435 lines
52 KiB
XML
435 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7792a598-e191-4448-a4e7-59cfacc6dda4" ID-PMC="PMC9848674" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1121-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" ID-PubMed="36760760" ID-ZooBank="15C9C77E688849BBBC57F7500EF2E06C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1121-175" checkinTime="1663323263830" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro, Quezada, Amanda, Vieira, Jose & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2022" docId="40F34958F8F55BD79218C051526D04A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1121: 175-210" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1121" docPubDate="2022-09-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539" docTitle="Atractus michaelsabini Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" masterDocTitle="Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1732483665966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6E65A930264FA1B25CA7F28EA35EAB47">Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9906102C334C41AA19A4A2D66CD716EC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2F050E3FBE4AFEEDF6B64333EA92280E">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8980254F4A412668CADC00924900C38F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3B66E52DA6304B90CA88E43E4BD3CF5">Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="73738D4ABE3CFF6517E2B3E82A5451C5" type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4029596A3C96802B28B8FDE2986072B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9F193F19BD79B20AB215ABCACA1EE782">Quezada, Amanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="449526C900510EFEC31BFFB28BDC76E4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9121-2583</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5AACFB083DDF88D2217756EBE44FD758">Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="207FB303B96699FD4B908A69FD18DB9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF0A7057F0CEB3E362C56D3BA7DB44C">Vieira, Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="29C1CF75A5BE5FD69FC56C5723508CD9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-0362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5C2182A610E64C3CFD6A1317C0D4FE58">ExSitu, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="525CC22970B4B9562F74AFD1EF62C10F">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D94F41326BE0177C60BF6F1EB8CAD4A">Laboratorio de Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Biosfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E007C35CB76A6E80CEF9548A1D7F89CF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="02F2163CA65690433F2CF4A3C55C1049">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D6C2BAE61C7021EDF025D208B2AE75B">2022-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="661D23A691757C7DDDA0DD6B787F53E8">1121</mods:number>
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<treatment id="40F34958F8F55BD79218C051526D04A4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200621677" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40F34958F8F55BD79218C051526D04A4" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" scope_family="Colubridae">
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<subSubSection id="7396643000DDE4DCE43C3F3A3AF0FD25" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EBF5E334BE27B05F4A127A79322DA204" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="DDB43FCDFBEB5056CEC0062E3A94808F" ID-CoL="C6FGM" LSID="https://zoobank.org/E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini" status="sp. nov.">Atractus michaelsabini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="89DE3AD23B848F5F9C2AAF1320C97370" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7627C1EEEDF385BEA1B2BA51BA4CFD73" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DF8057174CDB6BB758D16681465B28FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<figureCitation id="C276DEF1273FD751738D1CF6C794C25C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9973AA4AFC926D5B8C1AB99A4925C8F4" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F44DA44A0C48778E00D757A269959231" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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, 10f-h Proposed standard English name: Michael
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<normalizedToken id="1C8EE6369DA4B08B3BFB286DE81CC339" originalValue="Sabin’s">Sabin's</normalizedToken>
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Ground Snake. Proposed standard Spanish name: Culebra tierrera de Michael Sabin.
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CEAFD460ED3C2F239469BBF8F8C524" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="12B1B578340E957A2FDF4CD2D84C0C2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="B0A76A5BF227382E2340967A3936D40C" authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus roulei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roulei" status="sp. nov.">Atractus roulei</taxonomicName>
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Savage, 1960: 68 (part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5058A2001D451EBBCD08FB61AE3E9C2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="D6EC829AFE84E5305D5786455DF4362D" authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus lehmanni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehmanni" status="sp. nov.">Atractus lehmanni</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="55B44E51612096DF4CDEF5F1C2C6D993" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" author="Arteaga, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="91 - 123" refId="B7" refString="Arteaga, A, Mebert, K, Valencia, JH, Cisneros-Heredia, DF, Penafiel, N, Reyes-Puig, C, Vieira-Fernandes, JL, Guayasamin, JM, 2017. Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa. ZooKeys 661: 91 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" title="Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" volume="661" year="2017">Arteaga et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: 97.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EC2EA62DC97105B221EC4E83F11742C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="6C9AF2305ECF924E8428EA68387D076D" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6093CB5CED03B9B326AFA94C3C494606" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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ZSFQ 4938 (Figs
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<figureCitation id="F3B930B805B3BC4958F8A09B6E107118" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0011405F3C0A9A9BF15CC28B8FF3A55A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3D8619B391773DD5ED645D0FCFE68C58" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10g</figureCitation>
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), adult male collected by Jorge Luis Romero at Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate id="D0369DC235A7CA9B74A0B5A253BA95B2" degrees="3.3874" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3874">S3.3874</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4142DEABF1AD3010C71D15E9F27F1CBB" degrees="79.22785" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.22785">W79.22785</geoCoordinate>
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; 2660 m).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9FB4DC39F95296920CBCCAC26B269C73" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph id="918F4262193A36D31850783CDA906874" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="3A38881D758286CE1ABABFE16533F480" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Adult male holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="B513EAB6C36FA3BE7DE719719973BEEB" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
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<emphasis id="50F185E17A0690D26EF11C1F4D4E2771" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in
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<emphasis id="8FDFCA43545DCF9667F7CFB2F11289B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
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dorsal and
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<emphasis id="F4539FAB67DADE9C90654C8F58101ADB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
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ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="E01C9D993A2FCCB29BCBF047FACB2681" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="BBA0A456ABE35EED8D6450E05EA53C76" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="2A4DCF22AF1D5B865181D2491622DDE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Head of the adult male holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="FF59CFCC73D472CDFD494FD1F3E5C818" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
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<emphasis id="D017BB2B592007382ABB969E36590440" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in
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<emphasis id="F76205649D5DC47FB5C7CF533E4F2C42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
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dorsal
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<emphasis id="B8351D7F73E88C04CD1B767AE5C4DE3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
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ventral
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<emphasis id="C70A58EDE707A30C23CF9DC83732ABF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
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lateral right, and
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<emphasis id="6AAFE0E40B0E2B28EDE2FC869F2AFDC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">d</emphasis>
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lateral left view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73EF7426436D446F5AF33C097C7441C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="30136836B42F2D65C2AE11DDF3C4B4D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B9CE1213D3471A0C73EA6429015DA3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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MZUTI 5289, adult female collected by Jorge Luis Romero at the type locality. AMARU 002 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C34DE2B73206768B79DCFD80FD903D98" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10f</figureCitation>
|
||
), adult female collected by Jorge Luis Romero at the type locality. ZSFQ 4939 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FB89F3DC94478FB2FD9AFBE393BD2D3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10h</figureCitation>
|
||
), juvenile female collected by Jose Vieira and Amanda Quezada at El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D9F7E8227E42E8073C219781ED57FF31" degrees="3.46753" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.46753">S3.46753</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="57E81AE1F294805B49A23360369D1686" degrees="79.48248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.48248">W79.48248</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2750 m). QCAZ 7887 and 7902, adult male and female collected by Silvia
|
||
<normalizedToken id="708C8A6CBF25F7AD9F038A62EDB3BD60" originalValue="Aldás">Aldas</normalizedToken>
|
||
in December 2006 at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="265163EF0147727B9A8FEBA9F4A3F473" originalValue="Guanazán">Guanazan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, El Oro province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="93B0A3D00C5B9BE3103CE937620CA6DE" degrees="3.44667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.44667">S3.44667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2889A581348D0E1D41F08A72F7970554" degrees="79.49051" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.49051">W79.49051</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2663 m). QCAZ 9643 and 9652, adult females collected by Silvia
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0D6AFA7678AC346D8D0B809C47B9825" originalValue="Aldás">Aldas</normalizedToken>
|
||
in August 2009 at El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B6EDCC5057A9AF8A5DC52D5E835ECE8" degrees="3.46753" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.46753">S3.46753</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6B35E8B55C896BB3A89462BD421977B3" degrees="79.48248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.48248">W79.48248</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2775 m). DHMECN 7644-45, adult males collected by Mario
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8822E0B7B6D4C5AF952E7EBE391E7604" originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Luis Oyagata, Patricia Bejarano, and Marco Altamirano in March 2010 at Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF8430C4CD8CFD65879D088F65518E05" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Yunguilla, Azuay province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="21754FCF3A3EBCF3FAF1F432BE11191C" degrees="3.22684" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.22684">S3.22684</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="72303504B34AE579DB83514C83F4051F" degrees="79.27520" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.2752">W79.27520</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1748 m). AMNH 18325, adult female collected in July 1920 at El Chiral, El Oro province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="568470BFFDC09830490627A1905327F3" degrees="3.63825" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.63825">S3.63825</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="14EB6B5635C02F68067CD1B779E1308C" degrees="79.59723" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.59723">W79.59723</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1841 m). AMNH 22110-11, collected in August 1921 at La Chonta, El Oro province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F7C1A773CD2BE2780BC394B5F14137D5" degrees="3.56585" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.56585">S3.56585</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89206446BA2B022EB7DD9DCD3A343DA0" degrees="79.85144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.85144">W79.85144</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1025 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BE2660A1746DB40930FB9F16BBE7A0A6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="75C6A928F8A93ACA918AAE1334914BE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D4255FFE824669E759651E3ABB76CB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of living specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5BB122F5036686EF26F3288E95008E8" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus roulei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF95F7EB92A978711FA81B281EA5359F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B2836D73A73B24BCAAD39A55CA3B10D" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C9C170D58A2E6F8A61D4A66317DE34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="17F9A7955546885DCE588F7692D074DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="752049AB69C0C41C6930C4BBF8CE0B03" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6259CC360B55924A2EB797E1F3E4E63D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4942 from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B00ECB55F87E62A00263A67693E4C5C" originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="323123EC552791569B3CD53BA414ABC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D787A1AEC4AEAB9789FC91B66B449D" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D3E31D3E862F2AE624D55577DFCCD9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4944 from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C7E7941F720C102D147DB60615D9923" originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="61CC5BF163C3E9678ABCC779F6DC04BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFE3DD9086031D96F62FE9A9C5FA8D03" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="78D436AD2B802EA406A64A20F54FD0A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4941 from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F6D5BDF34FE4DAB1A017A792E77B5A9" originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="389863AF67FCD99604FE4DD924309548" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">d</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="033C80768FAFC800D4FC58184E73963B" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5906D20AE916FABB305C3415C7E4B80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4945 from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFEACE06286DDAD97AC73D767BB14E60" originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="9B223BE1678B066B12ED6F3E1B4C7FBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">e</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="116F3A47213C8D5D59BD68BFE973A21C" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DBFC3016159F4C9F13FF9CFED9C4BDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68AA81C0424B3AD3C29D57A853D33FC2" originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="4FC928946AE590870942BEEBA78D3F20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">f</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9543AB7554288E06C61325FD17DC9F1A" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="6827C19C599592342A2C77B47770F1D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis id="6A600675536A3647DB70B8F7D0636CD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">g</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2668C4A5831AAA7A6AE2C68B48B44BF1" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="40E5EB8DD6469E206AB1139B81AA006A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and
|
||
<emphasis id="36E09B15BEDE27E8447B3D8EB2BFEA2B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">h</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98092D82DEC5C760E9C28E6F0853406E" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C0DACF2045ECEA1349E6FA57EEB3DE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BAB05BA233AAB301DE3D7A647DC364C" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="440763DD2B341FBCC0D5CBE46F97CB12" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="875846A2642DEFBF9F2B8B3F5226E8D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B4A9A80F9EA22F4A29BE7889E7789C" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E6A73AD6B81728556FB91A76886F274" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5517B1121F36758F4E6BFB243F966DBF" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B75F5E30650F1FF7260BE25CB8AF8C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as diagnosed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB8A1348152AE7FC3A6D238C07007C36" author="Savage, JM" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 184" refId="B76" refString="Savage, JM, 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the Colubrid genus Atractus. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology. University of Michigan 112: 1 - 184" title="A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the Colubrid genus Atractus. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology." volume="112" year="1960">Savage (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA5BDA0AC348C5C5BD15BB18FEDCB599" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Atractus inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of 3,985 bp of DNA (gene fragments 16 S, CYTB, ND 4, C-MOS, NT 3, and RAG 1). Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in the map of Fig. 2. New or resurrected species are indicated in bold type." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744139" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals; (2) one postocular; (3) loreal 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="291D47F9D4E57561AC164488CB3E4BB6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) five or six supralabials, with (usually) third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) five or six infralabials, with (usually) first three contacting chinshields; (7) 9-13 maxillary teeth; (8) 1-3 rows of gular scales; (9) 1-3 preventrals; (10) 143-144 ventrals in males and 144-153 in females; (11) 24-31 subcaudals in males and 17-19 in females; (12) dorsal ground color golden yellow (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E4575CE4D415F9BD243A348E2949933" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D8AAFA1D073E88CE219681141283A3D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10f-g</figureCitation>
|
||
) to dark brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B729D81087A5992421341DBF237B7041" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10h</figureCitation>
|
||
) with each scale outlined in black, forming a reticulation; (13) venter yellowish with various degrees of brown stippling (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="32FD5575A6209B892DE9A9EC0EB41A75" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8b</figureCitation>
|
||
); (14) 256-321 mm SVL in males and 201-392 mm SVL in females; (15) 35-42 mm TL in males and 21-37 mm TL in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0F2F8C110B60A85B6A1377973799DB0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="640FF1C90535EAA3589F6BAB67D19D93" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7585C09D7E53648D482E64DF8240D2A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA4D3046E36A38062A22154DFB5E7EFF" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FAC443DE7B6D9D59E6F6EC447F78A73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is compared to other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A69BA9E76A3DA66472BF6CAFF090986F" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="04E5B2DFE8A61435FCE5F9AE81E82725" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A0235A038E473E7566FC7FCEC12B75" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1930" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus carrioni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2153CD3D4D5DC621712B4E628DB4A55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D86C76CAF6BFB3C5F2DD527B925AA2EA" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B5CC0297809706B7E27980789E8ACD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E996FFF54AE50FDB25A50D2AD8F136E" lsidName="A. carrioni" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C4DE620C377C5DF03A6604CDF99BA47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species differs in having a loreal scale (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="03B000BF845871F84F406DC79FA291E3" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06B916DE60E94CD943A6413F7E933C68" lsidName="A. carrioni" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="6255033B2E8A532531A4B8A49A4DCB78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C93D4D81453F6709B4599D99DBBFED5" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E59F9129DA1BE260E3479774D2FB05D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F38F441C34E2F6A75745B4096FE858" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10a-e</figureCitation>
|
||
), the new species differs in having a dorsal pattern in which each scale is outlined in a thin black line, thus creating a reticulation, and by having the prefrontal scale in broad contact with the postnasal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5C287C5928CCB8417FEA86E86285EF9" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (not in contact or barely in contact in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47769E66C5F7E4C1F7F7B28CE99E9092" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C639DC03C74CE8C703B838EACEFD6B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, the existence of the bright golden yellow morph in adult individuals has so far been recorded only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="903AD3DA3EF94EB19A91A5506258C4BD" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A19FB8791C97E5D0E9BD8C71DD201C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B0B06086FA2801B2A74A52F6E814ED1" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE4C56835FAE72087DA892893FC957A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where adults are dark brown dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B477975639C179221D511C219BD1B83" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10a-e</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8BB977381A1082A873C9C77896C59BE" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8E14159FF322FA617FB21077E4E6C35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a black spot at the base of each dorsal scale, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="165F846BE01EE6D2482E4A19D6E5B320" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC369632CAEC38CC7EE1432678F9FF6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the spot is at the tip of each dorsal scale and is connected to the black reticulum. Genetic divergence in a 578 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial CYTB gene between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71DCE69B6B7FACA86D669ECD4F1BB039" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CC89E9724A36C008420F6811271F8E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6B92BD28FA481AF12BC827F5E1D1AB4" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="3462D8BBC250BBD84CD410ECE210ECC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.5-7.2%, whereas intraspecific distances are 0-4.5% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A1FB1DE43EE5A4E2AEBF7CD02272173" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="349456A4DEA2473A0E1E225ABA4B559E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and 0-4.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDA8463BD1459B5A2B49D848896379E" lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="557C42BC0A91C084B605690FC1620463" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1D86B9722FF0B1B5AD566AE2CB143D07" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85E0FB56FF3B147BD007513ABDC40A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2CA3ADA10986358C31C52659DA117C2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Adult male, SVL 256 mm, tail length 39 mm (15.2% SVL); body diameter 7.4 mm; head length 10.7 mm (3.1% SVL); head width 6.4 mm (2.5% SVL); interocular distance 3.7 mm; head slightly distinct from body; snout-orbit distance 3.5 mm; rostral 1.9 mm wide, ca. as broad as high; internasals 1.0 mm wide; prefrontals 2.0 mm wide; frontal 3.0 mm wide, with a curvilinear triangular shape in dorsal view; parietals 2.9 mm wide (65% length); nasal divided; loreal 2.2 mm long, ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="439E3A1E4B528337D417A76EC0416438" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; eye diameter 1.4 mm; pupil round; supraoculars 1.3 mm wide; one postocular; temporals 1+2; five supralabials, third contacting orbit; symphysial 1.7 mm wide, ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="99AAE1E9431FFA3DAE6CDED677C43F50" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as broad as long, separated from chinshields by first pair of infralabials; five infralabials, first three contacting chinshields; chinshields ~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1A579B6F7B60556CDEAAEEF4E86D9FAC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad, posterior chinshields absent; dorsal scales arranged in 15/15/15 rows, smooth without apical pits; no preventrals; ventrals 143; anal plate single; 31 paired subcaudals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DD8600FB820D47149E8BD716FB69949" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="E22D77CF44FC1D99328CB3737353005D" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17C848B4E5637D0A28066E0B926E8950" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Most individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A844D7266A04A061E54FD5B3812D068" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C885A6F1D2CA1EA5F80E3F1894A0BD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found during the day hidden under rocks, mats of rotten vegetation, or buried in soft soil in pastures and maize plantations close to remnants of native forest. At night, they have been seen crossing forest trails. At the type locality, clutches of three or four eggs have been found under soil (Jorge Luis Romero, pers. comm.). Anecdotal information suggests that these snakes are more active during the rainy months (February-May at the type locality; Jorge Luis Romero, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4CD07637500F93963349823B8C2F3627" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9D597702497B8FF5DF396EBB7DFE59B" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E61ECD5061A61EA35D27DC90DF55D074" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5800183B5DACFDC2FE6DE55A55853D4C" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="870E64024D168BC14F50D0F0801B8C9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is endemic to an estimated 2,530 km2 area along the Pacific slopes of the Andes in southwestern Ecuador. The species occurs in the xeric inter-Andean valley of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDA116D01C746E1F05EE6483DACA1C53" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Jubones as well as on the slopes of the Cordillera de Chilla.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="213180D3AC4B14DF92DDAC67E58F1CD8" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E7FA76E954731915CA56DE834BDE6D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from provinces Azuay, El Oro, and Loja, and has been recorded at elevations between 927 and 2922 a.s.l. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8901DD74AA84B51996180C512CA34CEE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Atractus arangoi, A. roulei, A. michaelsabini sp. nov., A. zgap sp. nov., and A. discovery sp. nov. in Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. White dots represent localities listed under Suppl. material 1. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744140" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D58F68ACD1302487E8D8629F9468E2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A34FC3548250349EBE0DCC73EF84DBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F664CF435D8C6FEE5143E9A88B8EEDCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A58338336D18B4EA9FD56ACEBA82F9C5" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="5116FA6E75D148AD4A525D7F5D8AB8FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym honoring a young nature lover, Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F537701E340FD005C864361CA1153950" originalValue="“Andy”">"Andy"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Sabin. The Sabin family is involved in conservation and field research of amphibians and reptiles and has protected over 264,365 acres of critical habitat throughout the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BF7035B1014F4BBDF116EC597E33598" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="B21F040B37714EF192D53AA97135D56B" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58F72631E66367108E68E9B67E134A7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F9468BE4CEA5F35F54D97E8ACC171FB" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="05A92FDCFA7904A16117D40590744B19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1a, b (i, iii) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B622148512DCC2A7C58459FA73305EF6" author="Hijmans, RJ" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Climatology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B37" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp." year="2005">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21E5CD5E6163CC2187B777820D9C5255" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
extent of occurrence is estimated to be much less than 5,000 km2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F191D671167B8FFC46562EA174CC2306" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Atractus arangoi, A. roulei, A. michaelsabini sp. nov., A. zgap sp. nov., and A. discovery sp. nov. in Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. White dots represent localities listed under Suppl. material 1. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744140" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its habitat is severely fragmented and declining in extent and quality due to deforestation. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC87B6F4C52D67B37F715A7BA1523A0B" lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9B1EDC1D0EF9F0592A9214AA35527BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is present in two protected areas (private reserves Buenaventura and Yunguilla of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BAC1D3AB956A928011C8E79C7AEC2F9A" originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Jocotoco), nine of the 14 localities where the species has been recorded (Suppl. material 1: Table S1) are in heavily human-modified areas. Based on maps of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9B18DEA7BB9258D4D4EFF212D461C93" originalValue="Ecuador’s">Ecuador's</normalizedToken>
|
||
vegetation cover (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55A06AF60CEB0A9543129BE98DD2136D" author="Loughlin, NJD" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="MAE (2012) Linea base de deforestacion del Ecuador continental.Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, 30 pp." year="2018">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we estimate that nearly 70% of the forest cover throughout the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F09909A9855AD30C04F2B2910F8FF33" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
potential distribution area has been destroyed, mostly due to the expansion of the agricultural frontier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |