422 lines
58 KiB
XML
422 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BB798BE175F463446E40F590600CDE24">Revision of the Antarctic species of Halecium Oken, 1815 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3E6287E02959FF982CA91CF73E8EFDB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119423373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6287E02959FF982CA91CF73E8EFDB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E6287E02959FF982CA91CF73E8EFDB4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91CF73D57FB6A" blockId="20.[151,614,1196,1255]" box="[151,614,1196,1222]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<heading id="ED3C819A2959FF9B2CA91CF73D57FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,614,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91CF73D57FB6A" ID-CoL="3JB4X" authority="Vervoort, 1972" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,614,1196,1222]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
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<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91CF73D57FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,614,1196,1222]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91CF73E97FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,422,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium jaederholmi</emphasis>
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Vervoort, 1972
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91C953FDAFB4B" blockId="20.[151,614,1196,1255]" box="[151,235,1230,1255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2EF02A732959FF9B2CA11C953FD2FB4B" box="[159,227,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FED1657D2959FF9B2CA91D4D3D49FA48" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91D4D3B07FAC6" blockId="20.[151,1436,1302,1508]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82959FF9B2CA91D4D3B07FAC6" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91D4D3D7AFA80" ID-CoL="3JB4X" authority="Vervoort, 1972a: 21" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,587,1302,1324]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
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<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91D4D3E48FA80" box="[151,377,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium jaederholmi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2D411D4C3D7AFA80" author="Vervoort" box="[383,587,1302,1324]" page="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2D411D4C3D16FA80" author="Vervoort" box="[383,551,1302,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Vervoort, 1972a</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 2; 1972b: 343, fig. 2b, c;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2F401D4D3B03FA80" author="Millard" box="[894,1074,1302,1324]" page="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2F401D4D3B3CFA80" author="Millard" box="[894,1037,1302,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3A–B;
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B28911D4D3AA9FA80" author="Stepanjants" box="[1199,1432,1302,1324]" page="107" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B28911D4D3A57FA80" author="Stepanjants" box="[1199,1382,1302,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 107
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 20 fig. 6;
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2D771D6E3D44FAE7" author="Branch" box="[329,629,1333,1355]" page="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2D771D6E3D61FAE7" author="Branch" box="[329,592,1333,1355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Branch, M. L. & Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch & Williams, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 12
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig.;
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2E911D6E3C49FAE7" author="Blanco" box="[687,888,1333,1355]" page="156" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2E911D6E3C74FAE7" author="Blanco" box="[687,837,1333,1355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1994 a) Enumeracion sistematica y distribucion geografica preliminar de los Hydroida de la Republica Argentina suborden Athecata (Gymnoblastea, Anthomedusae), Thecata (Calyptoblastea, Leptomedusae) y Limnomedusae. Revista del Museo de La Plata (Zoologia), 14 (161), 181 - 216." type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="a">Blanco, 1994a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 156
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 1994b: 186–187;
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<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B280A1D6D3A51FAE7" author="Vervoort" box="[1076,1376,1333,1355]" page="86" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B280A1D6D3A0BFAE7" author="Vervoort" box="[1076,1338,1333,1355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538, figs. 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 86
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B29541D6D3EBDFAC6" author="Pena" page="769" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B29541D6D3E6BFAC6" author="Pena" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2004) How rich is the deep-sea Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna? Polar Biology, 27, 767 - 774. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0654 - 9" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 769
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 2008: 455, fig. 1c, d;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2E4F1D0F3CF9FAC6" author="El" box="[625,968,1364,1386]" page="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2E4F1D0F3C95FAC6" author="El" box="[625,932,1364,1386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="El Beshbeeshy, M. & Jarms, G. (2011) Thecate hydroids from the Patagonian shelf (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa, Thecata). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 46, 19 - 233." type="journal article" year="2011">El Beshbeeshy & Jarms, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 35
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–38, fig. 4.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91D293A3DFA24" blockId="20.[151,1436,1302,1508]" box="[151,1292,1394,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82959FF9B2CA91D293A3DFA24" box="[151,1292,1394,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91D293E52FA24" box="[151,355,1394,1416]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
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<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91D293E52FA24" box="[151,355,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium arboreum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2D421D293D7DFA24" author="Jaderholm" box="[380,588,1394,1416]" page="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2D421D293D19FA24" author="Jaderholm" box="[380,552,1394,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 11
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 5 fig. 4;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2EF21D283B10FA24" author="Naumov" box="[716,1057,1394,1416]" page="97" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1962">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2EF21D283CCAFA24" author="Naumov" box="[716,1019,1394,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Naumov, D. V. & Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov & Stepanjants, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 97
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Stepanjants, 1972: 71.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91DCA3D0BFA0B" blockId="20.[151,1436,1302,1508]" box="[151,570,1425,1447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82959FF9B2CA91DCA3D0BFA0B" box="[151,570,1425,1447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91DCA3E6FFA0B" ID-CoL="3JB6T" box="[151,350,1425,1447]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91DCA3E6FFA0B" box="[151,350,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2D461DCA3D07FA0B" author="Ritchie" box="[376,566,1425,1447]" page="524" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1907">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2D461DCA3D32FA0B" author="Ritchie" box="[376,515,1425,1447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (2), 519 - 545, pls 1 - 3. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 524
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91DEB3BF2FA6A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1302,1508]" box="[151,1219,1456,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82959FF9B2CA91DEB3BF2FA6A" box="[151,1219,1456,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
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||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91DEB3E93FA6A" ID-CoL="3JB5F" box="[151,418,1456,1478]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocephalum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91DEB3E93FA6A" box="[151,418,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium macrocephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2D821DEB3D5DFA6A" author="Ritchie" box="[444,620,1456,1478]" page="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1913">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2D821DEB3D79FA6A" author="Ritchie" box="[444,584,1456,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Ritchie, J. (1913) The hydroid zoophytes collected by the British Antarctic Expedition of Sir Ernest Shackleton, 1908. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 33 (1), 9 - 34." type="journal article" year="1913">Ritchie, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 18
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2E841DEB3CB5FA6A" author="Stechow" box="[698,900,1456,1478]" page="402" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2E841DEB3C60FA6A" author="Stechow" box="[698,849,1456,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse de Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546, figs. 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 402
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72959FF9B2FB01DEA3B8EFA6A" author="Rees" box="[910,1215,1456,1478]" page="108" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072959FF9B2FB01DEA3BBDFA6A" author="Rees" box="[910,1164,1456,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" refString="Rees, W. J. & Thursfield, S. (1965) The hydroid collection of James Ritchie. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, (B), 69 (1 - 2), 34 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080455 x 00010122" type="journal article" year="1965">Rees & Thursfield, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 108
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91D953D49FA48" blockId="20.[151,1436,1302,1508]" box="[151,632,1486,1508]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752959FF9B2CA91D953FCBFA48" ID-CoL="7P55M" box="[151,250,1486,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91D953FCBFA48" box="[151,250,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Halecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Stepanjants, 1972: 72–73, fig. 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FED1657D2959FF9B2CA91E4A3A31F9E2" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CA91E4A3A31F9E2" blockId="20.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CA91E4A3EB6F986" bold="true" box="[151,391,1553,1578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="697088542959FF9B2DAB1E4A3D31F986" box="[405,512,1553,1578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="D0DAAE332959FF9B2E2C1E493D57F985" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[530,614,1554,1577]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
7166,
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2EFF1E4A3CF5F986" bold="true" box="[705,964,1553,1578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Stn Vema 17 RD 12</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D3FF50312959FF9B2FE71E493B05F986" box="[985,1076,1554,1578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" precision="925" value="-44.316666">44°19’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D3FF50312959FF9B287D1E4A3B9BF986" box="[1091,1194,1553,1578]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" precision="925" value="-59.866665">59°52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(shelf south-east of Peninsula Valdés,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC76662959FF9B2D5D1E6E3EE6F9E2" box="[355,471,1589,1614]" name="Argentina" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="C27510362959FF9B2DD41E6E3D48F9E2" box="[490,633,1589,1614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" value="1961-06-13">13–06–1961</date>
|
||
, 183–
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132959FF9B2E851E6E3C34F9E1" box="[699,773,1589,1614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="366.0">366 m</quantity>
|
||
, several colony fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132959FF9B284F1E6E3BF1F9E1" box="[1137,1216,1589,1614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FED1657D2959FF9B2CF91E023B51F88A" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CF91E023B51F88A" blockId="20.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CF91E023E70F9DE" bold="true" box="[199,321,1625,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Strongly polysiphonic, dark-brown, irregularly branched stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132959FF9B28BC1E023BD5F9DD" box="[1154,1252,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Branches originating from hydrophore of primary hydrotheca. Hydrothecae alternately arranged in one plane. Hydrotheca at the end of short, adnate hydrophore. Hydrotheca barely widening distally; rim not everted. Adcauline hydrothecal wall adnate to internode and much larger than abcauline one. Hydrothecal aperture slightly directed downwards. A sessile secondary hydrotheca may be present. Female gonotheca kidney-shaped, with two hydrothecae, and up to six eggs. Cnidome consisting of microbasic mastigophores? and microbasic euryteles?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FED1657D2959FF9A2CF91F6A3C2FFD04" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9B2CF91F6A3B67F83E" blockId="20.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42959FF9B2CF91F6A3E68F8E6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1841,1866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The material belongs to at least six stems. Five stems arise from a shell fragment. Stems darkbrown, up to
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132959FF9B2D0A1F0E3E46F8C1" box="[308,375,1877,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in basal diameter, strongly polysiphonic all over the colony; only a few short side-branches monosiphonic. Polysiphony due to accessory tubes (sometimes in very high number).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62959FF9A2CF91FC63B47FF78" blockId="20.[151,1437,1553,2010]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="20" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Branching irregular, but alternate in one or two planes in some parts. Stems much branched, giving rise to lower-order branches, frequently strongly directed upwards (some completely vertical). Branches divided into internodes by slightly oblique alternate nodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2E9018CC3DC3FF1C" box="[686,754,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E). Hydrothecae alternately arranged in more or less one plane. Adcauline hydrothecal wall almost reaching distal node of internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2FCE18E73B03FF78" box="[1008,1074,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF918843ED3FE24" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
Hydrothecae resting on adnate hydrophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2EF218843C20FF54" box="[716,785,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E); ratio between adcauline length of hydrophore and diameter at diaphragm 0.5–1.0. Hydrotheca low, cylindrical, practically not widening distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2931195F3A69FEB0" box="[1295,1368,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E). Adcauline hydrothecal wall adnate and much larger than abcauline one, extending upwards on internode (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2951197C3F94FEC8" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E). Hydrothecal aperture slightly directed downwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2F5219173C89FEC8" box="[876,952,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B,E). Sometimes a sessile secondary hydrotheca present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2D4419343E8FFE24" box="[378,446,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF919CF3E43FE58" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
Female gonothecae present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2E2319CF3D57FE00" box="[541,614,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G), originating from lateral of hydrophore and resting on a short apophysis. Gonotheca kidney-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2E6919EC3DAFFE7C" box="[599,670,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G), with two hydrothecae at the concave side. Up to six eggs observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732958FF9A2D3519873E7FFE58" box="[267,334,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF919A43C2FFD04" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2CF919A43ED3FDB4" bold="true" box="[199,482,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2DD219A43D4DFDB4" box="[492,636,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
|
||
: diameter at aperture 180–210, diameter at diaphragm c. 190, height 15–25.
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2CD11A7F3E56FD91" box="[239,359,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Internodes</emphasis>
|
||
: length 670–800, diameter just below distal node 150–250.
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A28121A7F3B82FD91" box="[1068,1203,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Gonothecae</emphasis>
|
||
: height 1370–1500, maximum diameter c. 700, basal pedicel c. 100 x 100.
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2F381A1C3C5AFDCC" box="[774,875,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
: very abundant microbasic euryteles? with round ends [range
|
||
<date id="C27510362958FF9A2D1C1A373E5FFD28" box="[290,366,620,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" value="2011-10-09">9–11 x</date>
|
||
4–5, mean 10.0±0.5 x 4.5±0.3 (n=10); ratio, range 2.0–2.5, mean 2.2±0.1 (n=10)] and smaller microbasic mastigophores? with sharp ends (6–6.5 x 1.5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FED1657D2958FF982CF91AEF3E8EFDB4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91AEF3CB1FC94" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2CF91AEF3E0AFD61" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC76662958FF9A2D741AEF3E58FD60" box="[330,361,692,716]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated above
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2E011AEF3C75FD61" box="[575,836,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2E011AEF3C75FD61" box="[575,836,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Halecium brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2FC91AEE3B99FD61" box="[1015,1192,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2FC91AEE3B99FD61" box="[1015,1192,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they could be conspecific. Both have polysiphonic colonies characterized by the extremely low hydrothecae. Both also have hydrothecae with the adcauline wall projecting upwards, being much larger than the rest, and adnate to internode. Additionally, the larger nematocysts seem to be of the same range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91B1F3CF9FB98" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
There are, however, differences between both species. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2FEC1B1E3B4FFCF0" author="Watson" box="[978,1150,836,860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that “there is indication of desmocytes above the diaphragm” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2EE71B323CB4FC2C" box="[729,901,871,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2EE71B323CB4FC2C" box="[729,901,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I did not observe them. However, desmocytes are distinctly marked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2D8D1BD63D6EFC09" box="[435,607,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2D8D1BD63D6EFC09" box="[435,607,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, a sessile secondary hydrotheca is sometimes present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A29BF1BD63E2FFC64" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A29BF1BD63E2FFC64" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas no secondary hydrotheca has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2FA21BEA3B76FC64" box="[924,1095,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2FA21BEA3B76FC64" box="[924,1095,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A28681BEB3BCAFC64" author="Watson" box="[1110,1275,944,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also indicated “no marginal replications or linear series of hydrophores”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2F701B8F3B7EFC41" box="[846,1103,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2F701B8F3B7EFC41" box="[846,1103,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Halecium brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also characterized by the reddish stems, the distinctly longer first hydrothecate internode of the branches, and the more or less perpendicular arrangement of the lower-order branches in relation to the previous ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91C643AACFAA1" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2CF91C643E5FFBF4" author="Millard" box="[199,366,1087,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
undoubtedly found material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2EE21C1A3CB6FBF4" box="[732,903,1087,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2EE21C1A3CB6FBF4" box="[732,903,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She found female colonies agreeing perfectly with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="697088542958FF9A2D3E1C3E3E01FBD1" box="[256,304,1125,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. Colour from medium-brown to dark brown, with thick fascicled stems (up to
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132958FF9A29061C3F3A4DFBD0" box="[1336,1404,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base) up to
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132958FF9A2D9B1CDC3D32FB0C" box="[421,515,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. Stems “branching irregularly and in all planes”. Millard indicated that “internodes and hydrophores have a structure exactly like that illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A281A1CF63BD8FB68" author="Vervoort" box="[1060,1257,1196,1220]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Vervoort (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
except that no pseudodiaphragmata are present nor any secondary hydrophores”.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC76662958FF9A2FBF1C8B3C91FB44" box="[897,928,1232,1256]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
it has been shown above, there is actually no sign of pseudodiaphragm in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="697088542958FF9A2DC21CAF3D53FAA1" box="[508,610,1268,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2F3A1CAF3C98FAA0" author="Millard" box="[772,937,1268,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
up to six larvae are found in the gonothecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91D4C3C08FAD4" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2CF91D4C3EDDFA9C" author="Branch" box="[199,492,1303,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Branch, M. L. & Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch & Willians (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported this species from the Marion and Prince Edwards islands area, but the few characters provided by them seem to be taken from Millard’s (1977) description, so it is not possible to be completely sure about the correctness of their identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91DDF3BEAF980" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
Vervoort’s (1972b) material could correspond to another species. It consists of completely monosiphonic stems with yellowish perisarc. The hydrothecae seem to have the same height all around, and the adcauline side does not seem to fuse with the internode, contrary to what happens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="697088542958FF9A2F471D963C98FA49" box="[889,937,1485,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. Similarly, Stepanjants’s (1979: pl. 20 fig. 6) material, although polysiphonic in this case, may also correspond to a different species. Evidently, it would be necessary to re-examine all this material to assess whether it belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A28151E4E3BE2F981" box="[1067,1235,1556,1581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A28151E4E3BE2F981" box="[1067,1235,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91E623BF0F8E1" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
Due to the similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2E261E623DF3F9FC" box="[536,706,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2E261E623DF3F9FC" box="[536,706,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2EC91E623C92F9FC" box="[759,931,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2EC91E623C92F9FC" box="[759,931,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is not possible to be completely sure about the proper identification of some previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2EC91E063C93F9D9" box="[759,930,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2EC91E063C93F9D9" box="[759,930,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as those by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A284A1E073A0FF9D9" author="Jaderholm" box="[1140,1342,1628,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A29751E073FEAF934" author="Ritchie" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (2), 519 - 545, pls 1 - 3. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie (1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2CD81EDB3E10F934" author="Ritchie" box="[230,289,1664,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Ritchie, J. (1913) The hydroid zoophytes collected by the British Antarctic Expedition of Sir Ernest Shackleton, 1908. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 33 (1), 9 - 34." type="journal article" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2D0B1E243D39F934" author="Stepanjants" box="[309,520,1663,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2E001EDA3C18F934" box="[574,809,1664,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article">Peña Cantero (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2F0A1E243B7AF934" author="Ritchie" box="[820,1099,1663,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (2), 519 - 545, pls 1 - 3. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie (1907: 524–525)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for instance, indicated that in his material “the branches frequently have at their bases at least one athecate internode connecting the stem process with the hydrophore-bearing portions of the branch”.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC76662958FF9A2ECC1E933C20F94C" box="[754,785,1736,1760]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated above, this is one of the few features that allow by now to characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2DA01EB63D7BF8A9" box="[414,586,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2DA01EB63D7BF8A9" box="[414,586,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2F0C1EB73B3FF8A9" author="Ritchie" box="[818,1038,1772,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (2), 519 - 545, pls 1 - 3. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie (1907: 524)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that “rarely with a tier of one or two secondary hydrothecae” and that “inside of the limbus are situated small, light-refracting prominences”, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752958FF9A2D281F6E3EF0F8E1" box="[278,449,1844,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2D281F6E3EF0F8E1" box="[278,449,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">H. brevithecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
neither secondary hydrothecae nor desmocytes have been observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F62958FF9A2CF91F0C3CC9F814" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42958FF9A2CF91F0C3EC8F8DC" bold="true" box="[199,505,1879,1904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
It is difficult to establish its bathymetric and geographical distribution due to the uncertainty of some records. It has been found for sure at depths between 24 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A283E1F273B80F838" author="Vervoort" box="[1024,1201,1916,1940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Vervoort 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="71339B132958FF9A28CF1F273A09F838" box="[1265,1336,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A29781F273FE2F814" author="Millard" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gonothecae found in April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2E1C1FFB3D89F814" author="Millard" box="[546,696,1952,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072958FF9A2F061FFB3CDDF814" author="Vervoort" box="[824,1004,1952,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="264" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Vervoort 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E2B4667E295BFF992CA91FFA3DD0F858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="265" targetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F6295BFF992CA91FFA3DD0F858" blockId="22.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="22" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295BFF992CA91FFA3E24F81A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1953,1975]" pageId="22" pageNumber="265">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295BFF992D201FFA3D98F81B" authority="Vervoort, 1972" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1972" box="[286,681,1953,1975]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="265" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295BFF992D201FFA3D32F81B" box="[286,515,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="265">Halecium jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
Vervoort, 1972
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A–E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F–G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A–E), 500 µm (F–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67436F6295AFF982CF918CC3E8EFDB4" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Taking into account only the confirmed records,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295AFF982EC518C23C97FF1C" box="[763,934,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaederholmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295AFF982EC518C23C97FF1C" box="[763,934,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="266">H. jaederholmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to have a sub-Antarctic distribution, being known from the Magellan area, in particular from the Atlantic entrance of the Magellan Strait and off Peninsula Valdés (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982D5A18BB3D25FF54" author="Vervoort" box="[356,532,224,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Vervoort 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from the Kerguélen area, between Possession and Cochons (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF9828C918843AA1FF54" author="Millard" box="[1271,1424,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering also the unconfirmed previous records, this species would have a Pan-Antarctic distribution, since it has been also reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295AFF982DEB197C3D0CFEEC" box="[469,573,295,320]" name="Antarctica" pageId="23" pageNumber="266">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters, in particular off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295AFF982F6F197C3CC5FEEC" box="[849,1012,295,320]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="23" pageNumber="266">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF98283C197C3B8AFEEC" author="Jaderholm" box="[1026,1211,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Coats Land, in the Weddell Sea, and St Helena (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982DDF19173D46FEC8" author="Ritchie" box="[481,631,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45 (2), 519 - 545, pls 1 - 3. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Enderby Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982F0219173BB8FEC9" author="Naumov" box="[828,1161,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Naumov, D. V. & Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov & Stepanjants 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Arthur Harbor, Palmer Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982D0F192B3ED6FE24" author="Vervoort" box="[305,487,367,392]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972 b) Hydroids from submarine cliffs near Arthur Harbour, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (25), 337 - 357." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Vervoort 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Sea (Stepanjants 1972), the South Shetlands Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF98289E19343A52FE24" author="Stepanjants" box="[1184,1379,367,392]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and off Livingston and Deception islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982E6E19CF3C00FE00" author="Pena" box="[592,817,404,428]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional sub-Antarctic records should be those by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982CA919EC3E53FE7C" author="Jaderholm" box="[151,354,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from the Falklands Islands area,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982ED119EC3CF6FE7C" author="Stepanjants" box="[751,967,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from off Kerguélen and Crozet islands,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF982CA919873E8FFE58" author="Branch" box="[151,446,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="Branch, M. L. & Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch & Willians (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from the Marion and Prince Edwards islands area, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295AFF98280919873AA6FE58" box="[1079,1431,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="266" refString="El Beshbeeshy, M. & Jarms, G. (2011) Thecate hydroids from the Patagonian shelf (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa, Thecata). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 46, 19 - 233." type="journal article">El Beshbeeshy & Jarms (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from the Patagonian shelf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |