427 lines
35 KiB
XML
427 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c0dbc52-820c-4f68-912d-1bcaa2227efc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="65" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="64" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. & Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280–318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Costus lucanusianus J. Braun & K. Schum." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1674741517479" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>318</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6c0dbc52-820c-4f68-912d-1bcaa2227efc</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[824,1474,1381,1434]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,1114,1381,1405]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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17.
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="YWTX" ID-ENA="105264" authority="J. Braun & K. Schum." authorityName="J. Braun & K. Schum." box="[867,1352,1381,1405]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,1114,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
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J.Braun & K.Schum.
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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—
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<figureCitation box="[1389,1471,1382,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[113,145,1603,1621]" captionTargetBox="[318,1262,175,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-265@17.[302,1285,161,1601]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4 Costus fenestralis Maas & H.Maas a. Habit showing few leaves in an apical rosette; b. detail of sheaths dilacerating into fibers; c. detail of withered bract; d. detail of bracteole and calyx; e. inflorescence (all: Jongkind et al. 5811, WAG). — Drawing by Hendrik Rypkema." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570045/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[867,945,1411,1434]" captionStart="Map 11" captionStartId="27.[113,152,2136,2154]" captionTargetBox="[113,770,1273,2115]" captionTargetId="figure-1813@27.[0,912,1689,1739]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Map 11 Distribution of Costus lucanusianus J.Braun & K.Schum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7573283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7573283/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Map 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[824,1476,1456,1807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" location="Berlin" municipality="Batanga. As" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="WAG0145874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="J. Braun & K. Schum. (1889)" authorityName="J. Braun & K. Schum." authorityYear="1889" box="[824,1241,1456,1475]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
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<emphasis box="[824,1003,1456,1475]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
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J.Braun & K.Schum.(1889)
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</taxonomicName>
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151; K.Schum.(1904) 392. — Type:
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<emphasis box="[919,1011,1482,1500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Braun s.n.</emphasis>
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(holo
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<collectionCode box="[1067,1080,1482,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">B</collectionCode>
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destroyed),
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<collectingCountry box="[1192,1287,1482,1500]" name="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1296,1434,1482,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">South Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Batanga.As</collectingMunicipality>
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the
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<typeStatus box="[959,1034,1508,1526]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">holotype</typeStatus>
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was destroyed in
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43:B500602FBB27FFECFB1BFA13FB0CFA68" box="[1191,1241,1508,1526]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Batanga. As" name="Berlin" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">Berlin</location>
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and no other type material has been located
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="WAG" country="Cameroon" location="Berlin" municipality="Batanga. As" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="WAG0145874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Province" typeStatus="neotype">
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we hereby select a
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<typeStatus box="[1168,1238,1533,1551]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">neotype</typeStatus>
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from a locality not far from the type locality:
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<emphasis box="[985,1170,1559,1577]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName authority="Andel" authorityName="Andel" box="[985,1073,1559,1577]" pageId="25" pageNumber="313" rank="species" species="van">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43:B500602FBB27FFECFC65F9E0FBE4F9B7" box="[985,1073,1559,1577]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Batanga. As" name="Van Andel" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">Van Andel</location>
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</taxonomicName>
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et al. 3406
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</emphasis>
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(neo
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<collectionCode box="[1220,1266,1559,1577]" collectionName="WAG" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">WAG</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode box="[1275,1405,1559,1577]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">WAG0145874</specimenCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-05-06" collectionCode="KRIBI" country="Cameroon" elevation="350" location="Campo-Ma'an National Park" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Province" typeStatus="isoneotype">
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isoneo
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<collectionCode box="[839,895,1585,1603]" collectionName="KRIBI" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">KRIBI</collectionCode>
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),
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<collectingCountry box="[910,1005,1584,1602]" name="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1015,1154,1584,1603]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">South Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43:B500602FBB27FFECFB37F9C7FA5FF9DD" box="[1163,1418,1584,1603]" country="Cameroon" name="Campo-Ma'an National Park" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">Campo-Ma’an National Park</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43:B500602FBB27FFECFA2FF9C6FCA2F9C2" country="Cameroon" name="Ntem River" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">Ntem River</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB27FFEEFC84FA91FB78FD43:B500602FBB27FFECFCC3F9BDFBD3F9C2" box="[895,1030,1610,1628]" country="Cameroon" name="Ebianemeyong" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">Ebianemeyong</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation box="[1038,1288,1610,1628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">at the foot of Asuangale falls</locationDeviation>
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,
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<quantity box="[1297,1354,1610,1628]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="350.0">
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||
<elevation box="[1297,1354,1610,1628]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date box="[1362,1469,1610,1628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="2001-05-06">
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<collectingDate box="[1362,1469,1610,1628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="2001-05-06">6 May 2001</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="305" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[824,1476,1456,1807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province" typeStatus="Syntypes">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[824,1431,1636,1654]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lucanusianus" variety="major">
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||
<emphasis box="[824,1005,1636,1654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
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J.Braun & K.Schum. var.
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<emphasis box="[1229,1278,1636,1654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">major</emphasis>
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K.Schum. (1904)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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392, syn. nov. —
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<typeStatus box="[948,1032,1661,1679]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<emphasis box="[1041,1132,1661,1679]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Braun s.n.</emphasis>
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||
(
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<collectionCode box="[1144,1158,1661,1679]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">B</collectionCode>
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destroyed),
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<collectingCountry box="[1275,1370,1661,1679]" name="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion pageId="25" pageNumber="305">South Province</collectingRegion>
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, Gross-Batanga
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BM" country="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">
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<emphasis box="[1044,1157,1687,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Zenker 1595</emphasis>
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(
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||
<collectionCode box="[1170,1204,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">BM</collectionCode>
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,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1214,1230,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">E</collectionCode>
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,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1241,1259,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">G</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1269,1285,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">K</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1296,1309,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">L</collectionCode>
|
||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1320,1347,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">LE</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1357,1376,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">M</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1387,1422,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">MO</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1432,1445,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">P</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1455,1471,1687,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">S</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[839,901,1712,1730]" collectionName="WRSL" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">WRSL</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation box="[914,1352,1712,1731]" collectingDate="1894-12-14" country="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="South Province">
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<collectingCountry box="[914,1009,1712,1730]" name="Cameroon" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[1017,1154,1712,1731]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">South Province</collectingRegion>
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, Bipindi,
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<date box="[1232,1352,1713,1731]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="1894-12-14">14 Dec. 1894</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[824,1476,1456,1807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Martinique" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" typeStatus="Type">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[824,1090,1738,1756]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dussii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,939,1738,1756]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Costus dussii</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. (1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
402,f. 45B; Maas (1972) 121. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1377,1423,1738,1756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Duss 2109b</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[950,963,1764,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed; lecto
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1116,1144,1764,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
, selected by Maas 1972),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1376,1471,1764,1782]" name="Martinique" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" value="Martinique">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘Hauteurs du Carbet et Fonds Saint Denis’
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[824,1475,1831,2147]" lastBlockId="27.[113,765,174,1237]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Terrestrial herb, erect but in fruit often bending down,
|
||
<quantity box="[1404,1474,1831,1854]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall.
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,946,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
many; sheaths
|
||
<quantity box="[1118,1223,1860,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam; ligule truncate to slightly 2-lobed, 1–4(–8) mm long, with a basal horizontal rim
|
||
<quantity box="[824,911,1919,1942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high provided with a prominent row of needle-like hairs
|
||
<quantity box="[824,913,1948,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; petiole
|
||
<quantity box="[1047,1147,1948,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; sheaths, ligule and petiole rather densely to sparsely covered with erect hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[1365,1425,1978,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long to glabrous; lamina narrowly elliptic, 12–33 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1329,1429,2007,2030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
, up- per side glabrous, lower side densely to sparsely covered with silvery, mainly erect hairs to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[1162,1224,2066,2089]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long to glabrous, base obtuse to cordate, apex acuminate (acumen
|
||
<quantity box="[1292,1408,2095,2118]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), margin undulate.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1002,1142,2124,2147]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
many-flowered, broadly ovoid to globose, 2–12 by
|
||
<quantity box="[306,394,174,197]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">2–9 cm</quantity>
|
||
, sometimes elongating to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[698,763,174,197]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
in fruit, terminating the leafy shoot; bracts, bracteoles, calyx, ovary and capsule glabrous or sparsely covered with erect and appressed hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[309,369,263,286]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, calyx lobes often rather densely hairy, particularly along the margins.
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,573,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
2 per bract; bracts green, coriaceous, broadly to very broadly ovate-triangular, 1.5–3 by
|
||
<quantity box="[215,322,352,375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, falling apart into separate fibers with age, callus inconspicuous, up to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[426,484,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; appendages absent; bracteole boat-shaped,
|
||
<quantity box="[365,481,412,435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus
|
||
<quantity box="[614,705,412,435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; calyx
|
||
<quantity box="[175,293,441,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes broadly ovate-triangular to trian- gular,
|
||
<quantity box="[177,278,471,494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, horizontally spreading to reflexed, in fruit distinctly exceeding the bracts, callus sometimes present and then
|
||
<quantity box="[168,261,530,553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; corolla white,
|
||
<quantity box="[478,597,530,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, tube
|
||
<quantity box="[167,282,560,583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes elliptic,
|
||
<quantity box="[491,609,560,583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; labellum at the outer side white with dark red upper part, inner side basally white with wide dark reddish margin and yellow to orange nectar guide, funnel-shaped, broadly obovate when spread out, 40–50 by
|
||
<quantity box="[226,349,679,702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="40.0">40–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, margin crenate; stamen white, 30–35 by
|
||
<quantity box="[144,263,709,732]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex dark pink, anther
|
||
<quantity box="[512,612,709,732]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[675,763,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Capsule</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 10–20 by
|
||
<quantity box="[530,633,738,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[646,714,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
1–2 by
|
||
<quantity box="[145,256,768,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570065/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" startId="25.[111,150,2103,2121]" targetBox="[111,765,1166,2147]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[111,763,2103,2147]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[111,179,2103,2121]" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Map 10</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="H. Maar & Maas" authorityName="H. Maar & Maas" box="[325,587,2103,2121]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="25" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="louisii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,442,2103,2121]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">Costus louisii</emphasis>
|
||
H.Maar & Maas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(▲) and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="305">C. tappen- beckianus</emphasis>
|
||
(●).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570069/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" startId="26.[113,160,1993,2011]" targetBox="[151,1437,176,1971]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[113,1475,1993,2088]" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,178,1993,2011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Plate 4</emphasis>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. Habit" authorityName="K. Schum. Habit" box="[217,534,1993,2011]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[217,387,1993,2011]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus macranthus</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. Habit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, flower and details of stamen, stigma and style. – b.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="H. Maas & Maas." authorityName="H. Maas & Maas." box="[999,1275,1993,2011]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[999,1120,1993,2011]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus nimba</emphasis>
|
||
H.Maas & Maas.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Basal inflorescence. – c.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fenzl) K. Schum. Habit" authorityName="K. Schum. Habit" baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" box="[133,497,2018,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[133,291,2018,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fenzl) K.Schum.Habit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with flowers. – d.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J. Braun & K. Schum. Inflorescence" authorityName="J. Braun & K. Schum. Inflorescence" box="[650,1133,2018,2036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[650,831,2018,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
J.Braun & K.Schum. Inflorescence
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 4 flowers.– e.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ridl. Flower." authorityName="Ridl. Flower." class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="talbottii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1430,2018,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus talbottii</emphasis>
|
||
Ridl. Flower.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– f.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="H. Maas & Maas. Inflorescence" authorityName="H. Maas & Maas. Inflorescence" authorityYear="2016" box="[214,601,2044,2062]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="louisii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,329,2044,2062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Costus louisii</emphasis>
|
||
H.Maas & Maas. Inflorescence
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a: Wright 1905: t 7992; b:
|
||
<emphasis box="[836,973,2044,2062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Jongkind 11301</emphasis>
|
||
; c: photographed in Rumonge, SW Burundi, no specimen collected; d:
|
||
<emphasis box="[224,381,2070,2088]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Maas et al. 10000</emphasis>
|
||
; e:
|
||
<emphasis box="[414,560,2070,2088]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Maas et al. 9800</emphasis>
|
||
; f:
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,744,2070,2088]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="306">Maas et al. 10339</emphasis>
|
||
). — Photos: a, b, d–f: P.J.M.Maas; c: E. Fischer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[113,765,174,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Distribution — North East Africa (Ethiopia, South Sudan); West Africa (Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Ni- geria, Sierra Leone, Togo); Central Africa (Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Congo Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé & Principe); East Africa (Uganda); Southern Tropical Africa (Angola).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[113,765,174,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">
|
||
Habitat & Ecology — In savanna forest, secondary forest and swamp forest, in wet places along rivers and road sides, and in plantations, at elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[488,601,1035,1058]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1700 m</quantity>
|
||
. Flowering and fruiting: all year through.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="307" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[113,765,174,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Field observations — Often plants are viviparous, the seedlings emerging from the ripe fruit. As the shoot with the heavy infructescence bends down and reaches the ground, the plantlets can start their life easily.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[144,626,1213,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[113,765,174,1237]" box="[144,626,1213,1237]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">IUCN Conservation Status — Least Concern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[824,1475,174,733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">
|
||
Notes —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[956,1184,174,197]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,1184,174,197]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be recognized by having a row of distinct erect hairs on a horizontal rim at the base of a very short ligule. The flowers have horizontally spreading to reflexed calyx lobes. The labellum is completely white at the outer side contrasting with the inner side which has a dark red margin and dark yellow nectar guide. The lower side of the leaves is densely to sparsely covered with silvery hairs to glabrous. The apex of the stamen is pink and narrowly triangular. Boat-shaped bracteoles can be so compressed inside the inflorescence that they become 2-keeled.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[824,1044,475,498]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,1044,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1341,1411,475,498]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1341,1411,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">Costus lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized, however, by a complete ring of hairs on the nodes, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1158,1231,534,557]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1231,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this ring is incomplete and less hairy. The lower side of the leaves is generally hairy in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[849,1020,592,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[849,1020,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and glabrous in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1197,1268,592,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1268,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The calyx lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[824,989,622,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,989,622,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are horizontally spreading to reflexed and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[851,924,651,674]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,924,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are erect. The ligule in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1180,1352,651,674]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1352,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity box="[1384,1474,651,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long vs
|
||
<quantity box="[905,1005,681,704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1036,1114,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1036,1110,680,704]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">C. afer</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1263,1433,680,704]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1263,1433,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are green, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[991,1062,710,733]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="27" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[991,1062,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="307">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reddish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |