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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9243" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47d621e3-3617-4b65-bdeb-9b46125dbd68" ID-PMC="PMC7769898" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1006-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" ID-PubMed="33442318" ID-ZooBank="5823BFE656FE419EBA575A95D2A3DC5D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1006-1" checkinTime="1608594948932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yonow, Nathalie" docDate="2020" docId="41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1006: 1-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1006" docPubDate="2020-12-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" docTitle="Phyllidia schupporum Fahrner &amp; Schroedl 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" masterDocTitle="Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732803660123" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="882107A535D2C78E7D68512EB19A1A5C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="394577516F4151271509461792ECBFE3">Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6AAB678DD29A57030DAF5B13E6EA3245" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B0E894C75C00292D7F9753137183DCF8">
<mods:roleTerm id="6832DD2E1519A35F6319EE9C3D188346">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="691606C54E50B603B660F3D0DE143B00">Yonow, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CAC2D3CAEE738DF94701BA36C0DC56B4">Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA 2 8 PP, Wales, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="06F469C5F8BA655B5F00152416D9C5A1" type="email">n.yonow@swansea.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CA4355D33DD16578B43181E86809275B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89BE657A428BC75EAD9EF3773560A6AD">
<mods:date id="2A232206FC56130A5D32540B6EF33B91">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="016A0D951FC408232C550C5C420F4741">2020-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="96EE7E44A4E1AAE4EB86597202288404" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0DF3214F6ACAF0279CB7575D3CA9A7D7">1006</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7853B1728BF2A051DFE97E01F90C31BB">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B9A23FADCEA317ED1B1EE1F7AF237437">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="906B0674134A10DDFE3BC8500B8A67F8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B88EC6257E80C864DE3B5DE6A3B0CA78" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1006-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D16618ABF68E4B56BC047848540757D" type="ZooBank">5823BFE656FE419EBA575A95D2A3DC5D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B905569310FC932C658B9D0ACB25CD29" type="Pensoft-UUID">AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176232871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41FDA3B1CD165A9E99E551C773AA8A4C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Phyllidiidae" scope_order="Nudibranchia" scope_subClass="Heterobranchia" scope_subOrder="Doridina">
<subSubSection id="13F2F886C80249557DFAA427841B1C9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E4C0A8A964E4CB6748C797C184A3F1D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="53DEEE9616675C80D49628F2F1AEE355" ID-CoL="7SPN6" LSID="41FDA3B1-CD16-5A9E-99E5-51C773AA8A4C" authority="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl, 2000" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
Phyllidia schupporum Fahrner &amp;
<normalizedToken id="B501779F12E1F6FE6B4E40FA32A965E1" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
, 2000
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="CE2DD2C08B6D2F58D89F9E4FC70D5AFE" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 9-14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F57078E5DDD1D773428217905ED97427" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">; Figures 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AA8257735419A5E414A114B9B4A171C0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllidia schupporum, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8A18C7F37708E26102CFB66E3E3DA18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4EEFD7F288EB2E1DC6C28BA5CA289DEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="1224793109D39953C03ED649BCB2FCFF" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">Phyllidia schupporum</taxonomicName>
Fahrner &amp;
<normalizedToken id="3A52748D2F76FEA1314651BAE1A6FC43" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
, 2000b: 5-60, figs 1-4 (Dahab, Gulf of Eilat);
<bibRefCitation id="445002342DB47CF2B34329BD63C12A3F" author="Debelius, H" journalOrPublisher="IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Debelius, H, Kuiter, RH, 2007. Nudibranchs of the world. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt" title="Nudibranchs of the world." year="2007">Debelius and Kuiter 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 267;
<bibRefCitation id="B32B80303EE1C6C0A36153FC78FC5C45" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 217, three figs incl. ventral anterior of holotype;
<bibRefCitation id="3DE276FBE4569F80FBC938669D64EEBD" author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Gosliner, TM, Behrens, DW, Valdes, A, 2008. Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" title="Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna." year="2008">Gosliner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 289.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F103103220E825DB8680E858F5501DDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="CAD7D9821CB25EB3F166637328C9FEFA" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="Fryeria">Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
: -
<bibRefCitation id="AADF04370FFEA2C792D9C32F6D2167C7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" author="Nithyanandan, M" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B22" refString="Nithyanandan, M, 2012. New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Marine Biodiversity Records 5: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" title="New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" volume="5" year="2012">Nithyanandan 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 4, fig. 6 (Kuwait). non
<taxonomicName id="AD9D49E1197B836120214BCE08F44504" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1869).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99C5D8F4B752237C5921D5D5CD89C2B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="48212A5DFDDCB7E63DC9CC74AB12C924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BD3FA6B82C590972CCE8877F38165B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="576FAFA2AC2CE03E8EC8F45BA52CD8F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Egypt</emphasis>
- Hurghada,
<normalizedToken id="DA2DFFC34B56640E83A971A71AFCC80F" originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010, one specimen 32
<normalizedToken id="E6E24B4E4B61DACED3FCA3B4BA08C022" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
21 mm pres., alcohol, 14 m depth, leg. and photographs S. Kahlbrock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38BE76302972C0C64B8D649D33421850" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="photographic records">
<paragraph id="D65D074EF6EC1B56E26EAFD928BA2525" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Photographic records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8148962F3776E60373BE4A87E3F02B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C48ABE419B3FD7A7B4A58E51D997E5C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Egypt</emphasis>
- Caves, Ras Umm Sid,
<normalizedToken id="927D00256279281337288961B24D907A" originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 19 Nov 2007, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer; El Quseir, 2007, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer; Dahab, 2008, two individuals together, photographs H. Blatterer;
<normalizedToken id="C456B58AD6F17B208ED8B70FF7DCE073" originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Mahmoud/Beacon Rock, Dahab, 5 May 2010, 8 June 2010, 15 Apr 2012, photographs S. Kahlbrock; Hurghada, 14 May 2012, photograph of one individual, S. Kahlbrock; &quot;SS Thistlegorm,&quot;
<normalizedToken id="0566237E14030C23F1ED3DEEAC989379" originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 9 Oct 2012, 17 m depth, photograph S. Kahlbrock; House Reef of Rima Life Resort, Makadi Bay, 9 August 2014, 8 m depth, one individual ~ 30 mm, photograph Hsini Lin; Dahab, 19 July 2015, one individual, photograph H. Blatterer.
<emphasis id="ACF74630D350DB6516ECDE6989323FE3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Israel</emphasis>
- Eilat. 16 Apr 2008, photographs of one individual, B. and S. Koretz (also published in
<bibRefCitation id="95EC3770D1BF9CFFEBEFDEF6F2D1F6D8" author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Gosliner, TM, Behrens, DW, Valdes, A, 2008. Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" title="Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna." year="2008">Gosliner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 289); 4 September 2015, photographs of one individual, R. Amar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A6CAB7C167DA0EC980A05BF587A7108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="6CD12C4D1926BAC3795A1ECB4B2A1E1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="074E1D42C8667D8895578943DEFACAB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The single large (32 mm) preserved specimen is mostly black, which forms deep scallops around the mantle sides with three elongations on the left and four irregular ones on the right, almost reaching the mantle margin, and a small one on the posterior margin (Plate
<figureCitation id="1401547E37B55FB716D42F3BB89F5D55" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
). These semi-circular areas formed by the black scalloped pattern are white but contain some black patches and bright yellow tips on both the large and small tubercles. The white areas are almost translucent and full of white granules; even the tiniest tubercles have granulated white pigmentation. The large tubercles in each area are white, topped with yellow, and the bases of the pigmented tubercles are more opaque white as well as more granular than the others, which makes them appear ocellated (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D2E31AE3E08EC7A4C4D8760A58839199" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
). These white semi-circles are pustulate, as are the yellow parts of the largest tubercles in these areas and elsewhere on the dorsum. There is no coloured edge remaining on the margin in this specimen, but all photographs of living animals show orange spots and/or lines on the mantle margin (Plates
<figureCitation id="0A0AB1F1AC67602C84E5A2449BE9E67D" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9-14</figureCitation>
) and three display almost complete yellow margins (Plates
<figureCitation id="DB15503D94FF68CEED9BCF7948BA3B52" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12-14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="45535E9769FF86F7666A88334787A86B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plates 9–14" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="2EA83E3B08DD2FA8E8CBA93C9D0F8683" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E357F651ED1ED3042BFC731EE1F39BCA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 9-14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B00881929E07CFF87E09077447E5ED67" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="FB10FA62D80B40AEDE5CC91404052C9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen and individuals illustrating variations
<emphasis id="DF7E38312DF231E842380A51FDCDC5D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</emphasis>
dorsal view of living specimen,
<normalizedToken id="EF12AD586B33EBD5E5C31CAB6ACED86C" originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis id="B2AC54AB7BD76575AFAD19F877E8856C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="6234CD05479A8DCF1F268A0FB3C7DCEB" originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis id="FCBA56498D46CCC031767389170B3704" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</emphasis>
Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin)
<emphasis id="D10F214B5FCCFA33137C2849362AA407" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="858F5FF271D6AB421F62E77AC552486E" originalValue="Sha’arm">Sha'arm</normalizedToken>
el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis id="3511D746EC6496E74CE53721395EFB92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="7F4B98C75AA8FF34F7C9C8ABEA39D164" originalValue="Sha’ab">Sha'ab</normalizedToken>
Mahmoud/Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)
<emphasis id="4EBAA807F6D67E3D13208F33961C52AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</emphasis>
Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="515C186E4E1A89F112D17AE0C9697681" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="871B94B3A3B0466A9DE7B0AF5E1C5194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="14F9FB302F2B19320157DB9A98491DF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E64DA5F9AC4821EA114FA8A0112B6408" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="1040CC9D4886366B5278A1A0C9F0EF45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B66E2EEC9570F9BF5DDB2A860E717D89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate
<figureCitation id="CBE94AA1B83B56824AAD5F87DD4B015C" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
with head to the left)
<emphasis id="FD5898C47E377E6DAC6F966C0F840192" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen
<emphasis id="E5F29DA5135EDAB6D3583A99F481A146" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
ventral view of holotype (M.
<normalizedToken id="577D72806A6CD41B12473C6FBC324596" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
)
<emphasis id="BBDBA720643B6245F5E099AFC87B8764" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
oral tentacles,
<normalizedToken id="FBB1D8AE1DDB91635ADAEFDCDD1ADAD5" originalValue="‘lips’">'lips'</normalizedToken>
and anterior foot margin of specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="ED6ACD27A93F88F460F194CA721253F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The central black area in life bears a few barely discernible pustules, visible only at great magnification. The four large central tubercles are pustulose and irregular. There is one large tubercle just behind the rhinophores followed by two more. These three tubercles are the largest and rugose, with the basal pustules faintly tipped in yellow pigment which deepens towards tips. The white anal papilla is located just behind the third dorsal tubercle and located in a white area; the anal opening is surrounded by tiny black spots. There is one smaller white and yellow pustulose tubercle behind the anal papilla (far right on Plates
<figureCitation id="7087318FB557EC311EBFBC259FE6F70E" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5DD742C0AC48FB304830F86B61D79FE9" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="27C8DE2205B9B4070EF152255DEB4A98" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
). The deep yellow rhinophores are almost parallel sided with a short tip (Plates
<figureCitation id="FBAA3059C9E4926E709F3D050D0CE933" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A16F1ABBC551F8056DA309FD0005C559" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7CBCB685092DA94990A4C871097CFD9E" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
). They are each set in a tapering white patch with a yellow rhino-tubercle just behind and slightly displaced laterally. The rhinophores have 16-20 lamellae (counted from photographs).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286047B66DFF75AF8DACEBE84DD5F208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The preserved specimen is black and white (Fig.
<figureCitation id="836892ADF6E5C476C2718102A62E09E6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
). Both the black and white areas are pimpled with small pustules, which are more obvious on the white areas. The tubercles are very unusual for species of
<taxonomicName id="DD52F210F7AB263972D5DDBD1E95AD3B" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1797" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ED5C10D6E38F8B346B4A99A977EF7C76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in preservative resemble the tubercles of
<taxonomicName id="F0C321CD7A36450E538BC1CAB71103D5" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrodoris tuberculosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="36C8469BD97C69CFEAF8C1B43D471FEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrodoris tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832). They are composed of ridges and incomplete rings of smaller pustules, some even tipped with yellow pigment, and very clearly visible in a large living animal (Plates
<figureCitation id="1FD41FFCB2B20467633F2131C871A8B4" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C80C8B8A4BB5CC0D16C6042D5EEA1425" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
). The rhinophores are retracted and the anus is a puckered hole placed after the third tubercle and clearly visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4F679179BEED8C9674293F95B5E79FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ventrally, the spicules of the hyponotum are arranged in a distinctly hatched pattern, and the black pigment shows through from the dorsal side, darkest around the margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5F09EC91936C363B9D3F7BDCC53E72C4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C-E</figureCitation>
). The gill leaflets are grey. The uniformly grey foot sole is oval with no black midline and notched anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3C02765D37B4C83E1A6C10AD438734C7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7D, E</figureCitation>
) in the preserved specimen but not in the living specimen (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D951EF90C75BFC01BDC8A100CEBADE1A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
). The anterior margin is rounded, the
<normalizedToken id="67C1A1004333D3809040AFDC59BB1348" originalValue="‘lips’">'lips'</normalizedToken>
are prominent, and the retracted oral tentacles are conical structures with an obvious deep groove on each side, similar to those depicted in the photograph of the living holotype (Fig.
<figureCitation id="460D8788E55EFA669874020D94DF7152" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllidia schupporum A dorsal view of preserved specimen (same orientation as living animal in Plate 9 with head to the left) B detail of lateral tubercles and margin (lower) of specimen (enlarged from photograph of the living specimen C ventral view of holotype (M. Schroedl) D, E oral tentacles, ' lips' and anterior foot margin of specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
, courtesy of M
<normalizedToken id="7E701B693B1284772C96C9F93C87DFDE" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="995F48D0C5F966269E69C2B594A18BDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A dorsal incision to remove the very thick notum revealed a digestive system (Fig.
<figureCitation id="00B05C60FF21D3558065636F6093F452" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllidia schupporum, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
) similar of that of other species of the genus excluding the
<taxonomicName id="C5ECF25AE264D2A9D69215A1E056280F" class="Gastropoda" family="Dendrodorididae" genus="Dendrodoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrodoris multituberculata" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="multituberculata">
<emphasis id="A71E5B8E0EE9713D66AC4F0FB037DE35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrodoris multituberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boettger, 1918 complex [e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="3EF8AF8348F83BD21A3EBAA89F1BB0CB" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. varicosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
<emphasis id="2C37A6FF2D20F0BA5ABD98FFC53D5D94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. varicosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32264A46043208CCF0C9DC78AA336DFD" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. alyta" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alyta">
<emphasis id="4056A5C3FD572D4ABD585F8476821FB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. alyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Yonow, 1996: figs 7-9),
<taxonomicName id="AAFE04180D1D02919E5D7A4DA6423C01" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coelestis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coelestis">
<emphasis id="85F1AFB5440A69B853CF00A0A345BD48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coelestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bergh, 1905 (
<bibRefCitation id="60F7FD4D787077FBE649A3D632042BEF" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="905 - 956" publicationUrl="http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" refId="B37" refString="Yonow, N, 2011. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 15. The suborder Doridina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 85: 905 - 956, http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part 15. The suborder Doridina (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)." url="http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=zoomed;idno=8504a17" volume="85" year="2011">Yonow 2011</bibRefCitation>
: figs 14, 15),
<taxonomicName id="26B76D2B55FEC3654646885BA458C03B" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. koehleri" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis id="8C9B6A71148BE293F91880BC387E6828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. koehleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Perrone, 2000 (
<bibRefCitation id="87AFE1AC7DE2CA2E7D30E8319CA0F4BF" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 129" publicationUrl="http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" refId="B38" refString="Yonow, N, 2012. Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean localities, with descriptions of two new species and eleven new records (Mollusca: Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1 - 129, http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" title="Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean localities, with descriptions of two new species and eleven new records (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1728/" volume="197" year="2012">Yonow 2012</bibRefCitation>
: fig 19)] and matches the drawing by
<bibRefCitation id="8B7F44BDB3FAC3CFF13D0949F7F93E4F" author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken id="2A9E8F82789E7E0908B732A772F9B2B0" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2). The pharyngeal bulb is creamy yellow and bears an upside-down U-shaped concavity on the dorso-posterior side; this is where the retractor muscles attachments and the small pharynx originate. The creamy-white blood gland lies in or over this concavity. The bursa copulatrix (left sphere) is a solid yellowish colour.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3600A6D19531A39EA2614AA3DEC18D9F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="102FD0FB533BC90FE79BAC4D34119596" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3986A4DB2AF4B7081A1798691BD6AA16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D0C51D88BA63C9F8A73498A34B3D23CA" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="501A1AE2470B9E77B8E4F6628C0DD0F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, drawing of the digestive anatomy, also showing the genitalia (in heavier ink).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D27590F9B83979363485F8594FB148" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="38E52162F5B6C177A556A4F372E67CC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4721BB67E5C32417421BA1F3ACA703B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The external details of this specimen described in this work clearly fit those given for the holotype by
<bibRefCitation id="AEAD5F2DCD838A217A0AD677C42F8FAA" author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
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(2000b)
</bibRefCitation>
despite the preponderance of black and the lack of orange- or yellow-tipped oral tentacles: as no orange/yellow pigment remains on the dorsum of the preserved specimen it is not surprising that the oral tentacles have lost their pigmentation. The species is distinctive, recognised in
<bibRefCitation id="1D35CFEB0AB54D39A65460C60738AD2C" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow (2008)</bibRefCitation>
from photographs (see also references listed in the synonymy). Whilst this specimen is much darker than both the holotype and the available photographs, it does bear the diagnostic characters of three large, tall, spiculose, and pustulose orange/yellow-tipped tubercles along the dorsal midline, the presences of a smaller one posterior to the anus, two longitudinal black lines with at least one transverse band, an anterior black Y-shaped mark originating between the rhinophores and extending to the anterior margin, three or four white semi-circular areas on the margin on each side, orange/yellow rhinophores, and no black line on the sole of the foot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED10E699B54F2C973409A6470DD182D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The individuals photographed (Plates
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,
<figureCitation id="A09D62C7970FA6F3B050A59F3F7BFE02" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A6593A5D93F0130704FFE9AC9231D6C6" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
) are most similar to the holotype, but the black markings are thinner. In four individuals, there are three complete transverse lines (Plates
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,
<figureCitation id="0189CD6416BD6AF5ABEF47544C7D4930" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0397FDFA9B1B09FF8F1F6A1F8F10CE66" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0A1D0FB002A590CFFFDFEA68F2C3A0AF" captionStart="Plates 9–14" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plates 9 - 14. Phyllidia schupporum, specimen and individuals illustrating variations 9 dorsal view of living specimen, Sha'ab Dorfa, 7 Sept 2010 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 10 Sha'arm el Sheikh, 15 Apr 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 11 Makadi Bay, 9 Aug 2014 (photograph Hsini Lin) 12 Sha'arm el Sheikh, Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 13 Sha'ab Mahmoud / Beacon Rock, 9 Oct 2012 (photograph S. Kahlbrock) 14 Eilat, Israel, 4 Sept 2015 (photograph R. Amar)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plates9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489453" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
) which match the incomplete bands of the holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D709C1A6AE6A2D801B3F245CBC31C29D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Internally, the digestive system is as described and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="069F2F8341314C968C7BB93D1EB2684F" author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken id="7086A648707E77B75858216606971680" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2, 3) but it no longer retains any bright orange-red colour that they described in the freshly collected animal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FFD9A44B7D167AD960BFB66FA95ADDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
One additional character for
<taxonomicName id="E0DC7FF1FEB75AB219B5765D9C30C431" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="886B3F2C006F01C042F7255045CEE742" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
observed from this material should be added to its diagnosis: there is an orange or yellow border present on the mantle margin which is usually very patchy: it can be almost absent or almost entire with only small breaks. It is in fact present as one patch on the coloured illustration of the holotype (
<bibRefCitation id="6779ABAC4D5BDBF39DFE4C0DF5B566E8" author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken id="3291DDB0B3024B6FEAC4DAC94C2F756B" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
2000b
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1) just
<normalizedToken id="E0896EB2276ABADDFE958D8A4E40F0D4" originalValue="‘above’">'above'</normalizedToken>
the tip of the right rhinophore. Of the records presented here, all images examined at high magnification also show at least small marginal patches of orange or yellow. Therefore, all records of
<taxonomicName id="28C96C3784888F2B5AE50AD72268607D" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="Fryeria">Phyllidia (Fryeria) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
(Bergh, 1869) from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman must now be re-examined considering this new observation. The illustrated individual from Kuwait (
<bibRefCitation id="BC6377F9317513C66582CADB864A974D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" author="Nithyanandan, M" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B22" refString="Nithyanandan, M, 2012. New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Marine Biodiversity Records 5: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" title="New and rare nudibranch records from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000954" volume="5" year="2012">Nithyanandan 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 5, fig. 6) clearly belongs to
<taxonomicName id="F53EB9586C90CAE8FA7DB7C3BBE914FB" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="FF55D83B05F80F6F9E36C4B5F950DD31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not to
<taxonomicName id="A20233234DE2DC6260F3E84E02E54C79" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
due to the three high spiculose and tuberculate central tubercles and the dorsal black pattern, indicating that
<taxonomicName id="7C2D5EDCA687224D42F5169F7D15E336" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="55FA497BEED2A1A8ED25FA5F42E8682A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may not be endemic to the Red Sea. Individuals depicted in several photographs examined from the United Arab Emirates can be attributed to
<taxonomicName id="19B467B150D7CF94A4855FCB805A97B8" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="086F392EB14275308F2939D074341E48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Carole Harris, Sydney, Australia, pers. comm.). There are transverse bands present in some of her images and there are extensions to the sides forming white semi-circular areas as in
<taxonomicName id="97A96E2EAF62155DA38E073B6B999BD9" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
. Apart from
<taxonomicName id="50CC7A077DA65B2FEEF85C26F79377B3" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (F.) rueppelii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">P. (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
, there are no other species in the Red Sea which have an orange or yellow margin; however, the black pattern is different in the two species.
<taxonomicName id="7695C081045D09708F01673C80FC0A41" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia (F.) rueppelii" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rueppelii" subGenus="F.">Phyllidia (F.) rueppelii</taxonomicName>
has three rows of central tubercles with a more linear black pattern, and it has a ventral anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="512379348A3F78DB041ACD87ECBB7250" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The individuals and holotype with less black are similar to the Indo-West Pacific
<taxonomicName id="F44D5D4FF3C2C184EA1A072844F35FCB" authorityName="Brunckhorst" authorityYear="1993" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="432115DFAE4DB71DF7E588ECA21EB7B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brunckhorst, 1993, also noted by
<bibRefCitation id="A0D8FE92041AD8EA87D2A29A10F9E300" author="Fahrner, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" refId="B16" refString="Fahrner, A, Schroedl, M, 2000b. Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae). Spixiana 23 (1): 55 - 60, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" title="Description of Phyllidia schupporum, a new nudibranch species from the northern Red Sea (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae)." url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Schroedl/publication/264705808_Phyllidia_schupporum_a_new_nudibranch_species_from_the_northern_Red_Sea_Gastropoda_Opisthobranchia/links/57223c9508aee491cb32e2b9/Phyllidia-schupporum-a-new-nudibranch-species-from-the-northern-Red-Sea-Gastropoda-Opisthobranchia.pdf" volume="23" year="2000 b">
Fahrner and
<normalizedToken id="C315BA3B8FAE6B18372CC8BA9B55609C" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000b)
</bibRefCitation>
but the Red Sea
<taxonomicName id="CD9EE50A1E7B82363CCFE45821620AB1" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="65F994DB2690D7DF713BADB5708769CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs externally, having only two (instead of three or four) curved black longitudinal lines extending from the fronto-lateral mantle margins to the posterio-lateral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="914B71542B6B54BEF6EBA65CF69B6435" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="85F053889C51DA0BBC73EB675381CFD0" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="099EA47F38E84E99412CCE957A49DB4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar with its light and dark variations to the images of a species identified as
<taxonomicName id="8F8A5D8A6C5B5E19150C734FFE23C124" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="96AE28DF408D0ADBF25AFEB784E9C409" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Hawaii, which is probably a new species (
<bibRefCitation id="F25324FCA13F5E95539DBF1E2C81B90D" author="Pittman, C" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" refId="B24" refString="Pittman, C, Fiene, P, 1999. Phyllidiaexquisita Brunckhorst, 1993. http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" title="Phyllidiaexquisita Brunckhorst, 1993." url="http://seaslugsofhawaii.com/species/Phyllidia-exquisita-a.html" year="1999">Pittman and Fiene 1999</bibRefCitation>
). It is remotely possible that the Red Sea species and the Hawaiian ones are the same, as they resemble each other externally including the very dark variants. However, given their very disjunct localities and that both regions have high levels of endemism, the same identity is unlikely but further collections will eventually resolve this issue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A47ECF1DFD5D1FE8BF7F8823E9D5B74F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D7EC099C80B9461E9BDCC468DA4D2991" authorityName="Fahrner &amp; Schroedl" authorityYear="2000" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="FA89A0C04316CDF4C0310743EF984856" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare species in the Red Sea, with only two known specimens and several photographed individuals in the last forty years. It was not present in the more recent collections in the southern half of the Red Sea (e.g., Sanganeb 1991 by T. Paulus; Farasan banks 2017 by KAUST) but was recorded as early as the 1980s (single photograph by Pam Kemp in
<bibRefCitation id="85FF53DC8ECD99D2F39596FE3D51C5B3" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2008. Sea Slugs of the Red Sea. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow (2008)</bibRefCitation>
from the Jeddah area, central Red Sea). There are photographs on the internet from the northern Red Sea which have been variously identified as
<taxonomicName id="761E74CDF5FAB71EEB398F858917C605" lsidName="F. rueppelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rueppelii">
<emphasis id="84E803025F461E2FFE4979AD9AED5B7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. rueppelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F545E536776F311C19D8FDF00118F36E" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">P. cf. exquisita</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="91F060F8F29667DD2D16BC88A53FCC09" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">
<emphasis id="8DC69384148D065B55FD297A84F755E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. schupporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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