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<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="234" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="66" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="2" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="150" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. &amp; Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB20FFEAFC84FCE2FDFEFA4E" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Costus spectabilis K. Schum." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1674678486854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>61</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>280</mods:start>
<mods:end>318</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB20FFEAFC84FCE2FDFEFA4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB20FFEAFC84FCE2FDFEFA4E" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<subSubSection box="[824,1474,788,812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[824,1474,788,812]" box="[824,1474,788,812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,1073,788,812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
22.
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="YWWF" ID-ENA="329235" authority="(Fenzl) K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" box="[862,1263,788,812]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,1073,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Costus spectabilis</emphasis>
(Fenzl) K.Schum.
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[1299,1388,789,812]" captionStart="Plate 4" captionStartId="26.[113,160,1993,2011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,176,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-10@26.[787,1439,1009,1493]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Plate 4 a. Costus macranthus K.Schum. Habit, flower and details of stamen, stigma and style. b. Costus nimba H.Maas &amp; Maas. Basal inflorescence. c. Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum.Habit with flowers. d. Costus lucanusianus J.Braun &amp; K.Schum. Inflorescence with 4 flowers. e. Costus talbottii Ridl. Flower. f. Costus louisii H.Maas &amp; Maas. Inflorescence (a: Wright 1905: t 7992; b: Jongkind 11301; c: photographed in Rumonge, SW Burundi, no specimen collected; d: Maas et al. 10000; e: Maas et al. 9800; f: Maas et al. 10339). — Photos: a, b, df: P.J.M.Maas; c: E. Fischer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570069/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Plate 4c</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[1396,1474,789,812]" captionStart="Map 13" captionStartId="28.[824,863,1032,1050]" captionTargetBox="[823,1475,173,1013]" captionTargetId="figure-999@28.[733,1662,579,630]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Map 13 Distribution of Costus macranthus K.Schum. (▲) and C. spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum. (●)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570075/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Map 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="30.[824,1476,834,1287]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicName authority="(Fenzl) K. Schum. (1892)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" box="[824,1201,834,852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[824,982,834,852]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Costus spectabilis</emphasis>
(Fenzl) K.Schum. (1892)
</taxonomicName>
422; (1904) 421. —
<taxonomicName authority="Fenzl (1865)" authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1865" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Cadalvena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Cadalvena spectabilis</emphasis>
Fenzl (1865)
</taxonomicName>
140. —
<taxonomicName authority="(Fenzl) Baker (1898)" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Kaempferia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[1137,1342,860,878]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Kaempferia spectabilis</emphasis>
(Fenzl) Baker (1898)
</taxonomicName>
297. —
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1865-06-18" collectionCode="W" country="Sudan" municipality="Fazughli" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[969,1015,886,904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[1022,1120,886,904]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Boriani s.n.</emphasis>
(holo
<collectionCode box="[1172,1191,886,904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">W</collectionCode>
destroyed),
<collectingCountry box="[1302,1362,885,903]" name="Sudan" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1369,1444,886,904]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Fazughli</collectingMunicipality>
(in Aethiopiae terra Fassoglu).
</materialsCitation>
The following collection is selected here as
<materialsCitation box="[839,1315,936,955]" collectingDate="1865-06-18" collectionCode="BM" country="Sudan" municipality="Fazughli" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus box="[839,912,937,955]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">neotype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[919,1081,936,955]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Schweinfurth 1345</emphasis>
(neo
<collectionCode box="[1129,1162,937,955]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">BM</collectionCode>
,designated here;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1865-06-18" collectionCode="G, K, L, P" country="Sudan" municipality="Fazughli" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="isoneotype">
isoneo
<collectionCode box="[1380,1398,936,954]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">G</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1405,1421,937,955]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1428,1441,937,955]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">L</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1449,1465,937,955]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">P</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry box="[839,899,962,980]" name="Sudan" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB20FFEAFC84FCE2FDFEFA4E:B500602FBB20FFEBFC30FC35FC00FC4A" box="[908,981,962,980]" country="Sudan" municipality="Fazughli" name="Gallabat" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Gallabat</location>
(Am linken Ufer der Gendua), June 1865. A drawing in the B herbarium with annotation:
<date box="[1132,1251,988,1006]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1865-06-18">
<collectingDate box="[1132,1251,988,1006]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1865-06-18">18 Juni 1865</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1259,1333,988,1006]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB20FFEAFC84FCE2FDFEFA4E:B500602FBB20FFEBFAEFFC2BFA71FC70" box="[1363,1444,988,1006]" country="Sudan" municipality="Fazughli" name="Gallabas" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Gallabas</location>
, an der Gendua is probably made of
<emphasis box="[1127,1290,1013,1031]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Schweinfurth 1345</emphasis>
, the present neotype of this species
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="30.[824,1476,834,1287]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1879-10" collectionCode="B" country="Angola" location="Prov. Malanje" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Malanje" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1892)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1892" box="[824,1125,1064,1083]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pistiifolius">
<emphasis box="[824,974,1064,1083]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Costus pistiifolius</emphasis>
K.Schum.(1892)
</taxonomicName>
424. —
<taxonomicName authority="(K. Schum.) Baker (1898)" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Cadalvena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pistiifolia">
<emphasis box="[1198,1371,1064,1083]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Cadalvena pistiifolia</emphasis>
(K.Schum.) Baker (1898)
</taxonomicName>
297. —
<typeStatus box="[1029,1075,1090,1108]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[1083,1236,1090,1108]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Von Mechow 315</emphasis>
(holo
<collectionCode box="[1292,1305,1090,1108]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">B</collectionCode>
destroyed;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1879-10" collectionCode="Z" country="Angola" location="Prov. Malanje" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Malanje" typeStatus="lectotype">
lecto
<collectionCode box="[1457,1472,1090,1108]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Z</collectionCode>
, designated here),
<collectingCountry box="[1004,1069,1116,1134]" name="Angola" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1080,1206,1116,1134]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Prov. Malanje</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1217,1287,1116,1134]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Malanje</collectingRegion>
(Malandsche),
<date pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1879-10">
<collectingDate pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1879-10">Oct. 1879</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[824,1476,834,1287]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1909-07-30" collectingDateMax="1911-06-12" collectingDateMin="1909-07-30" collectionCode="K" country="Nigeria" location="Kilba Country" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Kilba Country" typeStatus="lectotype">
<taxonomicName authority="C. H. Wright (1912)" authorityName="C. H. Wright" authorityYear="1912" box="[824,1153,1167,1185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Cadalvena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dalzielii">
<emphasis box="[824,989,1167,1185]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Cadalvena dalzielii</emphasis>
C.H.Wright (1912)
</taxonomicName>
195; C.H.Wright (1915) t. 3013, syn. nov. —
<typeStatus box="[905,951,1193,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[960,1059,1193,1211]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Dalziel 229</emphasis>
(lecto
<collectionCode box="[1121,1137,1193,1211]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">K</collectionCode>
, designated here),
<collectingCountry box="[1308,1374,1193,1211]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, Yola Prov- ince,
<collectingRegion box="[886,1007,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Kilba Country</collectingRegion>
,
<date box="[1014,1129,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1909-07-30">
<collectingDate box="[1014,1129,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1909-07-30">30 July 1909</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1909-07-30" collectingDateMax="1911-06-12" collectingDateMin="1909-07-30" collectionCode="E" country="Nigeria" location="Kilba Country" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Kilba Country" typeStatus="syntype">
other
<typeStatus box="[1187,1258,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">syntype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[1266,1364,1218,1236]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Dalziel 560</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1374,1388,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">K</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[1394,1405,1218,1236]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">2</specimenCount>
sheets,
<collectionCode box="[839,852,1244,1262]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">E</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[857,868,1244,1262]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">2</specimenCount>
sheets),
<collectingCountry box="[948,1014,1244,1262]" name="Nigeria" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, South of
<collectingRegion box="[1098,1242,1244,1262]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Sokota Province</collectingRegion>
and throughout
<collectingRegion pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Kontagora Province</collectingRegion>
,
<date box="[927,1048,1269,1287]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1911-06-12">
<collectingDate box="[927,1048,1269,1287]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" value="1911-06-12">12 June 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[824,1475,1311,2148]" lastBlockId="31.[113,765,172,1016]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
Terrestrial shootless rosulate herb to c.
<quantity box="[1258,1321,1311,1334]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
tall; rhizomes vertically directed, to c.
<quantity box="[1093,1163,1340,1363]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
deep; horizontal runners to
<quantity box="[824,920,1369,1392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">520 cm</quantity>
long, (1)
<quantity box="[1024,1119,1369,1392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">39 mm</quantity>
diam, both rhizomes and runners covered with brownish, imbricate, membranous sheaths; roots with side roots up to c.
<quantity box="[1059,1122,1427,1450]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis box="[1184,1261,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Leaves</emphasis>
4 per shoot, forming a funnel when young, later spreading horizontally and forming a rosette of partly overlapping leaves flat on the ground; ligule and petiole absent; lamina bright yellowish green above, paler green with reddish venation to completely reddish below, often with (dark) reddish margins
<quantity box="[1120,1229,1572,1595]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.51 mm</quantity>
wide, definitively thick- ened and fleshy, imbricate, broadly obovate to broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 415(17) by
<quantity box="[1147,1246,1630,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="10.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="4.0">417 cm</quantity>
, upper side glabrous, lower side densely covered with soft, erect hairs &lt;
<quantity box="[1356,1416,1659,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, margin ciliate, base attenuate, extreme base of leaf fleshy to c.
<quantity box="[849,908,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
thick and
<quantity box="[1016,1134,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="10.0">1035 mm</quantity>
long, at an angle of 90° with the lamina surrounding the inflorescence, apex obtuse and often mucronate.
<emphasis box="[950,1093,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal, formed in the centre of the rosette, up to 17-flowered, basally enclosed by the more or less overlapping fleshy extreme base of the leaf laminas and by the uppermost 45 (whitish and fleshy) sheaths; sheaths 24 by
<quantity box="[912,1041,1892,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.53.5 cm</quantity>
, apex rounded, upper part reflexed with a horizontal rim of
<quantity box="[1032,1155,1921,1944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.70.8 cm</quantity>
high, together forming a cup of
<quantity box="[851,975,1950,1973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.8">0.82.5 cm</quantity>
diam around the inflorescence; the uppermost sheaths, outer side of bracts, bracteoles, calyx and apex of ovary densely to sparsely covered with soft, erect hairs &lt;
<quantity box="[1414,1474,2008,2031]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long to glabrous, capsule glabrous.
<emphasis box="[1199,1283,2037,2060]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Flowers</emphasis>
1 per bract, erect; bracts reddish, membranous, narrowly triangular, 1.73.2 by
<quantity box="[824,948,2095,2118]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.60.8 cm</quantity>
, callus yellow, inconspicuous; appendages absent; bracteole boat-shaped,
<quantity box="[1082,1189,2125,2148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="8.0">825 mm</quantity>
long, callus absent; calyx reddish, green, or purple,
<quantity box="[393,512,172,195]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">1530 mm</quantity>
long, split on one side, lobes 2, narrowly triangular, c.
<quantity box="[424,482,202,225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, callus inconspicuous; corolla hyaline, pale yellow to pale orange,
<quantity box="[575,704,231,254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="40.0">40100 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, tube
<quantity box="[265,381,260,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="20.0">2045 mm</quantity>
long, lobes narrowly ovate-triangular,
<quantity box="[113,233,290,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="20.0">2055 mm</quantity>
long; labellum dark yellow to orange, horizontally flattened, obtriangular to obovate to suborbicular when spread out, 5070 by
<quantity box="[269,392,348,371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">3050 mm</quantity>
, margin crenate; stamen orange to yellow, 1540(60) by
<quantity box="[370,465,378,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 mm</quantity>
, anther 47(12) mm long.
<emphasis box="[113,201,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Capsule</emphasis>
subterranean, ellipsoid, 612 by
<quantity box="[551,639,407,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">47 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis box="[651,719,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Seeds</emphasis>
c. 2 by
<quantity box="[145,209,436,459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<table box="[114,727,1514,2147]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<paragraph box="[156,180,1514,1537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<tr box="[114,727,1514,1598]" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th box="[114,181,1514,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">((</th>
</tr>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570077" box="[114,614,2129,2147]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570077/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" startId="30.[114,153,2129,2147]" targetBox="[113,766,1374,2147]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph blockId="30.[114,614,2129,2147]" box="[114,614,2129,2147]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<tr box="[114,727,2129,2147]" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<th box="[114,181,2129,2147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,181,2129,2147]" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Map 14</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[197,727,2129,2147]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">
Distribution of
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." box="[324,614,2129,2147]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phyllocephalus">
<emphasis box="[324,521,2129,2147]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="310">Costus phyllocephalus</emphasis>
K.Schum.
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</table>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="31.[113,765,172,1016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Distribution — North Africa (Egypt); North East Africa (Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan); West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Ni- geria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo); Central Africa (Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Congo Kinshasa, Gabon); East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Ugan- da); Southern Tropical Africa (Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="311" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="31.[113,765,172,1016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">
Habitat &amp; Ecology — Often in savanna woodland (with e.g.
<emphasis box="[113,265,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Brachystegiae</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[281,364,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Primary</emphasis>
, etc.), on clayey to loamy soil, or on rocky outcrops, often on ant hills, at elevations of
<quantity box="[645,760,759,782]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="0.0">02000 m</quantity>
. Flowering and fruiting: April to December, mostly in October and December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="311" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="31.[113,765,172,1016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">
Field observations — Completely leafless flowering specimens have been collected in May June and OctoberDe- cember. Information on the labels of
<emphasis box="[517,715,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Michel &amp; Reed 70</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[113,284,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Schlieben 1560</emphasis>
mentions the appearance of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" box="[616,763,935,958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Kaempferia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[616,763,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
soon after burning.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[144,626,993,1016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="31.[113,765,172,1016]" box="[144,626,993,1016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">IUCN Conservation Status — Least Concern.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[113,765,1039,1488]" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">
Notes —
<taxonomicName box="[244,439,1039,1062]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[244,439,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Costus spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by its four horizontally spreading leaves forming a cruciform rosette flat on the ground, with an inflorescence in the centre producing large yellow flowers. For morphological differences between
<taxonomicName box="[534,676,1164,1187]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[534,676,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the only other shootless rosulate species
<taxonomicName box="[501,654,1193,1216]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthus">
<emphasis box="[501,654,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. macranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see under the latter. Both
<taxonomicName box="[169,311,1260,1283]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[169,311,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[364,519,1260,1283]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthus">
<emphasis box="[364,519,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. macranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in the region between E2835° and S615° in
<collectingCountry box="[433,510,1289,1312]" name="Malawi" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[517,656,1289,1312]" name="Mozambique" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[663,761,1289,1312]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[113,200,1319,1342]" name="Uganda" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[208,287,1319,1342]" name="Zambia" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[336,449,1319,1342]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
.All collections of
<taxonomicName box="[625,763,1319,1342]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[625,763,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found in an area where
<taxonomicName box="[503,662,1348,1371]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthus">
<emphasis box="[503,662,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. macranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been collected. However,
<taxonomicName box="[388,531,1377,1400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis box="[388,531,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in a much wider area than
<taxonomicName box="[370,525,1407,1430]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthus">
<emphasis box="[370,525,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="311">C. macranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: between
<geoCoordinate box="[636,698,1407,1430]" degrees="13" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" precision="55555" value="-13.0">W13°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[710,764,1407,1430]" degrees="33" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" precision="55555" value="33.0">E33°</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate box="[160,214,1436,1459]" degrees="12" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" precision="55555" value="12.0">N12°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[227,282,1436,1459]" degrees="15" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="311" precision="55555" value="-15.0">S15°</geoCoordinate>
and therefore in more countries, especially in Western Africa (see map 1 of Lock 1984).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>