treatments-xml/data/38/7F/30/387F3068D32AFF8AFF27ED43260F1C4B.xml

<document id="0F1F1909315F99F6E60EF9C7A68E0CF7" ID-CLB-Dataset="38706" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4128.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="553faca2-0799-4bbe-8b54-92960421d9c9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271800" ID-ZooBank="B4D2CD84-8994-4CEF-B647-3539C16B6502" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1467029901498" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Frank H. Hennemann, Oskar V. Conle &amp; Daniel E. Perez-Gelabert" docDate="2016" docId="387F3068D32AFF8AFF27ED43260F1C4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4128.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4128 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cladoxerini Karny 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="C4464810D321FF84FFB0EE5724681D4F" masterDocTitle="Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XVI: Revision of Haplopodini Günther, 1953 (rev. stat.), with notes on the subfamily Cladomorphinae Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977 and the descriptions of a new tribe, four new genera and nine new species (Phasmatodea: “ Anareolatae ”: Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae)" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698664117947" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="53058200BB8A86B6768AEAE490ED7ED4">Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XVI: Revision of Haplopodini Günther, 1953 (rev. stat.), with notes on the subfamily Cladomorphinae Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977 and the descriptions of a new tribe, four new genera and nine new species (Phasmatodea: “ Anareolatae ”: Phasmatidae: Cladomorphinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3353EEB767B6D0A606CDA9383DD989D">Frank H. Hennemann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B71B86666101B25F655B2E128E248AF5">Oskar V. Conle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3BD19BFCA9A6496CAD2FB0E3EBC5F61A">Daniel E. Perez-Gelabert</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27ED43267D1E61" blockId="11.[151,533,788,847]" box="[151,533,788,814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="EB213612D32AFF8FFF27ED43267D1E61" bold="true" box="[151,533,788,814]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF27ED43267D1E61" bold="true" box="[151,533,788,814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
4.2.1. 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF50ED43267D1E61" ID-CoL="8QQMN" authority="Karny, 1923" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1923" box="[224,533,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">
Cladoxerini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFECCED43267D1E61" author="Karny" box="[380,533,788,814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Karny, H. H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230 - 242." type="journal article" year="1923">Karny, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27ED61257A1E00" blockId="11.[151,533,788,847]" box="[151,274,822,847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32AFF8FFF2FED6125601E00" box="[159,264,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27ED2927221EDB" blockId="11.[151,842,894,916]" box="[151,842,894,916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF27ED2925721EDB" bold="true" box="[151,282,894,916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type-genus:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFE91ED2927221EDB" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityPageNumber="445" authorityYear="1828" box="[289,842,894,916]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE91ED2927731EDB" author="Cladoxerus" box="[289,795,894,916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFE91ED2925FD1EDB" box="[289,405,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828
</bibRefCitation>
: 445
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27EDEB265C1E9D" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[151,564,956,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EDEB25BC1E9D" authority="Karny, 1923: 237" authorityName="Karny" authorityPageNumber="237" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,468,956,978]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladoxerinae">
Cladoxerinae 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE94EDEA25CC1E9D" author="Karny" box="[292,420,956,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Karny, H. H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230 - 242." type="journal article" year="1923">Karny, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</taxonomicName>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF77ED8C25EB1EBF" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[199,387,986,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF77ED8C25231EBF" author="Kevan" box="[199,331,986,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Kevan, d. K. McE. (1982) Phasmatodea (Stick-insects). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. Vol. 1, 2 nd Edition, pp. 294 - 404." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kevan, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 283.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27EDAE26511940" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[151,569,1017,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EDAE25B11940" authority="Gunther, 1953: 557" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,473,1017,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">
Cladoxerini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFEA4EDAE25C11940" author="Gunther" box="[276,425,1017,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 557
</taxonomicName>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF77EA4F258B1961" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[199,483,1048,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF77EA4F25C51961" author="Bradley" box="[199,429,1048,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bradley, J. C. &amp; Galil, B. S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 176 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 189.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF77EA61267E1903" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[199,534,1078,1100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF77EA6125FC1903" author="Otte" box="[199,404,1078,1100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 414 pp. [CafePress. com]" type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 32 (in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27EA0225AC19C5" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EA0225D31924" authority="Gunther, 1953: 555" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="555" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,443,1109,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">
Baculini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF43EA0225E01924" author="Gunther" box="[243,392,1109,1131]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 555
</taxonomicName>
. (Type-genus: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFDE0EA0227221924" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[592,842,1109,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFDE0EA0226C21924" box="[592,682,1109,1131]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFD00EA0227221924" author="Saussure" box="[688,842,1109,1131]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFCE8EA0227F61924" bold="true" box="[856,926,1109,1131]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. syn.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF77EA22253319C5" author="Zompro" box="[199,347,1140,1162]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 134, 135.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27EAC527C619E7" blockId="11.[151,942,956,1192]" box="[151,942,1170,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Phibalosomatini (Sectio V: Phibalosomata) 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFDE1EAC5277619E7" author="Redtenbacher" box="[593,798,1170,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 399 (in part).
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F8CCD2F5D32AFF88FF27EA82209C1AF5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF27EA82201F1BA9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1237,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF27EA82254A19A1" bold="true" box="[151,290,1237,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE9FEA81266519A1" author="Karny" box="[303,525,1238,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Karny, H. H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230 - 242." type="journal article" year="1923">Karny (1923: 237)</bibRefCitation>
originally established the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFC7DEA82200A19A1" box="[973,1122,1237,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerinae">Cladoxerinae</taxonomicName>
to replace Redtenbacher's 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EAAE2555185D" box="[151,317,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phibalosomini">Phibalosomini</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFEF8EAAE2659185D" author="Gunther" box="[328,561,1273,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther (1953: 557)</bibRefCitation>
first used 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFD1AEAAE2746185D" box="[682,814,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
for a tribe of his Phibalosominae and 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFB55EAAE24B41879" author="Bradley" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bradley, J. C. &amp; Galil, B. S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 176 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Bradley &amp; Galil (1977</bibRefCitation>
: 189) listed it as a tribe of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFD9DEB4A26831879" box="[557,747,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladomorphinae">Cladomorphinae</taxonomicName>
, while 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFCF4EB4920491879" author="Kevan" box="[836,1057,1310,1334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Kevan, d. K. McE. (1982) Phasmatodea (Stick-insects). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. Vol. 1, 2 nd Edition, pp. 294 - 404." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kevan (1982: 283)</bibRefCitation>
treated it as a subfamily of his 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EB1625721815" box="[151,282,1345,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Bacteriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bacteriidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFE96EB1625ED1815" box="[294,389,1345,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
was originally established by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFD50EB1627A21815" author="Gunther" box="[736,970,1345,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther (1953: 555)</bibRefCitation>
as a tribe of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFBD3EB16209D1815" box="[1123,1269,1345,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phasmatidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFAB1EB1621121815" box="[1281,1402,1345,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phasminae">Phasminae</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27EB32254C1831" box="[151,292,1381,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phasmatinae">Phasmatinae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE9DEB3226441831" author="Bradley" box="[301,556,1381,1406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bradley, J. C. &amp; Galil, B. S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 176 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and included exclusively Oriental taxa. Günther's use of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFB71EB3221481831" box="[1217,1312,1381,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
was based on the erroneous interpretation of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFDA1EBDE274C18ED" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[529,804,1417,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFDA1EBDE261D18ED" box="[529,629,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFDCBEBDD274C18ED" author="Saussure" box="[635,804,1417,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFCFDEBDE204E18ED" author="Kirby" box="[845,1062,1417,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, Vol. 1. British Museum, London." type="book" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby (1904a: 327)</bibRefCitation>
, who erroneously synonymised it with the Oriental 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFEEFEBFA26271889" authority="Stal, 1875" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" box="[351,591,1453,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Clitumnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFEEFEBFA25BA1889" box="[351,466,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Clitumnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE6AEBFA26271889" author="Stal" box="[474,591,1453,1478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Stal, C. (1875) Recensio Orthopterorum III. Revue critique des Orthopteres descrits par Linne, de Geer et Thunberg. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Soner, Stockholm, 105 pp." type="book" year="1875">Stål, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFD04EBF927CC1889" author="Saussure" box="[692,932,1453,1478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure (1861: 127)</bibRefCitation>
originally described 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFB24EBFA20901889" box="[1172,1272,1453,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFB24EBFA20901889" box="[1172,1272,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF07EB8625AD18A5" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[183,453,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF07EB86257B18A5" box="[183,275,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bacillus</emphasis>
Latreille, 1825
</taxonomicName>
, the type-species being the Brazilian 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFCC0EB86209018A5" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[880,1272,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFCC0EB86202C18A6" box="[880,1092,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum ramosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFBFDEB85209018A5" author="Saussure" box="[1101,1272,1489,1514]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy. 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF27EBA225181B41" author="Kirby" box="[151,368,1525,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, Vol. 1. British Museum, London." type="book" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby (1904a: 327)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously selected the Sri Lankan 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFCA1EBA220CB1B41" authority="Westwood, 1859" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1859" box="[785,1187,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFCA1EBA227881B41" box="[785,992,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bacillus cuniculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFC57EBA220CB1B41" author="Westwood" box="[999,1187,1525,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the type-species of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27E84E24931B7D" box="[151,251,1561,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF27E84E24931B7D" box="[151,251,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although Saussure had not included this species in the genus. Thus it was not available from the viewpoint of zoological nomenclature and cannot serve as the type-species for 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFBAFE86A20EB1B19" box="[1055,1155,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFBAFE86A20EB1B19" box="[1055,1155,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hennemann (2002) has partly clarified the confusion around the Oriental taxa erroneously assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFBF2E83620CD1B35" box="[1090,1189,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFBF2E83620CD1B35" box="[1090,1189,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and selected the Sri Lankan 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF4BE8D226301BD1" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[251,600,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFF4BE8D225BA1BD1" box="[251,466,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bacillus cuniculus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
as the type-species of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFC35E8D220071BD2" authority="Brunner" authorityName="Brunner" box="[901,1135,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cuniculina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFC35E8D2206A1BD1" box="[901,1026,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cuniculina</emphasis>
Brunner
</taxonomicName>
v. Wattenwyl, 1907, an exclusively Oriental genus. Hence, Hennemann &amp; Conle (2008: 67) re-established 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFB24E8FE21651B8D" box="[1172,1293,1705,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Clitumnini">Clitumnini</taxonomicName>
Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 for the Oriental genera that 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFD23E89A27111BA9" author="Gunther" box="[659,889,1741,1766]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther (1953: 555)</bibRefCitation>
contained in 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFBA1E89A201B1BA9" box="[1041,1139,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32AFF8FFF77E8A526721AAD" blockId="11.[151,1437,1237,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFF77E8A525C51A45" author="Zompro" box="[199,429,1777,1802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro (2004: 135)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the genus 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFD2CE8A627681A45" box="[668,768,1777,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFD2CE8A627681A45" box="[668,768,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, provided a re-description of the type-species 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFABCE8A521FC1A46" box="[1292,1428,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFABCE8A521FC1A46" box="[1292,1428,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. ramosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose 
<typeStatus id="6F6D3FDCD32AFF8FFF56E941257E1A61" box="[230,278,1814,1838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
is lost, and correctly assigned 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFDC5E94226BC1A61" box="[629,724,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
to the 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFC93E94227891A61" box="[803,993,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladomorphinae">Cladomorphinae</taxonomicName>
. However, Zompro did not identify the close relation between the newly recognized 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFD3FE96E26861A1D" box="[655,750,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFC94E96E27C41A1D" box="[804,940,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
. The species which 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFB3DE96D24C71A39" author="Zompro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro (2004: 136, fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
described as 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFEF4E90A267E1A3A" box="[324,534,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFEF4E90A267E1A3A" box="[324,534,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum ramosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is without any doubt congeneric with the type-species of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFB26E90A25D31AD5" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFB26E90A25D31AD5" author="Cladoxerus" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFB26E90A217F1A39" box="[1174,1303,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFE43E9D520481AD5" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[499,1056,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFE43E9D526031AD5" box="[499,619,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFDC3E9D520481AD5" author="St" box="[627,1056,1921,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence, 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFB34E9D621F41AD5" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[1156,1436,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFB34E9D620801AD5" box="[1156,1256,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFB41E9D521F41AD5" author="Saussure" box="[1265,1436,1921,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
falls as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFE63E9F2263C1AF1" box="[467,596,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFE63E9F2263C1AF1" box="[467,596,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFDD4E9F226D91AF1" bold="true" box="[612,689,1957,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. syn.</emphasis>
) and the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFCE3E9F227DA1AF1" box="[851,946,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baculini">Baculini</taxonomicName>
consequently becomes a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32AFF8FFF27E99E25C41AAD" authority="Karny, 1923" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,428,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">
Cladoxerini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32AFF8FFE92E99D25C41AAD" author="Karny" box="[290,428,1994,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Karny, H. H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230 - 242." type="journal article" year="1923">Karny, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32AFF8FFE0CE99E26611AAD" bold="true" box="[444,521,1993,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. syn.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E4A9D1F6D32DFF88FF27EB4A255418A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="B069817ED32DFF88FF27EB4A255418A4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1309,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FF27EB4A2556187C" bold="true" box="[151,318,1309,1331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
Tribe 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FE38EB4A26E6187C" authority="Karny, 1923" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1923" box="[392,654,1309,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini Karny, 1923</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FD2BEB4A26C6187C" bold="true" box="[667,686,1309,1331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FD08EB4A2141187C" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[696,1321,1309,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FD08EB4A27EC187C" box="[696,900,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
(St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FDD0EB6B261B181D" bold="true" box="[608,627,1340,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FDCBEB6B208A181D" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[635,1250,1340,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FDCBEB6B272D181D" box="[635,837,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
(St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FDBCEB0C2677183E" bold="true" box="[524,543,1371,1393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FD95EB0C20E8183E" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[549,1152,1371,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FD95EB0C2686183E" box="[549,750,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
(St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FC97EB2E275218C0" bold="true" box="[807,826,1401,1423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FCF1EB2E21F418C0" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1825" box="[833,1436,1401,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FCF1EB2E206118C0" box="[833,1033,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
(St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825)
</taxonomicName>
♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FCDDEBCF271718E1" bold="true" box="[877,895,1432,1454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FC35EBCF24BA1882" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FC35EBCF202518E1" box="[901,1101,1432,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
(St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32DFF88FF77E842209C1AF5" blockId="12.[151,1437,1557,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FEF9E84226811B61" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1908" box="[329,745,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FEF9E84225941B61" box="[329,508,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabactridium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FDB6E84226811B61" author="Redtenbacher" box="[518,745,1557,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FC11E84224AB1B1D" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 403" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FC11E84220CF1B62" box="[929,1191,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabactridium mirum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FB02E84221F01B61" author="Redtenbacher" box="[1202,1432,1557,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 403
</taxonomicName>
) was described on the basis of ♀♀ from 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32DFF88FD13E86E27421B1D" box="[675,810,1593,1618]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
in MNHN and NHMW and originally placed in close relation to 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FEA6E80A273C1B39" authority="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[278,852,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FEA6E80A273C1B39" author="Cladoxerus" box="[278,852,1629,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FEA6E80A25FF1B39" box="[278,407,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence, subsequent authors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FB6AE80A24A71BD5" author="Bradley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Bradley, J. C. &amp; Galil, B. S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 176 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977</bibRefCitation>
or 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FF45E8D525B01BD5" author="Otte" box="[245,472,1665,1690]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 414 pp. [CafePress. com]" type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
) have placed the genus in the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FCDAE8D6279A1BD5" box="[874,1010,1665,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
. However, the type-specimens appear to be lost and the systematic position within 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FD2FE8F2274B1BF1" box="[671,803,1701,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
has already been doubted by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FBCFE8F221FF1BF1" author="Cliquennois" box="[1151,1431,1701,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Clinquennois, N. (2005) Spathomorpha n. gen.: un nouveau genre de phasme de Madagascar (Phasmatodea, Anareolatae)." type="book" year="2005">Cliquennois (2005: 119)</bibRefCitation>
, who hypothesized it might be related to the Madagscan tribe 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FCF3E89E20E91BAD" authority="Gunther, 1953" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1953" box="[835,1153,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Achriopterini">
Achriopterini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FC51E89E20E91BAD" author="Gunther" box="[993,1153,1737,1762]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Gunther, K. (1953) Uber die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 3, 541 - 563." type="journal article" year="1953">Günther, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
if the type-locality given as “ 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32DFF88FF77E8BA253B1A49" box="[199,339,1773,1798]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
” was correct. Indeed, 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FDD9E8BA27741A49" box="[617,796,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FDD9E8BA27741A49" box="[617,796,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabactridium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most unlikely to belong in 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FB2DE8BA214C1A49" box="[1181,1316,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
, which is supported by certain characters mentioned in the original description by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32DFF88FC67E94621681A65" author="Redtenbacher" box="[983,1280,1809,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher (1908: 403)</bibRefCitation>
i.e. the small size (body-length including subgenital plate 90.0 mm), uni-spinose head, fairly short median segment, proportionally very short legs and abbreviated tarsi. Some of these characters rather suppose relation to the Madagascan subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FE12E92A26281AD9" box="[418,576,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Antongiliinae">Antongiliinae</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, the genus is here only retained in 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FBC0E92A209C1AD9" box="[1136,1268,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
until its actual position is clarified. A confirmed placement of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32DFF88FD1BE9F627361AF5" box="[683,862,1953,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32DFF88FD1BE9F627361AF5" box="[683,862,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabactridium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however remains as yet impossible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8CCD2F5D32CFF89FF77EECF21651B3A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF77EECF253B1C52" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
A detailed diagnosis of the tribe would be premature, since investigation of supposedly closely related genera currently attributed to the 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FE7FEEEB26EE1D9A" box="[463,646,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteronemiinae">Heteronemiinae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD26EEEB275B1D9A" box="[662,819,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paraleptyniini">Paraleptyniini</taxonomicName>
suggest 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FC2FEEEB204B1D9A" box="[927,1059,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
in its present recognition to be paraphyletic (→ see comments below). Hence, only a brief diagnosis mainly based on the type-genus 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FAABEE8821F41DB7" box="[1307,1436,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FAABEE8821F41DB7" box="[1307,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provided here:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF7DEF70252119A7" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Members of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FEECEF7025881C0F" box="[348,480,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
are well characterized and distinguished from all other five tribes currently attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF06EF1B25191C2A" box="[182,369,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladomorphinae">Cladomorphinae</taxonomicName>
by the dorsally serrate profemora of both sexes and shortened antennae, which consist of no more than 30 antennomeres. These are somewhat shorter than the profemora and have the antennomeres fairly elongate in ♂♂, while they are never considerably longer than the head and pronotum combined with the basal antennomeres strongly shortened and perlamorph in ♀♀ (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FC94EFE027011C9F" box="[804,873,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). There are no ocelli. Both sexes are very slender and elongate stick-like insects, the ♀♀ being apterous, the ♂♂ (at least those of the type-genus 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FB0FEF8B21281CBA" box="[1215,1344,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cladoxerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FB0FEF8B21281CBA" box="[1215,1344,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) having scale-like tegmina and well developed alae (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FD02EFA826961F57" box="[690,766,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The anal fan of the alae of ♂♂ is transparent. Most representatives are fairly large, ♀♀ of some species achieving body lengths of up to 240.0 mm including the long subgenital plate. The body surface is usually ± smooth and sub-glabrous. Occasionally there is a pair of spines on the head of ♀♀. A well developed and fairly large gula is present. Both sexes have a long median segment that is considerably longer than the metanotum. Females have a moderately developed praeopercular organ, which is formed by a median gap or slit near the posterior margin of abdominal sternum VII, and usually is marked by two bulge-like ridges or elevations. The subgenital plate of ♀♀ is strongly elongated, lanceolate, naviculate or spatulate and projects considerably over the apex of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FCA2ECAB273B1E5B" box="[786,851,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The gonapophyses VIII are elongated, filiform but at best slightly exceed the posterior margin of the anal segment. Gonoplacs are present and moderately elongated. Males have the vomer well developed, sclerotized and elongately triangular with a pointed terminal hook. The poculum is small and angularly cup-shaped (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FD21ED3026B01ECF" box="[657,728,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The profemora are distinctly triangular in cross-section, with the anterodorsal carina raised and ± distinctly serrate (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FCB8EDDB27231EEB" box="[776,843,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); occasionally there may also be some teeth on the posteroventral carina. The medioventral carina is lamellate and strongly displaced towards the anteroventral carina. The mid and hind legs are trapezoidal in cross-section and ± prominently armed with a variable number of teeth or lobes. The tarsi are very elongate with the basitarsus carinate dorsally with the two dorsal carinae melted with another and considerably longer than the following tarsomeres; in ♀♀ the basitarsi often have a raised dorsal carina. Eggs are fairly small, longer than wide, laterally compressed, have the polar-area flattened and the anterodorsal portion of the capsule conspicuously convex. The capsule-surface is strongly sculptured. The micropylar plate is oval and fairly small, covering less than half the length of capsule. A median line is present. The operculum bears a raised but flattened structure, which is encircled by several conspicuous carinae on the outer surface (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FF47EA98255319A7" box="[247,315,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF77EAA321651B3A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The shape of the profemora, having the lamellate medioventral carina strongly displaced towards the anteroventral carina, dorsally carinate basitarsi, and the well-developed gula of both sexes, the presence of gonoplacs and the moderately elongated, filiform gonapophyses VIII of ♀♀ as well as the presence of a median line in the eggs are shared with 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD91EB0826A51837" box="[545,717,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladomorphini">Cladomorphini</taxonomicName>
, which supports close relation between these two tribes and suggests a sister-group relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD14EBD3274118D2" box="[676,809,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FCD8EBD3207918D2" box="[872,1041,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladomorphini">Cladomorphini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FB96EBD320E518D3" box="[1062,1165,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 409" captionStartId="210.[151,264,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@210.[151,1436,193,1499]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="FIGURES 409. Possible relationships within the subfamily Cladomorphinae sensu lato. The tree shown above is merely meant to visualise the possible relationships here suggested. It does not restrict to defining apomorphies for each clade or taxon, but also uses key-features that are helpful for distinction. Hence, it should not be interpreted as a strict phylogenetic cladogramm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271876/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 409</figureCitation>
). However, since close relation to the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FEC8EBF026D6188F" authority="Zompro, 2004" authorityName="Zompro" authorityYear="2004" box="[376,702,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paraleptyniini">
Paraleptyniini 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FDADEBFF26D6188F" author="Zompro" box="[541,702,1448,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(currently in 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FCEBEBF0207A188F" box="[859,1042,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heteronemiidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FBAEEBF020BB188F" box="[1054,1235,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteronemiinae">Heteronemiinae</taxonomicName>
) is indicated by a good number of characters, 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FE60EB9B263D18AA" box="[464,597,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
might by paraphyletic and any broader discussion on the true relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF05EBB825511B47" box="[181,313,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
would be premature at this point. The serrate anterodorsal carina of the profemora and increasingly shortened gonapophyses VIII of ♀♀ are likely to be autapomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FC63E84320331B62" box="[979,1115,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
. Whether the conspicuously shortened antennae of ♀♀ are plesiomorphic or apomorphic deserves further evaluation but is 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FB74E86E21731B1F" box="[1220,1307,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a priori</emphasis>
interpreted as an autapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FE2EE80B264B1B3A" box="[414,547,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cladoxerini">Cladoxerini</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FDF6E80B26CE1B3B" box="[582,678,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 409" captionStartId="210.[151,264,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@210.[151,1436,193,1499]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="FIGURES 409. Possible relationships within the subfamily Cladomorphinae sensu lato. The tree shown above is merely meant to visualise the possible relationships here suggested. It does not restrict to defining apomorphies for each clade or taxon, but also uses key-features that are helpful for distinction. Hence, it should not be interpreted as a strict phylogenetic cladogramm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271876/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 409</figureCitation>
, since this character is unique within 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FBFAE80B21601B3A" box="[1098,1288,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladomorphinae">Cladomorphinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF77E82821781BD7" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1688]" box="[199,1296,1663,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF77E828250A1BD7" bold="true" box="[199,354,1663,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution:</emphasis>
Southeastern South 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32CFF89FDF9E82826C11BD7" box="[585,681,1663,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">America</collectingCountry>
(SE-Brazil, 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32CFF89FC86E8D727F71BD7" box="[822,927,1664,1688]" name="Paraguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32CFF89FC1BE8D720661BD7" box="[939,1038,1664,1688]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FBA9E82820E01BD7" box="[1049,1160,1663,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32CFF89FBA9E82820E01BD7" box="[1049,1160,1663,1688]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Argentina</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<collectingCountry id="C8C1C1EED32CFF89FB1CE828216B1BD7" box="[1196,1283,1663,1688]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection id="D9599895D32CFF8AFF27E890260F1C4B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="F8CCD2F5D32CFF8AFF27E890260F1C4B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF27E890250E1BAF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1735,1998]" box="[151,358,1735,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="EB213612D32CFF89FF27E890250E1BAF" bold="true" box="[151,358,1735,1760]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF27E890250E1BAF" bold="true" box="[151,358,1735,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Genera included:</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF27E8BB266C1A51" blockId="13.[151,1437,1735,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRef id="69761588D32CFF89FF27E8BB266C1A51" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="journal article">
<title id="C2D26A48D32CFF89FF27E8BB26A21A4E" box="[151,714,1772,1793]" jopScore="0.22158442" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
1. 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FF01E8BB26F01A4E" author="Cladoxerus" box="[177,664,1772,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF01E8BB25771A4E" box="[177,287,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cladoxerus</emphasis>
St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828
</bibRefCitation>
: 445
</title>
. 
<author id="686B699BD32CFF89FD65E8BB21321A4E" box="[725,1370,1772,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Type-species: 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FCD0E8BB20771A4E" box="[864,1055,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cladoxerus gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FB97E8BB21321A4E" author="St" box="[1063,1370,1772,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="1. Cladoxerus St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445. Type-species: Cladoxerus gracilis St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828: 445, by monotypy. (Figs. 1 - 2)" type="journal article" year="1828">St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville</bibRefCitation>
</author>
, 
<year id="C47EC02DD32CFF89FAD5E8BB21F11A4E" box="[1381,1433,1772,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1828</year>
: 
<part id="C4722BE3D32CFF89FF51E95E256F1A51" box="[225,263,1801,1822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="volume">445</part>
, by monotypy. (
<figureCitation id="28ED9DFBD32CFF89FE11E95E25941A51" box="[417,508,1801,1822]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1309,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1287]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923. 1. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 2. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♂: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 3. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) ♀ closeup of head showing the shortened antennae: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares [RNV]; 4. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1825) ♂ apex of abdomen: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Catharina [NHMW, No. 781]; 5. Cladoxerus gracilis (St. Fargeau &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1828) egg in dorsolateral view: Brazil, Sao Paulo [© B. Kneubühler]. Po = Poculum, Vo = Vomer, Cer = Cerci, ML = Micropylar line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figs. 
<pagination id="891F7F8AD32CFF89FE68E95E25941A51" box="[472,508,1801,1822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="pagination">1–2</pagination>
</figureCitation>
)
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF51E97127701A16" blockId="13.[151,1437,1735,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
= 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF46E97126721A74" authority="Saussure, 1861: 127" authorityName="Saussure" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1861" box="[246,538,1830,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF46E97125231A74" box="[246,331,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FEE3E97125801A74" author="Saussure" box="[339,488,1830,1851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
: 127
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD1FE97120F11A74" authority="Saussure, 1861: 127" authorityName="Saussure" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1861" box="[687,1177,1830,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosum" subGenus="Baculum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FD1FE97127A31A74" box="[687,971,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bacillus (Baculum) ramosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FC63E97120001A74" author="Saussure" box="[979,1128,1830,1851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
: 127
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy. [Originally described as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FE56E91326A21A16" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[486,714,1860,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FE56E913265C1A16" box="[486,564,1860,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bacillus</emphasis>
Latreille, 1825
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FD66E91327701A16" bold="true" box="[726,792,1860,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n. syn.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF51E936271C1ADC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1735,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
= 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF44E93625971A39" authority="Kirby, 1889 : 503" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="503" authorityYear="1889" box="[244,511,1889,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Heteronemiidae" genus="Abrachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF44E93625261A39" box="[244,334,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Abrachia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FEE4E93625AE1A39" author="Kirby" box="[340,454,1889,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection of the British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 503
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD22E93627B01A39" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[658,984,1889,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Abrachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FD22E93627351A39" box="[658,861,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Abrachia brevicornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FCD3E93627B01A39" author="Kirby" box="[867,984,1889,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection of the British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy. [Synonymised with 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FE12E92926E61ADC" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[418,654,1918,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FE12E929259F1ADC" box="[418,503,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FE4DE92926E61ADC" author="Saussure" box="[509,654,1918,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FD02E92927571ADC" author="Zompro" box="[690,831,1918,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 135]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32CFF89FF51E9CB26DB1A81" blockId="13.[151,1437,1735,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
= 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF44E9CB26721AFE" authority="Caudell, 1904: 188" authorityName="Caudell" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1904" box="[244,538,1948,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ceratiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF44E9CB25331AFE" box="[244,347,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceratiscus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FED0E9CB25811AFE" author="Caudell" box="[352,489,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Caudell, A. N. (1904) On a collection of non-saltatorial Orthoptera from Paraguay. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 12 (3), 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="1904">Caudell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 188
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FD1BE9CB27981AFE" authority="Caudell, 1904" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1904" box="[683,1008,1948,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ceratiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FD1BE9CB270A1AFE" box="[683,866,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceratiscus laticeps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FCD7E9CB27981AFE" author="Caudell" box="[871,1008,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Caudell, A. N. (1904) On a collection of non-saltatorial Orthoptera from Paraguay. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 12 (3), 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="1904">Caudell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation. [Synonymised with 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32CFF89FF51E9EE25A51A81" authority="Saussure, 1861" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1861" box="[225,461,1977,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32CFF89FF51E9EE255E1A81" box="[225,310,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Baculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FE8CE9EE25A51A81" author="Saussure" box="[316,461,1977,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Saussure, H. de (1861) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, Series 2, 13, 126 - 128." type="journal article" year="1861">Saussure, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32CFF89FE41E9EE26161A81" author="Zompro" box="[497,638,1977,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) A key to the stick-insect genera of the &quot; Areolatae &quot; of the New World, with description of several new taxa. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39 (2), 133 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520412331333783" type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 135]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32FFF8AFF27EEC027671D85" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
2. 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFF1FEEC026281DE3" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 403" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1908" box="[175,576,151,172]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32FFF8AFF1FEEC025201DE3" box="[175,328,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabactridium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32FFF8AFEFDEEC026671DE3" author="Redtenbacher" box="[333,527,151,172]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 403
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFD63EEC020C01DE3" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 403" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1908" box="[723,1192,151,172]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Parabactridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32FFF8AFD63EEC027D81DE3" box="[723,944,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabactridium mirum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32FFF8AFC06EEC020111DE3" author="Redtenbacher" box="[950,1145,151,172]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 403
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy. [Presumably related to the Madagascan 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFDA1EEE226EE1D85" box="[529,646,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Antongiliini">Antongiliini</taxonomicName>
→ see above]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B069817ED32FFF8AFF27EE85260F1C4B" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
3. 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFF1FEE85259A1DA8" authority="Toledo Piza, 1938: 4" authorityName="Toledo Piza" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1938" box="[175,498,210,231]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Wattenwylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32FFF8AFF1FEE85254D1DA8" box="[175,293,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wattenwylia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D447FC8FD32FFF8AFE9AEE8525B31DA8" author="Toledo" box="[298,475,210,231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Toledo Piza, S. de (1938) Novo phasmidas do Brasil e da Argentina (Orth.). Revista de Entomologia, 9 (1 - 2), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1938">Toledo Piza, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</taxonomicName>
. Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFD36EE8520781DA8" authority="Toledo-Piza, 1938: 6" authorityName="Toledo-Piza" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1938" box="[646,1040,210,231]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Wattenwylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliata">
<emphasis id="82A25D6CD32FFF8AFD36EE8527291DA8" box="[646,833,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wattenwylia foliata</emphasis>
Toledo-Piza, 1938: 6
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation. [Here transferred from 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFEE4EEB825911C4B" box="[340,505,239,260]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachymorphinae">Pachymorphinae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="77D6FAFDD32FFF8AFDB2EEB8260A1C4B" box="[514,610,239,260]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gratidiini">Gratidiini</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>