242 lines
32 KiB
XML
242 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="CD58677CD59E01C95524A4A5F98E5419" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4012.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cfd66b91-8db3-4362-b35c-f7b8e95a2cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236912" ID-ZooBank="F8A186B9-EE1C-43CC-AB9C-F8CCB1A03794" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461240191041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ozerov, A. L. & Krivosheina, M. G." docDate="2015" docId="3A407A65FF97A71C80FAFD3D2A88FDC1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04012p257.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4012 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cleigastra Macquart 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="C679021DFF94A719806DFFE82B63FFA1" masterDocTitle="A review of the genera Cleigastra Macquart, Gonarcticus Becker, Gonatherus Rondani, Hexamitocera Becker, Nanna Strobl, Orthacheta Becker and Spathephilus Becker (Diptera, Scathophagidae) of Russia" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="204" updateTime="1698605136340" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="539D1B1909430DD894D183D1B1EE4A3F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E1366E27536141A35368606CC51542D5">
|
||
<mods:title id="C19D3F8C382FEC76133C2AF2782C72D4">A review of the genera Cleigastra Macquart, Gonarcticus Becker, Gonatherus Rondani, Hexamitocera Becker, Nanna Strobl, Orthacheta Becker and Spathephilus Becker (Diptera, Scathophagidae) of Russia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="EFA4EE0582C5970ACBFE39C88263C238" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4EB2FA4C49DC582E8E9E22703DC127B2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5DF72F8A2C5E08658413CBF093085EE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="292D5D75AA8BD3B25B37D9E8D6F8F967">Ozerov, A. L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="45DAF9B09DA89CFDB9583E23809DC377" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DF445067557AE2D16842F496396F3497">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2E6C462BCFFB5955CBC2AC20496F2DBE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3ECF0F8ED50C39BC9FF8647ECA8A9610">Krivosheina, M. G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8BD2AD067D1C5B9A2101D83F5FF37FDC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D5F36C0ECEFA88D283BADFB767315F96" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8A43289CAE56210D16B0D82EBA1686F7">
|
||
<mods:title id="39C18C50499D0DEC797F80DA21E88681">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E98112FE93343D6E1833AD548D5C5009">
|
||
<mods:date id="77D12E77174E542D7F6AA399F43CF510">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="EDC57DB2ACC60D762D4CF9D694D4A3FC" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="57C7ADB414D6CB5C3A9A4E76E07E178D">4012</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AB2844E09A7D2D4A96634345FDE50410" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="51CF4B8527F51FB8962CBA9D40DC2E30">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="30757EDF1599BBF94B8473E658E6BF76" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5F157DD32AFC7B5B6770CAE640C01CBF">201</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="567B2925E831B4FB730C8BA92A91FB43">258</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="092342F132781A16CC5782FABD91B100">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="38C4339BECC8E8B22510B1BCFB48C596" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4012.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5D3EBC8AD9F8D8DD390CCF970BBE98E5" type="GBIF-Dataset">cfd66b91-8db3-4362-b35c-f7b8e95a2cef</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9CCE4B5A63795CF5107317C7012D8D09" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A8B3926684E0A9AA69CA31025D23817B" type="Zenodo-Dep">236912</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCB105C429B81E9DD6B75FC9C210956A" type="ZooBank">F8A186B9-EE1C-43CC-AB9C-F8CCB1A03794</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3A407A65FF97A71C80FAFD3D2A88FDC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6096198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6096198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A407A65FF97A71C80FAFD3D2A88FDC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A407A65FF97A71C80FAFD3D2A88FDC1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<subSubSection id="FAF398F8FF97A71A80FAFD3D2ABEFD4E" box="[151,477,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80FAFD3D2ABEFD4E" blockId="3.[151,477,725,751]" box="[151,477,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<heading id="E91E7C1FFF97A71A80FAFD3D2ABEFD4E" bold="true" box="[151,477,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A80FAFD3D2ABEFD4E" ID-CoL="3QRS" ID-ENA="113167" authority="Macquart, 1835" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,477,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cleigastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80FAFD3D2ABEFD4E" bold="true" box="[151,477,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80FAFD3D2A71FD4E" bold="true" box="[151,274,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cleigastra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8174FD3D2ABEFD4E" author="Macquart" box="[281,477,725,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Macquart, J. (1835) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres. Vol. 2. Roret, Paris, 710 pp." type="book" year="1835">Macquart, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FAF398F8FF97A71C80FAFCF42A88FDC1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80FAFCF42ADAFCF1" blockId="3.[151,1436,796,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="92F9EC5DFF97A71A80FAFCF42ADAFCF1" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A80FAFCF42A92FC93" ID-CoL="3QRS" authority="Macquart, 1835: 384" authorityName="Macquart" authorityPageNumber="384" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,497,796,818]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cleigastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80FAFCF42A62FC93" box="[151,257,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cleigastra</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3348ED62FF97A71A8164FCF52A92FC93" author="Macquart" box="[265,497,796,818]" page="384" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1835">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8164FCF52ADBFC93" author="Macquart" box="[265,440,796,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Macquart, J. (1835) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres. Vol. 2. Roret, Paris, 710 pp." type="book" year="1835">Macquart, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 384
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gender: feminine.
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D5275D1FF97A71A82A4FCF5299EFC93" box="[713,765,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A8309FCF42FB3FC93" authority="Meigen, 1826" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1826" box="[868,1232,796,818]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cordylura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A8309FCF42F53FC93" box="[868,1072,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cordylura apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8454FCF42FB3FC93" author="Meigen" box="[1081,1232,796,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Siebenter Theil oder Supplementband. Schultz, Hamm, 412 pp." type="book" year="1826">Meigen, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by designation of
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3348ED62FF97A71A80AAFCD22AD6FCF1" author="Westwood" box="[199,437,826,848]" page="144" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1840">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A80AAFCD22AD6FCF1" author="Westwood" box="[199,437,826,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1840) An introduction to the modern classication of insects. Synopsis of the genera of British Insects. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, 158 pp." type="book" year="1840">Westwood (1840: 144)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80FAFCB22A24FC2F" blockId="3.[151,1436,796,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="92F9EC5DFF97A71A80FAFCB22A24FC2F" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A80FAFCB22972FCCE" authority="Rondani, 1856: 100" authorityName="Rondani" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,529,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cnemopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80FAFCB22A40FCCE" box="[151,291,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cnemopogon</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3348ED62FF97A71A815DFCB12972FCCE" author="Rondani" box="[304,529,857,879]" page="100" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1856">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A815DFCB12AB5FCCE" author="Rondani" box="[304,470,857,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus. Vol. I. Genera Italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stoschi, Parmae, 228 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8160" type="book" year="1856">Rondani, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 100
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gender: masculine.
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D5275D1FF97A71A836FFCB22855FCCE" box="[770,822,858,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A83C9FCB12E70FCCE" authority="Meigen, 1826" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1826" box="[932,1299,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cordylura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A83C9FCB12F0CFCCE" box="[932,1135,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cordylura apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8416FCB12E70FCCE" author="Meigen" box="[1147,1299,857,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Siebenter Theil oder Supplementband. Schultz, Hamm, 412 pp." type="book" year="1826">Meigen, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80FAFC7E2954FC0D" blockId="3.[151,1436,796,940]" box="[151,567,918,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="92F9EC5DFF97A71A80FAFC7E2954FC0D" box="[151,567,918,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80FAFC7E2A7EFC0D" box="[151,285,918,940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A80FAFC7E2A74FC0D" box="[151,279,918,940]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Clidogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clidogastra</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
error (
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3348ED62FF97A71A8108FC7E2948FC0D" author="Becker" box="[357,555,918,940]" page="179" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" year="1894">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8108FC7E2948FC0D" author="Becker" box="[357,555,918,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Becker, T. (1894) Dipterologische Studien. I. Scatomyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 39 (1), 77 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18940390108" type="journal article" year="1894">Becker, 1894: 179</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80FAFC322E1BFC53" blockId="3.[151,1437,985,1913]" box="[151,1400,985,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
Two species are known in the world, both occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAFE8BE3FF97A71A836CFC31282FFC53" box="[769,844,985,1010]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8337FC312F6CFC53" author="Gorodkov" box="[858,1039,985,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Gorodkov, K. B. (1986) Family Scathophagidae. In Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 11. Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 41." type="book" year="1986">Gorodkov 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF97A71A8476FC322E08FC53" author="Ozerov" box="[1051,1387,985,1010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Ozerov, A. L. & Krivosheina, M. G. (2014 b) To the fauna of dung flies (Diptera: Scathophagidae) of Russian Far East. Russian Entomological Journal, 23 (3), 203 - 222." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">Ozerov & Krivosheina 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80AAFC152B8AFB6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,985,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF97A71A80AAFC152A5FFBB7" ID-CoL="3QRS" box="[199,316,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cleigastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80AAFC152A5FFBB7" box="[199,316,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Cleigastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are slender, medium-sized flies (
|
||
<quantity id="75116696FF97A71A836BFC1628ECFBB4" box="[774,911,1022,1046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="4.3">4.3–7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A83B2FC152F78FBB7" box="[991,1051,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Frons black. Face, parafacial and gena pale yellow. Postcranium black, greyish dusted, covered with yellow hairs and with black postocular setulae. Chaetotaxy: 3 orbital, 2–3 frontal, 1 ocellar, 1 inner vertical, 1 outer vertical (short), 1 postocellar; 1 pair of strong vibrissae and 2 pairs of short subvibrissae present. Antenna black. Postpedicel with acutely angled upper apical corner, long, approximately 4–4.5 times as long as wide. Arista black, pubescent throughout its length. Palpus long, yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80AAFB3D2E70FA67" blockId="3.[151,1437,985,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80AAFB3D2A7BFB4F" box="[199,280,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
black, greyish dusted. Scutum with following setae: acrostichals in two rows, prescutellar pair not differentiated or only slightly longer than the other hairs on scutum, dorsocentrals 3+3, intra-alars 0+2, supra-alars 1+2, postpronotals 2, notopleurals 2, postalars 2. Proepisternum usually bare in central part (rarely with several hairs), with 2 setae near lower margin. Proepimeron with 1 seta. Anepisternum covered with hairs in posterior half (pale yellow in male and black in female) and with 2–4 black setae along posterior margin. Katepisternum covered with long setae in ventral corner (the setae pale yellow in male and black in female) and 3 strong setae. Anepimeron bare. Scutellum black, with pair of strong lateral scutellar setae and pair of apical setulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80AAFA3A29ADF88F" blockId="3.[151,1437,985,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80AAFA3A2B9FFA48" box="[199,252,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Coxae and fore femora yellow to black, tibiae yellow, tarsi black. Male coxae inside and femora ventrally with long hairs and setae. Fore femur with rows of dorsal, posterodorsal and anterior setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal, 2 anterodorsal and 1 posterior setae at middle, and apical ventral, dorsal and posterior setae. Mid femur with 1 anteroventral seta on apical half and row of anterior setae, also with preapical posterior and posterodorsal setae; in female additionally with 3–4 long ventral setae on basal half. Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, 1 posterior (posteroventral), 1 anteroventral setae and ring of apicals; posterior (posteroventral) surface with 1–3 thin setae in male and with 1 stong seta in female.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAFE8BE3FF97A71A83E5F94128A3F963" box="[904,960,1705,1730]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
femur with row of anterodorsal setae, also with 1 preapical posterodorsal and 2–3 dorsal setae; in female additionaly with rows of posteroventral and anteroventral setae.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAFE8BE3FF97A71A81E7F9192AA1F8AB" box="[394,450,1777,1802]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 2–3 posterodorsal, 1–2 anteroventral, 0–1 posterior (posteroventral), 1 dorsal setae and ring of apicals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF97A71A80AAF8D229E8F8D8" blockId="3.[151,1437,985,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF97A71A80AAF8D22B9CF8F0" box="[199,255,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
tinged with brownish; veins blackish; vein R1 setulose on apical third of dorsal surface. Calypters, margins of calypters, and halteres yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6969BFBFF90A71D80FAF87E281FF84B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" targetBox="[150,1387,185,1884]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF90A71D80FAF87E281FF84B" blockId="4.[151,1435,1942,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF90A71D80FAF87E2A5AF80D" bold="true" box="[151,313,1942,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF90A71D8153F870294FF80D" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[318,556,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Nanna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF90A71D8153F8702AB4F80D" box="[318,471,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Nanna flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fallén)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1, 2, 5, 7),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF90A71D82C8F870289FF80D" ID-CoL="3LGJ7" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[677,1020,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Hexamitocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxocerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF90A71D82C8F87028C4F80D" box="[677,935,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Hexamitocera loxocerata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fallén)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF90A71D8441F87E2E18F80D" ID-CoL="BD6CH" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[1068,1403,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Spathephilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF90A71D8441F87E2E49F80C" box="[1068,1322,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Spathephilus nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
(Loew)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4, 6) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF90A71D80B1F85D2A97F86A" ID-CoL="74XJS" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[220,500,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Orthacheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF90A71D80B1F85D2AC7F86A" box="[220,420,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Orthacheta cornuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Loew)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8): 1—thorax, lateral view; 2—proepisternum; 3—head, lateral view; 4, 5—antenna, lateral view; 6–8—scutellum. Figures 4–7 after Ozerov (2010e, Figures 10–13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF91A71C80AAFF7F2F92FEE1" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C80AAFF7F2A52FF11" box="[199,305,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical, black, greyish dusted, covered with black hairs. Tergites 2–6 each with row of long marginal setae. Sternite 4 simple, 2 times as long as wide. Sternite 5 with triangular-shaped lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C8564FF542E02FF75" box="[1289,1377,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 21" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[205,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 21. Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen): 14 — end of female abdomen, ventral view; 15 — same, dorsal view; 16 — same, lateral view; 17 — male sternite 5; 18 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 19 — same, dorsal view; 20 — male sternite 4; 21 — distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C851DFF542EF3FF75" box="[1392,1424,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 29" captionStartId="10.[151,263,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[214,1411,226,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1412,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 29. Cleigastra sundukovi Ozerov (22 – 24, 29) and Gonarcticus abdominalis (Zetterstedt) (25 – 28): 22 — male sternites 4 (lower) and 5 (upper); 23, 26 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 24, 27 — same, dorsal view; 25 — male sternites 5; 28 — male sternites 4; 29 — distribution map. Figures 22 – 24 after Ozerov (2013, Figures 21 – 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surstyli simple, cerci fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C8184FF372910FF59" box="[489,627,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 21" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[205,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 21. Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen): 14 — end of female abdomen, ventral view; 15 — same, dorsal view; 16 — same, lateral view; 17 — male sternite 5; 18 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 19 — same, dorsal view; 20 — male sternite 4; 21 — distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs 18, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C82E9FF0829B0FF59" box="[644,723,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 29" captionStartId="10.[151,263,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[214,1411,226,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1412,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 29. Cleigastra sundukovi Ozerov (22 – 24, 29) and Gonarcticus abdominalis (Zetterstedt) (25 – 28): 22 — male sternites 4 (lower) and 5 (upper); 23, 26 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 24, 27 — same, dorsal view; 25 — male sternites 5; 28 — male sternites 4; 29 — distribution map. Figures 22 – 24 after Ozerov (2013, Figures 21 – 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor long, cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C8453FF372FA5FF59" box="[1086,1222,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 21" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[205,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 21. Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen): 14 — end of female abdomen, ventral view; 15 — same, dorsal view; 16 — same, lateral view; 17 — male sternite 5; 18 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 19 — same, dorsal view; 20 — male sternite 4; 21 — distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female tergite 7 desclerotized in middle, its lateral margins fused with lateral margins of sternite 7 forming syntergosternite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C8502FEEC2BD6FEE1" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 21" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[205,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 21. Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen): 14 — end of female abdomen, ventral view; 15 — same, dorsal view; 16 — same, lateral view; 17 — male sternite 5; 18 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 19 — same, dorsal view; 20 — male sternite 4; 21 — distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C8131FEC12AC4FEE1" box="[348,423,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Nanna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C8131FEC12AC4FEE1" box="[348,423,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Nanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AD2D7F6FF91A71C81D8FECF297BFEE1" box="[437,536,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 110" captionStartId="32.[151,263,1956,1979]" captionTargetBox="[190,1405,194,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[179,1407,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 110. Nanna flavipes (Fallén): 103 – 105 — female abdominal sternite 8; 106 — male sternite 5; 107 — epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view; 108 — same, dorsal view; 109 — male sternite 4; 110 — distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236930/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 8 of V-like form, sternite 8 as two small round sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B256CB73FF91A71C80AAFEA42A88FDC1" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
|
||
Adults are found in wet localities like the edges of lakes, rives or ponds. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF91A71C84F0FEA42E52FEC4" author="Groth" box="[1181,1329,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Groth, U. (1969) Zur Entwicklung und Biologie von Cnemopogon apicalis Wied. (Diptera: Cordyluridae). Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswald, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 18 (1 / 2), 85 - 92." type="journal article" year="1969">Groth (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C80FAFE982A76FE29" box="[151,277,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cordylura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C80FAFE982A76FE29" box="[151,277,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit tunnels of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C821DFE8728EFFE29" ID-CoL="DD9" authority="(Lepidoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Lepidoptera" box="[624,908,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where they feed mainly on the frass of the caterpillars or on dead caterpillars.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D678B682FF91A71C8272FE7C299DFE0C" author="Grochowska" box="[543,766,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Grochowska, M. (2006) Remarks on the morphology and biology of Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Scathophagidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 87, 247 - 252. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2006.00238. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Grochowska (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the second- and third-instar larvae and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C85EFFE7D2B93FE71" class="Insecta" family="Scathophagidae" genus="Cordylura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C85EFFE7D2B93FE71" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Observations by Grochowska showed that second- and third-instar larvae “were found on reed stems inside the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C810EFE352A9DFE54" ID-CoL="6QH66" box="[355,510,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C810EFE352A9DFE54" box="[355,510,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Lipara lucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C8261FE352911FE54" ID-CoL="8CMNT" box="[524,626,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C8261FE352911FE54" box="[524,626,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">L. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C82EDFE35286CFE54" ID-CoL="8CMNR" box="[640,783,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C82EDFE35286CFE54" box="[640,783,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">L. pullitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C8370FE3528C2FE55" ID-CoL="8CMNS" box="[797,929,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C8370FE3528C2FE55" box="[797,929,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">L. rufitarsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C83C2FE342FD8FE54" ID-CoL="4JP2K" box="[943,1211,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Platycephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C83C2FE342FD8FE54" box="[943,1211,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Platycephala planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C849CFE352EF8FE54" ID-CoL="4JP2S" box="[1265,1435,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Platycephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbraculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C849CFE352EF8FE54" box="[1265,1435,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">P. umbraculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and inside internodes attacked by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75E9B0F0FF91A71C824BFE17285AFDB9" ID-CoL="92V4B" box="[550,825,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Arenostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="809D1761FF91A71C824BFE17285AFDB9" box="[550,825,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Arenostola phragmitidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On a few occasions larvae were also found among decaying plant tissue in the apical part of stems not inhabited by other insect species”. Larvae inside galls feed primarily on dead plant tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |