316 lines
27 KiB
XML
316 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="234" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="66" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="2" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="150" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. & Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280–318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Costus ligularis Baker" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1674678486854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>318</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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<subSubSection box="[113,587,360,383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,587,360,383]" box="[113,587,360,383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,333,360,383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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13.
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="YWTP" ID-ENA="1543986" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[153,403,360,383]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,333,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus ligularis</emphasis>
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Baker
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—
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||
<figureCitation box="[440,509,360,383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,145,2083,2101]" captionTargetBox="[317,1254,906,2066]" captionTargetId="figure-551@1.[302,1285,857,2083]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Schematic details (* = node of shoot). a. Ligule shapes (the utmost right one: C. lucanusianus); b. ligule lengths (left: C. lateriflorus); c. 1-flowered bract with 1 bracteole and 1 flower; d. 2-flowered bract with 2 bracteoles and 2 flowers; e. drawing of bract with nectary, 2 appendaged bracts, bracteole with nectary, and ovary and calyx with nectary on apex of lobes. — Drawing by Hendrik Rypkema." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[520,587,360,383]" captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="15.[113,152,1048,1066]" captionTargetBox="[227,456,235,887]" captionTargetId="figure-1342@15.[340,365,544,575]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Map 4 Distribution of Costus dinklagei K. Schum. (●) and C. ligularis Baker (■)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570039/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Map 4</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,405,677]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1862-08" collectionCode="K" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Muni River" municipality="Corisco Bay" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Litoral Prov" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="Baker (1898)" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1898" box="[113,375,405,423]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
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<emphasis box="[113,250,405,423]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus ligularis</emphasis>
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||
Baker (1898)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
298; K.Schum. (1904) 390. —
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||
<typeStatus box="[658,704,405,423]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Mann 1628</emphasis>
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||
(holo
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||
<collectionCode box="[224,237,431,449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">K</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCount box="[241,252,431,449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">2</specimenCount>
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||
sheets),
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||
<collectingCountry box="[331,490,430,449]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[496,599,431,449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Litoral Prov</collectingRegion>
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||
.,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[608,715,430,449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Corisco Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53:B500602FBB29FFE2FD6DFE58FF7AFE44" country="Equatorial Guinea" municipality="Corisco Bay" name="Muni River" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Litoral Prov">Muni River</location>
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||
(‘
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||
<locationDeviation box="[187,317,456,474]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Danger River’</locationDeviation>
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||
),
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||
<date box="[329,422,456,474]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1862-08">
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<collectingDate box="[329,422,456,474]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1862-08">Aug. 1862</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,405,677]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1884-09" collectingDateMax="1884-10-31" collectingDateMin="1884-09" collectionCode="P" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Brazzaville" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Gagnep. (1902 a)" authorityName="Gagnep." authorityYear="1902" box="[113,429,481,499]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="araneosus">
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||
<emphasis box="[113,273,481,499]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus araneosus</emphasis>
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||
Gagnep. (1902a)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
95, syn. nov. —
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||
<typeStatus box="[577,623,481,499]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis box="[632,764,481,499]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">De Brazza 100</emphasis>
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||
(holo
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||
<collectionCode box="[178,194,507,525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">P</collectionCode>
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||
),
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||
<collectingCountry box="[209,371,506,525]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo Brazzaville</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53:B500602FBB29FFE2FEC7FE0CFE0BFD93" box="[379,478,507,525]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Brazzaville" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Brazzaville</location>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[485,626,506,525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1884-09" valueMax="1884-10-31" valueMin="1884-09-00">
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||
<collectingDate box="[485,626,506,525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1884-09" valueMax="1884-10-31" valueMin="1884-09-00">Sept.-Oct. 1884</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,405,677]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1914-10-27" collectionCode="P" country="Gabon" location="Maboumi Camp" municipality="Tchibanga area" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nyanga" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pellegr. (1929)" authorityName="Pellegr." authorityYear="1929" box="[113,410,532,550]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
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<emphasis box="[113,269,532,550]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus fimbriatus</emphasis>
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||
Pellegr. (1929)
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</taxonomicName>
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220, syn. nov. —
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||
<typeStatus box="[576,622,532,550]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis box="[633,763,532,550]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Le Testu 1817</emphasis>
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||
(holo
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||
<collectionCode box="[176,191,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">P</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1914-10-27" collectionCode="BM, BR" country="Gabon" location="Maboumi Camp" municipality="Tchibanga area" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nyanga" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||
iso
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||
<collectionCode box="[228,260,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[267,297,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[304,320,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">P</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[333,395,557,575]" name="Gabon" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[401,472,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Nyanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[478,614,557,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Tchibanga area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53:B500602FBB29FFE2FDD1FDDAFD2FFDA1" box="[621,762,557,575]" country="Gabon" municipality="Tchibanga area" name="Maboumi Camp" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Nyanga">Maboumi Camp</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53:B500602FBB29FFE2FF3CFDB0FED8FDC7" box="[128,269,583,601]" country="Gabon" municipality="Tchibanga area" name="Mayombe bavili" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Nyanga">Mayombe bavili</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[277,393,582,601]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1914-10-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[277,393,582,601]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1914-10-27">27 Oct. 1914</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,405,677]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1917-10-22" collectionCode="BM, BR, P" country="Gabon" location="Nzouna" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ngounie">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pellegr. (1938)" authorityName="Pellegr." authorityYear="1938" box="[113,416,608,626]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ngouniensis">
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<emphasis box="[113,284,608,626]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus ngouniensis</emphasis>
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||
Pellegr. (1938)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
41, nom.nud., without Latin description. — Based on:
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||
<emphasis box="[243,363,633,651]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Le Testu 2238</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[372,405,633,651]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[412,442,633,651]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[448,463,633,651]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">P</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[477,539,633,651]" name="Gabon" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[544,620,633,651]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Ngounié</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB29FFE2FFCDFE9FFA16FE53:B500602FBB29FFE2FDCEFD8EFD6DFD15" box="[626,696,633,651]" country="Gabon" name="Nzouna" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" stateProvince="Ngounie">Nzouna</location>
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||
,
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||
<date pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1917-10-22">
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||
<collectingDate pageId="23" pageNumber="303" value="1917-10-22">22 Oct. 1917</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,700,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
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Terrestrial herb 0.3–0.5(–1.5) m tall.
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<emphasis box="[517,594,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Leaves</emphasis>
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2–6(–8), often condensed at the top of the shoot in an apical rosette; sheaths dark red,
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||
<quantity box="[219,343,758,781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
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diam, sometimes creamy, falling apart into separate fibers with age; ligule dark reddish brown, mem- branous, truncate or 2-lobed,
|
||
<quantity box="[422,525,817,840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; petiole
|
||
<quantity box="[663,764,817,840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; sheaths, ligule and petiole densely to sparsely covered with erect hairs to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[321,379,875,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; lamina sometimes red to purple on lower side, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 9–23 by
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="7.25" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="4.0">4–10.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, 3–5-plicate (
|
||
<emphasis box="[296,489,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Maas et al. 10212</emphasis>
|
||
), chartaceous, upper and lower side densely to sparsely covered with soft erect hairs to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[139,200,992,1015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 10(–15) mm long).
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,478,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
few- to several-flowered, broadly ovoid to globose, 1–4 by
|
||
<quantity box="[459,543,1051,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, terminating the leafy shoot or rarely terminating a separate leafless shoot 2–7(–20) cm long; bracts, appendages of bracts, bracteoles, calyx and ovary sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[133,193,1168,1191]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[252,334,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
1 per bract; bracts apically dark brown-red with darker dots, chartaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, 0.8–1.8 by
|
||
<quantity box="[148,278,1226,1249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, callus absent or present and
|
||
<quantity box="[611,702,1226,1249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; appendages generally present, brownish red, ascending, horizontally spreading or reflexed, broadly ovate, 0.2–0.7(–2) by 0.2–0.5(–2) cm, bracteole boat-shaped,
|
||
<quantity box="[542,640,1314,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus distinct, yellowish to whitish,
|
||
<quantity box="[412,521,1343,1366]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; calyx whitish with pink upper part,
|
||
<quantity box="[282,383,1372,1395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes shallowly triangular,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus absent; corolla hyaline, pink to red to brown,
|
||
<quantity box="[113,229,1431,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="55.0">55–65 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, tube
|
||
<quantity box="[441,553,1431,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes narrowly elliptic,
|
||
<quantity box="[196,316,1460,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="45.0">45–55 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; labellum white to pink on the outer side, inner side white with broad pink to purple margin, base of throat often yellow, no nectar guide present, horizontally flattened, broadly obovate when spread out, 50–80 by
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="40.0">40–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, margin fimbriate, more or less 5-lobed, and crenate; sta- men white, 30–40 by
|
||
<quantity box="[344,465,1606,1629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex yellow to orange, very tip pink, anther
|
||
<quantity box="[277,369,1635,1658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[434,522,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Capsule</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[576,640,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">seeds</emphasis>
|
||
not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,700,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Distribution — Central Africa (Cameroon, Congo Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,700,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Habitat & Ecology — In rainforest, sometimes growing along river banks, in lateritic to sandy soils, at elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[660,760,1752,1775]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[686,764,1752,1775]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="generic">800 m.</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
Flowering and fruiting: all year through, especially in January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[144,626,1810,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,700,1834]" box="[144,626,1810,1834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">IUCN Conservation Status — Least Concern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[113,765,1856,2150]" lastBlockId="23.[824,1475,174,461]" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Notes —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[244,407,1856,1879]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,407,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus ligularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species of small stature that can be distinguished by its dark red sheaths, softly hairy leaves (on both sides), small and dark reddish brown appendaged bracts, very distinct calli on the bracteoles, a pinkish labellum without nectar guide and a relatively small inflorescence (1–4 by
|
||
<quantity box="[147,234,2002,2025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
). The absence of a nectar guide inside the throat of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,291,2031,2054]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,291,2031,2054]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">C. ligularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flower is functionally ‘replaced’ by the yellow apex of the stamen, which is turned upwards and highly visible.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[113,265,2098,2121]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulari">
|
||
<emphasis box="[113,265,2098,2121]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">Costus ligulari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s differs from the similarly looking
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phyllocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">C. phyllocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a small inflorescence of 1–4 by
|
||
<quantity box="[620,702,2127,2150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, com-posed of relatively small dark reddish brown bracts, bracteoles and calyx. The bracts are
|
||
<quantity box="[1108,1231,203,226]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, the appendages
|
||
<quantity box="[824,951,233,256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. The bracteoles are
|
||
<quantity box="[1239,1343,233,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with a callus of
|
||
<quantity box="[920,1032,262,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. This yellowish callus is prominently visible contrasting with the dark reddish brown bracteole. In contrast
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[916,1106,320,344]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phyllocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1106,320,344]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="303">C. phyllocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an inflorescence of 2.5–10 by
|
||
<quantity box="[824,911,350,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, composed of relative large, green to reddish purple bracts, bracteoles and calyx. The bracts are
|
||
<quantity box="[1310,1413,379,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, the appendages
|
||
<quantity box="[999,1099,409,432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.0">1–4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. The bracteoles are
|
||
<quantity box="[1362,1474,409,432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="11.0">11–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with a callus
|
||
<quantity box="[1005,1114,438,461]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; this callus is not very distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |