0D2FB39FD27" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Turning now to the previously-known species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E61F859FF95C953FCA0C0D2FC29FDF2" box="[814,952,511,536]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4B2762BFF95C953FCA0C0D2FC29FDF2" box="[814,952,511,536]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FC64C32DFB14FDF2" author="James" box="[1002,1157,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
there are four acaecate species, and all are obviously pigmented, either blue-green or red to red-brown. The acaecate Guadeloupean species of the same color (not the blue-green species) are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FCA2C364FBE1FD8A" authority="James, 1996" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1996" box="[812,1136,583,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="matoubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FCA2C364FC4DFD8A" box="[812,988,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D. matoubensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FC6AC365FBE1FD8A" author="James" box="[996,1136,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FB27C364FF5EFD6F" authority="James, 1996" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1996" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="musciphila">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FB27C364FAD9FD8A" box="[1193,1352,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D. musciphila</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FADEC365FF5EFD6F" author="James" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which both have fewer nephridia (8) and larger penial setae, though still quite small. All four species have longer lateral typhlosoles, and the only ones with 12 nephridia are blue-green. A fifth taxon in the acaecate group, left undescribed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8344B4AFF95C953FEE0C398FD97FD27" author="James" box="[366,518,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="James, S. W. (1996) Nine new species of Dichogaster from Guadeloupe, French West Indies (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 21 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00149. x" type="journal article" year="1996">James (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is epilobous, has 12 nephridia but also is blue-green in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC1A36BBFF95C953FF49C3FAFD5BFCD2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA54D38FF95C953FEC2C3F4FE45FD1A" box="[332,468,728,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spolstoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FEC2C3F4FE45FD1A" box="[332,468,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">D. spolstoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5E257D2FF95C953FE52C3FAFD8AFD1A" box="[476,539,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED1EAA9FF95C953FE52C3FAFD8AFD1A" bold="true" box="[476,539,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to the other acaecate species in this paper, it has more nephridia (12 vs 10) and is not blue-green or containing elements of green pigmentation. The degree of green pigmentation could be related to habitat but we have no way of determining this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |