210 lines
26 KiB
XML
210 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="90A31E30D3D80CB81E58024D66D2E194">Discovery of new species and country records for the North American sap beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="50AE5B5794017024E10DED123B333E7E">Cline, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC6C80C74B9802ABDD8DBE5CD0E66E75">Skelley, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90FEE5C6A45181B31611BFC8B1779206">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E3F88852B30F567E267A789EAA63CB6B">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="392687C4FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFED1A735" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119571799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:392687C4FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFED1A735" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/392687C4FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFED1A735" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<paragraph id="B13036D2FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFD95A272" blockId="3.[151,575,579,638]" box="[151,575,579,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<heading id="EA7881BEFFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFD95A272" bold="true" box="[151,575,579,606]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFD95A272" authority="LeConte 1866" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,575,579,606]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Cyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiatus">
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<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFD95A272" bold="true" box="[151,575,579,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56B9A1D3CFE20A271" bold="true" box="[151,394,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Cyllodes biplagiatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56A9C1D3BFD95A272" author="LeConte" box="[401,575,579,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1866) Additions to the Coleopterous Fauna of the United States. No. 1. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences, 19, 361 - 394." type="journal article" year="1866">LeConte 1866</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B13036D2FFF1FFE56B9A1D1EFEBEA251" blockId="3.[151,575,579,638]" box="[151,276,614,638]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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(
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<figureCitation id="29B42A57FFF1FFE56B921D1EFF48A251" box="[159,226,614,638]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1985,2008]" captionTargetBox="[172,1413,982,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1423,973,1968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Dorsal habitus images of North American species of Cyllodes. (1) C. biplagiatus LeConte. (2) C. thomasi n. sp. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218931/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29B42A57FFF1FFE56BE21D1EFEA1A251" box="[239,267,614,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1114,1137]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution map of C. biplagiatus. Shaded areas indicate counties or states with specimen vouchers or published records. Completely shaded states, i. e. Illinois and Rhode Island, indicate states with no specific county records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218934/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F9956559FFF1FFE56B9A1DD7FB8DA2CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B13036D2FFF1FFE56B9A1DD7FB8DA2CC" blockId="3.[151,1436,686,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="919F11FCFFF1FFE56B9A1DD7FB8DA2CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56B9A1DD7FDE1A2EB" authority="LeConte 1866: 377" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="377" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,587,686,709]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Cyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiatus">
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<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56B9A1DD7FEC4A2EA" box="[151,366,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Cyllodes biplagiatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE56A761DD7FDE1A2EB" author="LeConte" box="[379,587,686,708]" page="377" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1866">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56A761DD7FDBEA2EB" author="LeConte" box="[379,532,686,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1866) Additions to the Coleopterous Fauna of the United States. No. 1. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences, 19, 361 - 394." type="journal article" year="1866">LeConte 1866</bibRefCitation>
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: 377
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE5696D1DD6FC87A2EB" author="Henshaw" box="[608,813,686,708]" page="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE5696D1DD6FCABA2EB" author="Henshaw" box="[608,769,686,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Henshaw, S. (1885) List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, PA, 161 pp." type="book" year="1885">Henshaw 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 59
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE568331DD7FC44A2EB" author="Leng" box="[830,1006,686,708]" page="196" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568331DD7FC1FA2EB" author="Leng" box="[830,949,687,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Leng, C. W. (1920) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico. Cosmos Press, Cambridge, MA, x + 470 pp." type="book" year="1920">Leng 1920</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 196
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE568F21DD7FB60A2EB" author="Parsons" box="[1023,1226,687,708]" page="248" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568F21DD7FB3BA2EB" author="Parsons" box="[1023,1169,687,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Parsons, C. T. (1943) A revision of the Nearctic Nitidulidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 92, 121 - 278." type="journal article" year="1943">Parsons 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 248
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE56FD61DD7FA3DA2EB" author="Arnett" box="[1243,1431,686,708]" page="763" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56FD61DD7FAF4A2EB" author="Arnett" box="[1243,1374,686,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Arnett, R. H. Jr. (1963) The beetles of the United States: A manual for identification. The American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, xii + 1112 pp." type="book" year="1963">Arnett 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 763
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE56BCA1DB6FE02A2CD" author="McNamara" box="[199,424,717,739]" page="217" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56BCA1DB6FEDFA2CD" author="McNamara" box="[199,373,717,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="McNamara. J. (1991) Family Nitidulidae, sap beetles. In: Bousquet, Y. (Ed.), Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Canada Communication Group-Publishing, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 214 - 217." type="book chapter" year="1991">McNamara 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 217
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE56ABF1DB5FDC5A2CD" author="Habeck" box="[434,623,717,739]" page="314" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="2002">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56ABF1DB5FD97A2CD" author="Habeck" box="[434,573,717,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Habeck, D. (2002) Nitidulidae Latreille 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. & Frank, J. H. (Eds), American Beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 311 - 315." type="book chapter" year="2002">Habeck 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 314
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE569741DB5FCB5A2CD" author="Sikes" box="[633,799,717,739]" page="170" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE569741DB5FD46A2CD" author="Sikes" box="[633,748,717,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Sikes, D. S. (2004) The Beetle Fauna of Rhode Island: An Annotated Checklist. The Biota of Rhode Island, Volume 3. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, RI. 296 pp." type="book" year="2004">Sikes 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 170
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="302E10C3FFF1FFE568241DB5FB89A2CC" author="Price" box="[809,1059,717,739]" page="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568241DB5FC57A2CC" author="Price" box="[809,1021,717,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Price, M. B. & Young, D. K. (2006) An annotated checklist of Wisconsin sap and short-winged flower beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae). Insecta Mundi, 20, 69 - 84." type="journal article" year="2006">Price & Young 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 77
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9956559FFF1FFE56B9A1C77FD5BA4D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B13036D2FFF1FFE56B9A1C77FD5BA4D0" blockId="3.[151,1436,783,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56B9A1C77FE9AA307" bold="true" box="[151,304,783,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56A3A1C68FE4BA308" author="Parsons" box="[311,481,783,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Parsons, C. T. (1943) A revision of the Nearctic Nitidulidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 92, 121 - 278." type="journal article" year="1943">Parsons (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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states “This species occurs (May–July) from New Hampshire (Three Mile Island) to New
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<collectingCountry id="C9987642FFF1FFE56BD51C4DFEB4A362" box="[216,286,821,845]" name="Jersey" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Jersey</collectingCountry>
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(Orange Mt., Monmouth Jct.), west through New York (Buffalo), Michigan (Detroit, Marquette), Wisconsin (Bayfield), Minnesota (Fillmore Co.), and Manitoba (Aweme, Winnipeg, Victoria Beach).” Unfortunately this listing was only a distribution range that did not cite vouchers for any of the localities. The species is notably lacking from Blatchley’s (1910) listing of the beetles of Indiana, and it is also absent from a current treatment of the fauna of Nova
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<collectingCountry id="C9987642FFF1FFE569411CBCFD38A3F3" box="[588,658,964,988]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE569AC1CBCFC26A3F3" author="Majka" box="[673,908,964,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Majka, C. G. & Cline, A. R. (2006) Nitidulidae and Kateretidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. I. New records from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The Canadian Entomologist, 138, 314 - 332." type="journal article" year="2006">Majka & Cline 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and Maine (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56F121CBCFB40A3F3" author="Majka" box="[1055,1258,964,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Majka, C. G., Chandler, D. S. & Donahue, C. P. (2011) Checklist of the Beetles of Maine, USA. Empty Mirrors Press, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 328 pp." type="book" year="2011">
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||
Majka
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<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56F7D1CBDFB0BA3F3" box="[1136,1185,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2011
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but was found in New Brunswick (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56A741C9FFDECA3D0" author="Majka" box="[377,582,999,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Majka, C. G., Webster, R. & Cline, A. R. (2008) New records of Nitidulidae and Kateretidae (Coleoptera) from New Brunswick, Canada. Zookeys, 2, 337 - 356." type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Majka
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||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56AC71C91FDA9A42F" box="[458,515,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The host fungus is present in Nova
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<collectingCountry id="C9987642FFF1FFE568E71C9FFB9AA3D0" box="[1002,1072,999,1023]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56F321C9FFB57A3D0" author="Wehmeyer" box="[1087,1277,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Wehmeyer, L. E. (1950) The fungi of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 150 pp." type="book" year="1950">Wehmeyer 1950</bibRefCitation>
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||
); however the beetle has not been collected there (Majka pers. comm.).
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568241B74FC10A40B" author="Sikes" box="[809,954,1036,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Sikes, D. S. (2004) The Beetle Fauna of Rhode Island: An Annotated Checklist. The Biota of Rhode Island, Volume 3. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, RI. 296 pp." type="book" year="2004">Sikes (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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||
did not find it in Rhode Island during his survey from
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<date id="C5311012FFF1FFE56A2B1B4AFE0DA465" box="[294,423,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" value="1995" valueMax="2000">1995–2000</date>
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||
, but noted it being reported as rare in the early 20th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56F441B4AFB65A465" author="Davis" box="[1097,1231,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Davis, C. A. (1904) Instructions for collecting and mounting insects; also a checklist of the Coleoptera of Rhode Island, USA. 3 rd Edition. Bulletin of the Roger Williams Park Museum, 1, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1904">Davis 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56FEE1B4AFF4BA440" author="Price" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Price, M. B. & Young, D. K. (2006) An annotated checklist of Wisconsin sap and short-winged flower beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae). Insecta Mundi, 20, 69 - 84." type="journal article" year="2006">Price and Young (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provide an up to date county listing for the species in Wisconsin. We compiled data from many North American museums and private collections to present more detailed distributional records and document the depositories of those specimens. The data (Appendix 1) presented herein are not verbatim label data, but have been altered into a standardized form and only represent locality and date of capture (if available). The current distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56A301B90FE76A4D0" box="[317,476,1255,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Cyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56A301B90FE76A4D0" box="[317,476,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C. biplagiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="29B42A57FFF1FFE569721B9FFD47A4D0" box="[639,749,1255,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1114,1137]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1093]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution map of C. biplagiatus. Shaded areas indicate counties or states with specimen vouchers or published records. Completely shaded states, i. e. Illinois and Rhode Island, indicate states with no specific county records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218934/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F9956559FFF1FFE56BCA1A72FED1A735" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B13036D2FFF1FFE56BCA1A72FED1A735" blockId="3.[151,1436,783,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56BCA1A72FE8DA50C" bold="true" box="[199,295,1290,1315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known to be associated with oyster mushrooms,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56F0F1A73FAB4A50D" authority="Fries" authorityName="Fries" box="[1026,1310,1290,1315]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ostreatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56F0F1A73FB76A50C" box="[1026,1244,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Pleurotus ostreatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fries
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with adult feeding occurring on the sporocarp (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE569261A57FC98A568" author="Downie" box="[555,818,1327,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Downie, N. M. & Arnett, R. H. (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL, 1721 pp." type="book" year="1996">Downie & Arnett 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568301A57FB96A568" author="Cline" box="[829,1084,1327,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Cline, A. R. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2005) Coleoptera associated with the Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus Fries, in North America. Southeastern Naturalist, 4, 409 - 420." type="journal article" year="2005">Cline & Leschen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56F4A1A57FA85A568" author="Price" box="[1095,1327,1327,1352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Price, M. B. & Young, D. K. (2006) An annotated checklist of Wisconsin sap and short-winged flower beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Kateretidae). Insecta Mundi, 20, 69 - 84." type="journal article" year="2006">Price & Young 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56E371A57FF53A545" author="Majka" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Majka, C. G., Webster, R. & Cline, A. R. (2008) New records of Nitidulidae and Kateretidae (Coleoptera) from New Brunswick, Canada. Zookeys, 2, 337 - 356." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Majka
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56E851A48FF1EA544" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of this species were described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE569C71A2AFCD7A545" author="Wickham" box="[714,893,1362,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Wickham, H. F. (1894) Descriptions of the larvae of Tritoma, Carpophilus, and Cyllodes. Entomological News, 5, 260 - 263." type="journal article" year="1894">Wickham 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, species-level details are lacking and the line drawings are insufficient to determine any valid characters. The majority of collection records (Appendix 1) are from the early to middle 1900s. This fact may be indicative of a decline in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56F711AE3FA8AA59C" box="[1148,1312,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Cyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56F711AE3FA8AA59C" box="[1148,1312,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C. biplagiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in natural ecosystems or may conversely represent a reduction in the number of collections being made due to the loss of interest in natural history by recent generations. As mentioned above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568DB1A9AFBC3A5D5" author="Sikes" box="[982,1129,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Sikes, D. S. (2004) The Beetle Fauna of Rhode Island: An Annotated Checklist. The Biota of Rhode Island, Volume 3. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, RI. 296 pp." type="book" year="2004">Sikes (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated the species was present at the turn of the last century, albeit rarely, but was not collected during his recent intensive survey of the beetles of Rhode Island. This evidence may support an actual decline in this species in natural ecosystems and not a loss of interest in natural history collections. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE568321937FBCFA648" author="Cline" box="[831,1125,1615,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Cline, A. R. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2005) Coleoptera associated with the Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus Fries, in North America. Southeastern Naturalist, 4, 409 - 420." type="journal article" year="2005">Cline and Leschen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56F601937FB73A648" box="[1133,1241,1615,1639]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56F601937FB73A648" box="[1133,1241,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Pleurotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fungi are among some of the longest-lived fungi with sporocarps persisting for months if conditions are favorable.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56FE0190BFAF3A6A4" box="[1261,1369,1651,1675]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56FE0190BFAF3A6A4" box="[1261,1369,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Pleurotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fungi also provide shelter or subsistence to at least 136 species of beetles in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9987642FFF1FFE56F1919EFFBDEA680" box="[1044,1140,1687,1711]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D51E4B23FFF1FFE56F8B19EFFA3BA680" author="Cline" box="[1158,1425,1687,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refString="Cline, A. R. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2005) Coleoptera associated with the Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus Fries, in North America. Southeastern Naturalist, 4, 409 - 420." type="journal article" year="2005">Cline & Leschen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, even though the sporocarp may be long-lived, if fewer are present in nature, some species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="768F4D51FFF1FFE56E3719C3FEBFA6D8" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Cyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83FBEAC0FFF1FFE56E3719C3FEBFA6D8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Cyllodes biplagiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) may be competitively excluded from feeding on the fungus and thus suffer correspondingly in reproductive output.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |