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<document id="640DCF52030BC3CCD238E5D2CE306602" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4911.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448898" ID-ZooBank="361E198B-5F04-4E5F-824A-73F488AB4A8B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1611043012182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="David, Patrick, Vogel, Gernot, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Orlov, Nikolai L., Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Teynié, Alexandre &amp; Ziegler, Thomas" docDate="2021" docId="383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4911.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4911 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Hebius taronensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="C4039439FF8FFFEAFFFDFFF6FFF3C80F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the dark-bellied, stream-dwelling snakes of the genus Hebius (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China, Vietnam and Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1730213606799" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="39E46C5026FC530C9C7C0C716A26B8D3">A revision of the dark-bellied, stream-dwelling snakes of the genus Hebius (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China, Vietnam and Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="0801A08C1FF9E4A73BA3F8E228F84789">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE033AAB42EB4060CB94D519C238A9B8">Reptiles &amp; Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DBF9E59CD8125818A32A7CB691F79CF" type="email">patrick.david@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5AD0F33A757C4829B6ECF91571B7FD6C">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A11E2B3C553042D61C3B7DE9637EA299">Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, Im Sand 3, D- 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. Gernot. Vogel @ t-online. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4542 - 518 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="777211039B6AD0BC0094FE459C540EA5" type="email">Vogel@t-online.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="22CABFE01F906E2CB6E081F83B6FD90C">Nguyen, Truong Quang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="30414A1C85C95A2F724E8CC80DE182F3">Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam. nqt 2 @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6601 - 0880</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6BC487EC7392EE93669A4DCACBF28FDC" type="email">nqt2@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="44A3E591F9A152FB7F2BBA049FBE7F3B">Orlov, Nikolai L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F31F5F465D1FF5FF1878C830F441BB97">Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. azemiops @ zin. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4401 - 348 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="350A147E1339AED5AAF578C660E3F17A" type="email">azemiops@zin.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB5C9D0AB7F702329B055E702B43F70C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2234400CD88418D1E1907319BCE42D19">Pauwels, Olivier S. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="25D9D39719A82CAF748855A17D3C3D60">Département des Vertébrés Récents, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium. osgpauwels @ yahoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3265 - 5496</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5F8EA10A8AE7806ADEEA5B286A5ED61" type="email">osgpauwels@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4401383B62A158BF3207F3DFB88A3C0D">Teynié, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B19C7E4580C5A93E6D72D95A4C97C274">Société d’Histoire Naturelle Alcide d’Orbigny, 57 rue de Gergovie, F- 63170 Aubière, France. alexandre. teynie @ inrae. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6588 - 229 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1503D11DB6AFE8CC291BE9E5310A3492" type="email">alexandre.teynie@inrae.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="ED51B0D39FB4F8DFB8F106963A44DF31">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E55AC5BB9EC2F622329FBE70B0822EA1">Ziegler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46477FDA08D54C2D6FAC77D6851558E7">Reptiles &amp; Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X &amp; AG Zoologischer Garten K ̂ ln, Riehler Str. 173, D- 50735 K ̂ ln, Germany. ziegler @ koelnerzoo. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4797 - 609 X Corresponding author &amp; Reptiles &amp; Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A758546BC3754CFE2BE1CAA574F32A5A" type="email">patrick.david@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BFCBE97245A60FE891EDA33F5F2EB2A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C519D08FB40491CEE052191A7344054A">
<mods:title id="8A027C6038A007CE8E469F448876093D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9C2925B23B7F728686DB640F11C951BF">
<mods:date id="B26C034B9280D95083D59F84E2F9AC57">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CE69A014B1756922B4A6722F60423AFC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="26827AD95DF24EE9A739B43AEBE7EFA7">2021-01-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D76D137377526C6F217DC16E66E627EC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="047D80CABA1EA9D6B9548F60C389F9D3">4911</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="24D511036F2B160B43CFE58505D6F75D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FB1963C7E80A40AAA7E820FBD313AA6C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FAA988ECB7155FEC999BD4F319925DCA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1D663E6B4033DFAABADF44FC80DECE32">61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="93E17EED383DCAF84EFA34CCD8F5915D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B2031C5E36B0398865DE010861A6AE4D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4911.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9526FEA153B7621FD67AE47D0249195" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6622C0932F3F17F681FCA0C5738A9857" type="Zenodo-Dep">4448898</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D899E2DC2874531C09007FE56F319A38" type="ZooBank">361E198B-5F04-4E5F-824A-73F488AB4A8B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF6AFDB0FDCCCA6F" box="[151,575,582,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFDB0FDCCCA6F" blockId="18.[151,575,582,646]" box="[151,575,582,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFDB0FDCCCA6F" bold="true" box="[151,575,582,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
3.
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF48FDB0FDCCCA6F" ID-CoL="8KPDM" authority="(Smith, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[181,575,582,609]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF48FDB0FE63CA6E" bold="true" box="[181,400,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius taronensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE62FDB0FDC5CA6F" author="Smith, M. A." box="[415,566,582,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref50852" refString="Smith, M. A. (1940) The amphibians and reptiles obtained by Mr. Ronald Kaulback in Upper Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 43 (3), 465 - 486, pl. 7." type="journal article" year="1940">Smith, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF6AFD9DFEE1CA89" box="[151,274,619,646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFD9DFEE1CA89" blockId="18.[151,575,582,646]" box="[151,274,619,646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF9DFFF8FF62FD9DFEF9CA89" box="[159,266,619,646]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="21.[151,260,1965,1991]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,260,1009,1035]" captionTargetBox-0="[418,1169,270,1940]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,179,985]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@21.[418,1169,270,1940]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@22.[189,1398,179,985]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Hebius taronensis Smith, holotype (BMNH 1946.1.13.55)—A: dorsal view; B: ventral view; C: lateral view of the head, right side; D: close-up dorsal view of the head. Photographs: Gernot Vogel." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Hebius taronensis Smith, alive—Specimen from Lake Indawgyi, Mohnyin Township, Kachin State, Myanmar. Photograph: Nikolay Poyarkov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463754" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463758" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4463754/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4463758/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF6AFD46FD9CCAC8" box="[151,623,687,711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFD46FD9CCAC8" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,623,687,711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFD46FDA2CAC8" authority="Smith, 1940: 482" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="482" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,593,687,711]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venningi" subSpecies="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFD46FE53CAC8" box="[151,416,688,711]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natrix venningi taronensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE59FD59FDA2CAC8" author="Smith, M. A." box="[420,593,687,711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref50852" refString="Smith, M. A. (1940) The amphibians and reptiles obtained by Mr. Ronald Kaulback in Upper Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 43 (3), 465 - 486, pl. 7." type="journal article" year="1940">Smith, 1940: 482</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FD92FD59FC7ACB0A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FD92FD59FC7ACB0A" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FD92FD59FC76CB0A" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Ronald Kaulback" country="Myanmar" county="Putao District" latitude="27.716667" location="Pannandin" longLatPrecision="1235" longitude="97.86667" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1.13.55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kachin State" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FD92FD59FD04CAC8" bold="true" box="[623,759,687,711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type locality</emphasis>
. “Pangnamdim”, now
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC25FD59FBB5CAC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC25FD59FBB5CAC8" box="[984,1094,687,711]" country="Myanmar" county="Putao District" latitude="27.716667" longLatPrecision="1235" longitude="97.86667" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Pannandin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin State">Pannandin</location>
, about
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FB74FD59FB10CAC8" box="[1161,1251,687,711]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.716667">27°43’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FB16FD59FAB0CAC8" box="[1259,1347,687,711]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="97.86667">97°52’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5048C72DFF9DFFF8FAB6FD46FE91CAE9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nawngmun Township</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="594D25DBFF9DFFF8FE93FD38FDF3CAE9" box="[366,512,718,742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Putao District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9DFFF8FDF6FD38FD61CAE9" box="[523,658,718,742]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9DFFF8FD63FD38FCF1CAE9" box="[670,770,718,742]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
.—
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCE2FD38FC71CAE9" bold="true" box="[799,898,718,742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF9DFFF8FCE2FD38FC71CAE9" box="[799,898,718,742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCode id="E035F52CFF9DFFF8FC6DFD38FB99CAE9" box="[912,1130,718,742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH 1946.1.13.55</specimenCode>
(originally BM 1940.1.6.93),
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF9DFFF8FF3AFD1AFF09CB0B" box="[199,250,748,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF9DFFF8FEFDFD1AFEC7CB0B" box="[256,308,748,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">male</specimenCount>
; collected and deposited by
<collectorName id="1D663881FF9DFFF8FDAEFD1AFCF5CB0B" box="[595,774,748,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ronald Kaulback</collectorName>
, 1937–1939
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF6AFCFAFD62CB91" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFCFAFD87CB2C" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,628,779,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFCFAFE56CB2C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,421,780,803]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venningi" subSpecies="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFCFAFE56CB2C" box="[151,421,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natrix venningi taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE3FFCFDFD83CB2C" author="Smith, M. A." box="[450,624,779,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref50894" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943: 286</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFCDCFA94CB4D" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,1383,810,834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFCDCFE29CB4E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,474,810,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venningi" subSpecies="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFCDCFE29CB4E" box="[151,474,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Amphiesma venningi taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE0AFCDCFCFDCB4D" author="Captain, A. &amp; Bhatt, B." box="[503,782,810,834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="354 - 358" refId="ref46041" refString="Captain, A. &amp; Bhatt, B. (2002) First record of Amphiesma venningi (Wall, 1910) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae) from India, with remarks on its subspecies. Hamadryad, 26 (2), 354 - 358. [2001]" type="journal article" year="2002">Captain &amp; Bhatt 2002: 354</bibRefCitation>
, 355;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FCB1FCDCFC1DCB4D" author="Welch, K. R. G." box="[844,1006,810,834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52236" refString="Welch, K. R. G. (1988) Snakes of the Orient: a checklist. Robert F. Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, Florida, vii + 183 pp." type="book" year="1988">Welch 1988: 34</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FC04FCDCFB6FCB4D" author="Zhao, E. M." box="[1017,1180,810,834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52896" refString="Zhao, E. M. (2006) Zhongguo Shelei. Vols. I &amp; II. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House Publishing, Hefei (Anhui Province). 372 pp. &amp; 279 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2006">Zhao 2006: 175</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FB5AFCDCFA90CB4D" author="Sharma, R. C." box="[1191,1379,810,834]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref50816" refString="Sharma, R. C. (2007) Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Reptilia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, vi + 410 pp." type="book" year="2007">Sharma 2007: 208</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFCBFFD30CB6F" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,707,840,865]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFCBFFE3ACB6F" box="[151,457,841,864]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Paranatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venningi" subSpecies="taronenis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFCBFFE3ACB6F" box="[151,457,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paranatrix venningi taronenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE1BFCBEFD4CCB6F" author="Mahendra, B. C." box="[486,703,840,865]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 412" refId="ref48788" refString="Mahendra, B. C. (1984) Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Annals of Zoology, Agra, (B), 22, i-xvi + 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1984">Mahendra 1984: 245</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFC91FA84CB70" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,1399,871,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFC91FE84CB70" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,375,871,895]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronense">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFC91FE84CB70" box="[151,375,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Amphiesma taronense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE68FC9EFDDECB70" author="Das, I." box="[405,557,871,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46784" refString="Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the Reptiles of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London-Cape Town-Sydney- Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das 2010: 335</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FDC5FC9EFD3DCB70" author="Das, I." box="[568,718,871,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46816" refString="Das, I. (2012) A naturalist's guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufroy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das 2012: 151</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FD25FC91FC30CB70" author="Wallach, V. &amp; Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J." box="[728,963,871,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52073" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the world. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xxvii + 1209 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Wallach
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCCCFC9EFC97CB70" box="[817,868,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 33
</bibRefCitation>
(in part: mention from
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9DFFF8FB4FFC91FAC7CB70" box="[1202,1332,871,895]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
only).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFC70FD62CB91" blockId="18.[151,1437,687,926]" box="[151,657,902,926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF6AFC70FEBDCB92" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,334,902,926]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFC70FEBDCB92" box="[151,334,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE91FC70FDD3CB91" author="Boundy, J." box="[364,544,902,926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref45410" refString="Boundy, J. (2020) Snakes of the World. A Supplement. CRC Press, Boca Raton - London - New York, vii + 273 pp." type="book" year="2020">Boundy 2020: 92</bibRefCitation>
; this work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF6AFC3AFF3FCD09" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF6AFC3AFF3FCD09" blockId="18.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AFC3AFE36CBE9" bold="true" box="[151,453,972,998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Specimens examined (14)</emphasis>
.—
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FE15FC3AFCB8CC20" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9DFFF8FE15FC3AFD93CBE9" box="[488,608,972,998]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FE15FC3AFD93CBE9" bold="true" box="[488,608,972,998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myanmar</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9DFFF8FD92FC3AFCF0CBE9" box="[623,771,972,998]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
. BMNH 1936.7.4.31, “Nam Ti Valley, Upper Burma”, now Ratnamhti (
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FEE0FC06FE72CC04" box="[285,385,1008,1035]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.583334">27°35’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FE73FC06FE1CCC05" box="[398,495,1008,1034]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="97.78333">97°47’E</geoCoordinate>
), north of the village of Alangdunhku, at about mid-distance
<locationDeviation id="A19E4475FF9DFFF8FB57FC06FE20CC21" firstLocation="Langtao" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" secondLocation="Nawngmun, Putao District">between Langtao and Nawngmun, Putao District</locationDeviation>
; BMNH 1946.13.55 (
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF9DFFF8FD2AFBE2FCCCCC20" box="[727,831,1044,1071]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FCA5FBE3FC8FCC5D" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
BMNH 1946.1.7.92–97, “Pangnamdin”,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FAC9FBE2FA6BCC21" box="[1332,1432,1044,1070]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.7">27°42’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FF6AFBCEFF0BCC5C" box="[151,248,1080,1107]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="97.9">97°54’E</geoCoordinate>
, now
<collectingCounty id="594D25DBFF9DFFF8FEBCFBCEFE49CC5D" box="[321,442,1080,1106]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pannandin</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5048C72DFF9DFFF8FE34FBCFFD34CC5D" box="[457,711,1080,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nawngmun Township</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FD28FBCFFC8BCC5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FD28FBCFFC8BCC5D" box="[725,888,1080,1107]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Putao District" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Putao District</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FC7BFBCFFCCDCC79" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
BMNH 1974.885–886, “Pangnamdin,
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9DFFF8FABCFBCEFA6BCC5D" box="[1345,1432,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF9DFFF8FABCFBCEFA6BCC5D" box="[1345,1432,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FF6AFBAAFF09CC79" box="[151,250,1116,1142]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.7">27°42’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FEFAFBAAFE9ACC78" box="[263,361,1116,1143]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="97.9">97°54’E</geoCoordinate>
”, now
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FE44FBAAFDC1CC79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FE44FBAAFDC1CC79" box="[441,562,1116,1142]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Pannandin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Pannandin</location>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FDC3FBABFCC9CC79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FDC3FBABFCC9CC79" box="[574,826,1116,1143]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Nawngmun Township</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FCBBFBABFB65CC95" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
BMNH 1946.1.13.44, “Aliwang, Taron Valley”, now
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FF6AFB76FF0FCC95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FF6AFB76FF0FCC95" box="[151,252,1152,1178]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Alawang" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Alawang</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FEF0FB76FE83CC95" box="[269,368,1152,1178]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.7">27°42’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FE80FB76FE2DCC95" box="[381,478,1152,1178]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="98.13333">98°08’E</geoCoordinate>
), near
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FDD6FB77FD8ECC94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FDD6FB77FD8ECC94" box="[555,637,1153,1179]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Renam" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Renam</location>
, in the valley of the
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC98FB77FC14CC94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC98FB77FC14CC94" box="[869,999,1153,1179]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Nam Taron" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Nam Taron</location>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC0EFB77FB61CC95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FC0EFB77FB61CC95" box="[1011,1170,1152,1179]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Putao District" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Putao District</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FB63FB76FB37CCB1" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
CAS 221298,
<locationDeviation id="A19E4475FF9DFFF8FAC2FB76FE8DCCB1" firstLocation="Alonga" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" secondLocation="Ahtonga">between Alonga and Ahtonga</locationDeviation>
bridge,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FE26FB52FD9CCCB0" box="[475,623,1188,1215]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="51.3" value="27.280916">27°16’51.3N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FD87FB52FCFFCCB0" box="[634,780,1188,1215]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="97.758835">97°45’31.8E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FCEAFB52FBE4CCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FCEAFB52FBE4CCB1" box="[791,1047,1188,1214]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Machanbaw Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Machanbaw Township</location>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FBDFFB53FB33CCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FBDFFB53FB33CCB1" box="[1058,1216,1188,1215]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Putao District" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Putao District</location>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF9DFFF8FB36FB52FF3BCD09" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" elevation="914" latitude="27.72464" location="Putao District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
CAS 224426–427:
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FF6AFB3EFE9ACCED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FF6AFB3EFE9ACCED" box="[151,361,1224,1250]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Pannandin Village" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Pannandin Village</location>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FE89FB3EFD48CCED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FE89FB3EFD48CCED" box="[372,699,1224,1250]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Hkakabo Razi National Park" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Hkakabo Razi National Park</location>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FD3AFB3FFC31CCED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FD3AFB3FFC31CCED" box="[711,962,1224,1251]" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Nawngmun Township" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Nawngmun Township</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FC33FB3EFB9CCCED" box="[974,1135,1224,1250]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="28.7" value="27.72464">27°43’28.7”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9DFFF8FB87FB3EFAEBCCEC" box="[1146,1304,1224,1251]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="09.5" value="97.86931">97°52’09.5”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FAD9FB3FFF3BCD09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF9DFFFFFF6AFDB0FDB5C8F6:B54C0B8CFF9DFFF8FAD9FB3FFF3BCD09" country="Myanmar" county="Pannandin" latitude="27.72464" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.86931" municipality="Nawngmun Township" name="Putao District" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kachin">Putao District</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF8FF3AFAE6FD53CED5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF3AFAE6FC17CD99" blockId="18.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF3AFAE6FE3FCD25" bold="true" box="[199,460,1296,1322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
.—This taxon was described as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FC0DFAE6FAB0CD25" authority="(Wall, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1008,1347,1296,1322]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FC0DFAE6FB5BCD25" box="[1008,1192,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius venningi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FB44FAE6FAC8CD25" author="Wall, F." box="[1209,1339,1296,1322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="345 - 346" refId="ref51874" refString="Wall, F. (1910) A new Tropidonotus from the Chin Hills. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 20 (2), 345 - 346." type="journal article" year="1910">Wall, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently, it has rarely been cited as a valid taxon in the literature. It has even been overlooked, for example, by
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FAA8FAC2FE88CD7D" author="Dowling, H. G. &amp; Jenner, J. V." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref47385" refString="Dowling, H. G. &amp; Jenner, J. V. (1988) Snakes of Burma. Checklist of reported species and bibliography. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 76, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 23317515.76.1" type="journal article" year="1988">Dowling &amp; Jenner (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE0AFAAFFD9ECD7D" author="Das, I." box="[503,621,1368,1395]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46784" refString="Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the Reptiles of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London-Cape Town-Sydney- Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das (2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FD85FAAEFD47CD7D" author="Das, I." box="[632,692,1368,1394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46816" refString="Das, I. (2012) A naturalist's guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufroy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FD3BFAAEFC5CCD7D" author="Wallach, V. &amp; Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J." box="[710,943,1368,1395]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52073" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the world. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xxvii + 1209 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Wallach
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCDAFAAFFCA4CD7D" box="[807,855,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FC19FAAEFB7DCD7D" author="Boundy, J." box="[996,1166,1368,1394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref45410" refString="Boundy, J. (2020) Snakes of the World. A Supplement. CRC Press, Boca Raton - London - New York, vii + 273 pp." type="book" year="2020">Boundy (2020)</bibRefCitation>
recognized this taxon at full species level, although without justification. This species is monotypic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF3AFA56FA93CE44" blockId="18.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
On the basis of the differences in morphology between
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FCC0FA57FBF5CDB5" box="[829,1030,1441,1466]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="venningi" variety="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCC0FA57FBF5CDB5" box="[829,1030,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natrix v. venningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FBC2FA57FA98CDB5" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1940" box="[1087,1387,1441,1466]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="venningi" subSpecies="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FBC2FA57FA98CDB5" box="[1087,1387,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natrix venningi taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed below and of their allopatric distribution, we consider them to be distinct at the specific level. This position has already been previously adopted in the list of snakes of
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9DFFF8FCB1FA1FFC4ACE0C" box="[844,953,1513,1539]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
provided on the website of the California Academy of Sciences, by
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FE46F9FBFD99CE28" author="Das, I." box="[443,618,1548,1575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46784" refString="Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the Reptiles of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London-Cape Town-Sydney- Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das (2010: 335</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FD8BF9FAFD1BCE28" author="Das, I." box="[630,744,1548,1575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46816" refString="Das, I. (2012) A naturalist's guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufroy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">2012: 151</bibRefCitation>
) and by
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FCB4F9FAFB90CE29" author="Wallach, V. &amp; Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J." box="[841,1123,1548,1574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52073" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. &amp; Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the world. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xxvii + 1209 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Wallach
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FC56F9FBFC17CE29" box="[939,996,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 33)
</bibRefCitation>
; see the details above under the account of
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FEC0F9C7FE4CCE45" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[317,447,1585,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FEC0F9C7FE4CCE45" box="[317,447,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. venningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Following
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9DFFF8FDB5F9C6FCF8CE45" author="Guo, P. &amp; Zhu, F. &amp; Liu, Q. &amp; Zhang, L. &amp; Li, J. X. &amp; Huang, Y. Y. &amp; Pyron, R. A." box="[584,779,1584,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="425 - 440" refId="ref47938" refString="Guo, P., Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Li, J. X., Huang, Y. Y. &amp; Pyron, R. A. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Asian keelback snakes, genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3873 (4), 425 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
Guo
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FD82F9C7FD43CE45" box="[639,688,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, the species
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FC6AF9C7FBF8CE45" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[919,1035,1585,1610]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FC6AF9C7FBF8CE45" box="[919,1035,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FAF7F9C6FAAACE45" authorityName="David &amp; Vogel &amp; Nguyen &amp; Orlov &amp; Pauwels &amp; Teynié &amp; Ziegler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1290,1369,1584,1610]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FAF7F9C6FAAACE45" box="[1290,1369,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF8FF3AF9A2FD53CED5" blockId="18.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FF3AF9A2FE60CE61" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[199,403,1620,1646]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF3AF9A2FE60CE61" box="[199,403,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be confused with
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FD60F9A3FCCECE61" box="[669,829,1621,1646]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FD60F9A3FCCECE61" box="[669,829,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the tail length and dorsal pattern in life are quite different. Our data show that these taxa differ by constant characters and should be considered distinct species; see above under the account of
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FE08F96BFD84CEB9" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[501,631,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FE08F96BFD84CEB9" box="[501,631,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. venningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FD78F96BFCE8CEB9" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[645,795,1693,1718]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FD78F96BFCE8CEB9" box="[645,795,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now restricted to the north of
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9DFFF8FB79F96AFAE5CEB9" box="[1156,1302,1692,1718]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
, in northern
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9DFFF8FF6AF937FEF7CED4" box="[151,260,1729,1755]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and, tentatively, north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9DFFF8FDA2F936FD6FCED5" box="[607,668,1728,1754]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9DFFF9FF3AF912FF03CB1A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9DFFF9FF3AF912FDDDC986" blockId="18.[151,1437,972,2043]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF3AF912FEC9CEF1" bold="true" box="[199,314,1764,1790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—A moderately sized species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9DFFF8FCD7F912FC8ACEF1" authorityName="David &amp; Vogel &amp; Nguyen &amp; Orlov &amp; Pauwels &amp; Teynié &amp; Ziegler" authorityYear="2021" box="[810,889,1764,1790]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCD7F912FC8ACEF1" box="[810,889,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by the combination of
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FADDF912FAB3CEF1" bold="true" box="[1312,1344,1764,1790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(1)</emphasis>
17(18)- 17-17 dorsal scale rows, moderately keeled at midbody, strongly keeled posteriorly but 1
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9DFFF8FB83F8FEFB7ACF19" attach="left" box="[1150,1161,1800,1814]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">st</superScript>
DSR smooth;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FACDF8FEFAA2CF2D" bold="true" box="[1328,1361,1800,1826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(2)</emphasis>
dorsal scales around the base of the tail very strongly keeled;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FD00F8DAFCEECF49" bold="true" box="[765,797,1836,1862]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(3)</emphasis>
head moderately distinct from the neck;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FB15F8DAFAFACF49" bold="true" box="[1256,1289,1836,1862]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(4)</emphasis>
eye average;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FF6AF8A6FF4BCF65" bold="true" box="[151,184,1872,1898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(5)</emphasis>
maxillary teeth 28–32, the last two moderately enlarged;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCC8F8A6FCA5CF65" bold="true" box="[821,854,1872,1898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(6)</emphasis>
tail moderately long, with a ratio TaL/TL &lt;0.29;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FA81F8A6FA6ECF65" bold="true" box="[1404,1437,1872,1898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(7)</emphasis>
VEN 158–176;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FEB7F882FE99CF81" bold="true" box="[330,362,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(8)</emphasis>
SC 92–104;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FE02F882FDD3CF81" bold="true" box="[511,544,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(9)</emphasis>
prefrontal scales 2;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCF8F882FCC0CF81" bold="true" box="[773,819,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(10)</emphasis>
3 postoculars in all examined specimens;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FAECF882FACECF81" bold="true" box="[1297,1341,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(11)</emphasis>
anterior temporal more or less hexagonal, narrowing posteriorly;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9DFFF8FCF2F86EFCCECFBD" bold="true" box="[783,829,1944,1970]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(12)</emphasis>
venter both pale and dark, i.e., with a pale background on its anterior part, up to the third or half of the body, with the anterior half of each ventral typically brown or blackish-brown, producing a mottled pattern of irregular dark crossbands, sometimes reduced to one or two dark blotches on some ventrals; on its posterior part, the venter is nearly uniformly very dark ochre-brown, dark brown or blackish-brown;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FEE4FF4CFEBBC8DB" bold="true" box="[281,328,186,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(13)</emphasis>
dorsum and sides of body dark, i.e. brown, dark greyish-brown, dark brown and blackish-brown;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF6AFF28FF36C8F7" bold="true" box="[151,197,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(14)</emphasis>
dorsal pattern made of faint, irregular pale blotches mixed with diffuse, squarish dark brown blotches forming a complex variegated or reticulate pattern, not distinctly chequered;
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FC61FEF4FC3FC913" bold="true" box="[924,972,258,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(15)</emphasis>
on each side, a series of small, elongate, dorsolateral blotches, pale yellowish-brown or ochre-brown (vividly colored in bright orange-yellow or bright yellow in life);
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FED8FEBCFEA0C96B" bold="true" box="[293,339,330,356]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(16)</emphasis>
usually no clearly defined postocular streak; and
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FC7BFEBCFC47C96B" bold="true" box="[902,948,330,356]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(17)</emphasis>
irregular yellowish-brown or yellow-ochre streaks or a faint blotch on the neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFE64FACFCAC2" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF3AFE64FEA8C9A3" bold="true" box="[199,347,402,428]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comparison</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9CFFF9FE90FE65FDC8C9A3" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[365,571,403,429]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FE90FE65FDC8C9A3" box="[365,571,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hebius taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9CFFF9FD27FE65FC93C9A3" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[730,864,403,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FD27FE65FC93C9A3" box="[730,864,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. venningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) a shorter tail, ratio TaL/TL 0.25–0.29 vs.
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FF6AFE40FED0C9DE" box="[151,291,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.254999999999999" metricValueMax="8.889999999999999" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="0.32499999999999996" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.35 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9CFFF9FED4FE41FE5AC9DF" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[297,425,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FED4FE41FE5AC9DF" box="[297,425,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. venningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (2) fewer subcaudals, 92–104 vs. 115–129; (3) dorsum brown to blackish-brown with pale and dark spots or blotches forming a complex speckled or mottled pattern vs. dorsum grey or greyish-brown with a chequered pattern of darker blotches; (4) on each side, a series of more or less elongate blotches, pale yellowishbrown or ochre-brown (bright orange or yellowish-red in life) vs. yellow-ochre or yellowish-brown (same in life); (5) venter both pale and dark, i.e. with a pale background on its anterior part with the anterior half of each ventral brown or blackish-brown, producing a pattern of irregular dark crossbands, and venter nearly uniformly very dark ochre-brown, dark brown or blackish-brown on its posterior part vs. venter widely pale in its middle along at least the anterior part of the body, laterally clouded or dotted with dark grey or dark brown, never entirely dark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFD21FF03CB1A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The differences between
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9CFFF9FE1EFD21FD89CAFF" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[483,634,727,752]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FE1EFD21FD89CAFF" box="[483,634,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9CFFF9FD4CFD21FCA3CAFF" box="[689,848,727,752]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FD4CFD21FCA3CAFF" box="[689,848,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been given above in the diagnosis of the latter species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9CFFFEFF3AFCE8FCDDCE7A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFCE8FA70CBC6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF3AFCE8FEA2CB37" bold="true" box="[199,337,798,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
.—Body rather slender, elongate, cylindrical, stouter in large females; head elongate, somewhat triangular, moderately distinct from the thick neck, flattened anteriorly; snout elongate, obtuse as seen from above, oblique seen in profile, flat, 24.5–30.5 % of HL, or 1.8–2.1 times as long as diameter of eye; nostrils placed dorsolaterally on the snout, small, round, piercing in the middle of the nasal; eye size average, about 1.0–1.2 times as large as the distance between its lower margin and the margin of the lip, with a round pupil; tail rather long and tapering.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFC25FB1FCC1E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The maximal known total length is
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FDAFFC25FD5DCBE2" box="[594,686,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.33" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="833.0">833 mm</quantity>
(SVL
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FD05FC24FCABCBE2" box="[760,856,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.81" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="581.0">581 mm</quantity>
; TaL
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FC69FC24FC00CBE2" box="[916,1011,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="252.0">252 mm</quantity>
; specimen CAS 224427) for a female. The longest known male is
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FE31FC01FDDACC1E" box="[460,553,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.34" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="634.0">634 mm</quantity>
long (SVL
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FD51FC00FCF8CC1E" box="[684,779,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.58" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="458.0">458 mm</quantity>
, TaL
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9CFFF9FCB4FC01FC55CC1E" box="[841,934,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="176.0">176 mm</quantity>
long; BMNH 1946.1.13.55).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFBEDFC3ECC39" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,973,1050,1078]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Ratio TaL/TL:
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9CFFF9FE8DFBECFE42CC3A" box="[368,433,1050,1077]" degrees="0.254" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="0.254">0.254</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF9CFFF9FE4DFBECFE0CCC3A" box="[432,511,1050,1077]" degrees="0.288" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-0.288">–0.288</geoCoordinate>
, without sexual dimorphism (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFBC9FAB9CC56" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1354,1087,1113]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF3AFBC9FEC2CC57" box="[199,305,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dentition</emphasis>
. 27–32 maxillary teeth gradually enlarging, the last 2 moderately enlarged, without diastema.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFB95FF1BCCCA" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF3AFB95FE81CC72" box="[199,370,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Body scalation</emphasis>
. DSR: 17(18)-17-16–17 rows; scales rhomboedric, feebly or moderately keeled at midbody, strongly keeled posteriorly; scales of 1
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FD9DFB71FD98CC9A" attach="left" box="[608,619,1159,1173]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">st</superScript>
DSR smooth; dorsal scales around the base of the tail very strongly keeled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFB39FBE8CCE6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1051,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
In our sample of
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF9CFFF9FE7BFB39FDD2CCE6" box="[390,545,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
, only one has 18 scale rows around the neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFB05FB7CCD02" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1167,1266,1294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">VEN: 158–175 (plus 1 or 2 preventrals); SC: 92–104, all paired; cloacal plate divided.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFAE1FE1ECD3E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,493,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ratio VEN/SC 1.66–2.02.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFACDFAD5CD76" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Position of the reduction to 6 scale rows around the tail: SC 9–14, without sexual dimorphism; ratio: length of the portion of tail with 6 dorsal scale rows/length of the portion of tail with 4 dorsal scale rows: 1.3–3.1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9CFFF9FF3AFA75FE45CFD2" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9CFFF9FF3AFA75FE81CD92" box="[199,370,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head scalation</emphasis>
. Arrangement of upper head scales complete including 2 internasals, 2 prefrontals, 2 supraoculars, 1 frontal, and 2 parietals. Rostral wider than high, barely visible from above; nasals more or less rectangular, elongate, about 1.4–1.6 times longer than high, vertically divided above and below the nostril, with the posterior part equal to anterior one; internasals subtriangular, small, in broad contact with each other, about 1.0–1.2 times longer than wide, distinctly narrowing anteriorly with an anterior margin about 0.4–0.5 times the width of the posterior margin; 2 prefrontals, rather large, distinctly wider than long, 1.2–1.3 times longer than internasals; frontal large, shield-like, 1.2–1.3 times longer than wide and 1.6–1.9 times as long as the prefrontal; 1 supraocular on each side, subtriangular, 2.0–2.3 times longer than wide, about as wide as internasals; parietals large and broad, 1.6–1.8 times longer than the frontal, or suture between parietals 1.1–1.3 times longer than frontal; 1/1 loreal, pentagonal, elongate, 1.4–1.5 times longer than high, in broad contact with the nasal; 2 preoculars on each side in all examined specimens, upper one larger than lower one; 3/3 small postoculars in all examined specimens; 9 SL (only 8 SL in 1/18 occurrences), the first five as long as high or longer than high, 1
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FC6DF8F9FC68CF12" attach="left" box="[912,923,1807,1821]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">st</superScript>
and 2
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FC20F8F8FC1ECF13" attach="left" box="[989,1005,1806,1820]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nd</superScript>
SL small and short, in contact with the nasal, 2
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FF10F8C4FEFDCF42" attach="none" box="[237,270,1842,1869]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nd–</superScript>
3
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FEE7F8C4FEDBCF4F" attach="left" box="[282,296,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rd</superScript>
SL (3
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FE93F8C4FE79CF42" attach="none" box="[366,394,1842,1869]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">rd–</superScript>
4
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FE6AF8C4FE57CF4F" attach="left" box="[407,420,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
in one specimen) in contact with the loreal in all examined specimens, 4
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FB21F8C4FB0BCF42" attach="none" box="[1244,1272,1842,1869]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th–</superScript>
6
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FAF8F8C4FAE1CF4F" attach="left" box="[1285,1298,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
SL entering orbit, 7
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FF15F8A0FF06CF6B" attach="left" box="[232,245,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
and 8
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FEC4F8A0FEB5CF6B" attach="left" box="[313,326,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
SL largest; 1 anterior temporal, long, hexagonal, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, followed by 1 or 1+1/1 posterior temporals, the most common formula being 1+1 temporals; 10 infralabials in all examined specimens, first pair in contact, 1
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FE33F869FE1BCFB6" attach="none" box="[462,488,1950,1977]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">st–</superScript>
5
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FE08F868FDF1CFA3" attach="left" box="[501,514,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
IL in contact with anterior chin shields, 5
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FC2FF868FC2CCFA3" attach="left" box="[978,991,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
and 6
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9CFFF9FBDFF868FBDCCFA3" attach="left" box="[1058,1071,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">th</superScript>
IL largest; posterior chin shields longer than anterior ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFF61FC8FC9DE" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF3AFF61FE3DC8BF" box="[199,462,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Coloration and pattern</emphasis>
. The upper dorsal surface is dark ochre-brown, chestnut brown or dark brown, sometimes blackish-brown, with many scales irregularly edged or entirely covered with dark brown or blackish-brown, especially on the top of the body, mixed with irregular, diffuse, faint paler areas, pale yellowish-brown or pale brown, producing a complex, irregularly marbled or reticulate pattern; on each side of the body, a dorsolateral series of distinctly enlarged, aligned, pale creamish-brown or pale ochre-brown blotches, about 1.5–2 scales long and 2–3 scales high on the 4
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9BFFFEFE8EFEBCFE7DC96A" attach="right" box="[371,398,330,357]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">th–</superScript>
6
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9BFFFEFE66FEBCFE5BC957" attach="left" box="[411,424,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">th</superScript>
or 5
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9BFFFEFE27FEBCFE05C96A" attach="none" box="[474,502,330,357]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">th–</superScript>
6
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF9BFFFEFDFEFEBCFDE3C957" attach="left" box="[515,528,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">th</superScript>
DSR, forming a discontinuous dorsolateral chain; these blotches become quickly reduced in size, remaining as very faint pale spots in the hinder part of the body and are poorly visible posteriorly, mixed in the general dorsal pattern. The dorsal surface of the tail is as the upper surface of the body, irregularly mottled with many darker blotches but without distinct pale areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFE2DFCA6CB8E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">The head is dark brown or blackish-brown above, darker than the sides of body, irregularly mottled with paler areas and speckled with darker dots or with irregular darker brown areas; side of the snout slightly paler than upper head surface; anterior or all supralabials pale brownish-yellow, pale or brown, strongly powdered and more or less broadly edged with dark brown on their posterior edge; usually no real dark postocular streak, the temporal region being merely mottled with irregular paler brown; however, in a few specimens (such as CAS 221298), a pale yellowish-brown elongate blotch on the temporal region defines a lower, broad, dark brown streak, connecting posterior temporals to the corner of the mouth; on each side of the neck an irregular, more or less well-defined, yellow-ochre or brownish-yellow streak obliquely directed upwards and backwards extends from the corner of the mouth to the nape forming a short chevron with an apex directed backwards, faint or absent in darker specimens; infralabials, chin and throat pale yellowish-cream or pale yellow-ochre, with a few scattered dark brown spots on chin shields and throat, sometimes heavily spotted with dark brown; infralabials strongly edged with dark brown on their both edges, and often strongly speckled with dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFC7DFDFACCCA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">The venter is both pale and dark: the background colour is beige, pale greyish-brown or pale ochre-brown on its anterior part, i.e., along the anterior quarter to third, sometimes up to nearly the half of the body, and dark brown or blackish-brown on its posterior part; the first 10–15 ventrals may be merely speckled with brown blotches but, typically, the anterior half of each ventral is irregularly covered with dark brown or blackish-brown, producing a pattern of irregularly-edged, dark crossbands on a paler background; backwards, the dark area progressively expands up to covering the whole of each ventral, often so irregularly as to leave one or two blotches of pale area on the middle of ventrals; after midbody the venter is uniformly dark up to the vent, with the posterior margin of each ventral paler brown; no ventral or ventrolateral pale stripes or streaks. Tail uniformly dark brown or blackish-brown below; tip of tail as the undersurface of tail.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFB39FC11CD92" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">In life, the pattern is much more vivid and contrasted; the background coloration is as described above, usually dark brown or nearly black; the faint, dorsal paler areas are dark ochre-brown or yellowish-brown; dorsolateral blotches are vividly colored in bright lemon-yellow, orange-yellow or yellowish-red, visible throughout the length of the body. Pale markings on the head, the supralabials, the elongate blotch on the temporal region and the streak obliquely directed upwards and backwards on the hinder part of the head and the neck are dirty yellow or yellowish-ochre. Pale areas of the venter are yellowish-ochre or yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFA50FC3BCDCE" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,968,1446,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF3AFA50FEB8CDCF" bold="true" box="[199,331,1446,1472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hemipenes</emphasis>
.—The hemipenis of this species has not been examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFA3CFC2CCDEA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,991,1482,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF3AFA3CFE43CDEB" bold="true" box="[199,432,1482,1508]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFE4AFA3DFE20CDEA" bold="true" box="[439,467,1483,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">—</emphasis>
It is expressed in the two following characters:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AFA19FE33CE22" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(1) Difference in the number of ventral scales: males: 171–175 (mean
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFC11FA19FC0CCE07" box="[1004,1023,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">=</emphasis>
172.6, SD = 1.5); females: 158–171 (mean
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF19F9E5FF04CE23" box="[228,247,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">=</emphasis>
165.6, SD = 1.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AF9C1FCDDCE7A" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(2) Strongly by the ratio length of the portion of tail with 6 dorsal scale rows/length of the portion of tail with 4 dorsal scale rows:
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9BFFFEFE9AF9ADFE2BCE7A" box="[359,472,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.239" metricValueMax="7.874" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="2.85" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.1 in</quantity>
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF9BFFFEFE22F9ADFDCBCE7A" box="[479,568,1627,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
, 1.3–2.0 in
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF9BFFFEFD46F9ADFCD8CE7A" box="[699,811,1627,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9BFFFEFF3AF988FD11CF7E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AF988FB0BCEB2" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF3AF988FE4BCE97" bold="true" box="[199,440,1662,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF9BFFFEFE96F988FE5CCE97" box="[363,431,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1218,1244]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,246,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-55@12.[219,1368,234,1194]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of species with 15 or 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody. Circles: Hebius annamensis Bourret. Diamonds: Hebius venningi Wall. Inverted triangles: Hebius taronensis Smith. Squares: Hebius nigriventer Wall. Triangles: Hebius chapaensis Bourret." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463746/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFE26F989FDA0CE96" bold="true" box="[475,595,1663,1689]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9BFFFEFE26F989FDA0CE96" box="[475,595,1663,1689]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9BFFFEFD9CF989FD05CE96" box="[609,758,1663,1689]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
. Lake Indawgyi, Mohnyin Township; Nawgmung Township and Machanbaw Township, Putao District.—
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFD6DF954FD23CEB3" bold="true" box="[656,720,1698,1724]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9BFFFEFD6DF954FD23CEB3" box="[656,720,1698,1724]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. State of
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF9BFFFEFCC4F955FBE2CEB2" box="[825,1041,1699,1725]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
. Changlang District.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AF931FA9DCF0A" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9BFFFEFF1BF931FEA6CEEE" box="[230,341,1735,1761]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, this species is currently endemic to the mountain ranges located north-east of Putao and Mawgmung, in the extreme north of the country. Farther south in the same state, it is replaced by
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9BFFFEFB69F91DFA95CF0B" box="[1172,1382,1771,1797]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFB69F91DFA95CF0B" box="[1172,1382,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hebius nigriventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFEFF3AF8F9FD11CF7E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9BFFFEFE7FF8F9FDEBCF27" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[386,536,1807,1832]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFE7FF8F9FDEBCF27" box="[386,536,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in extreme north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9BFFFEFCC4F8F9FC80CF26" box="[825,883,1807,1833]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
is based on a specimen cited by
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9BFFFEFB19F8F9FF16CF42" author="Captain, A. &amp; Bhatt, B." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="354 - 358" refId="ref46041" refString="Captain, A. &amp; Bhatt, B. (2002) First record of Amphiesma venningi (Wall, 1910) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae) from India, with remarks on its subspecies. Hamadryad, 26 (2), 354 - 358. [2001]" type="journal article" year="2002">Captain &amp; Bhatt (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. Although we have not seen it, its number of subcaudals and relatively short tail are typical of
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9BFFFEFAFDF8C5FA65CF43" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1280,1430,1843,1868]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFAFDF8C5FA65CF43" box="[1280,1430,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We here add this species to the snake fauna of
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF9BFFFEFD5CF8A1FD2DCF7E" box="[673,734,1879,1905]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF9BFFFFFF3AF88CFDB5C8F6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF9BFFFFFF3AF88CFDB5C8F6" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFF3AF88CFED2CF9B" bold="true" box="[199,289,1914,1940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Biology</emphasis>
.—This species inhabits semi-evergreen submontane forest and mixed or deciduous moist montane forest from about 1,000 up to at least
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF9BFFFEFDE6F868FD84CFB6" box="[539,631,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1850.0">1,850 m</quantity>
asl. Most known localities are between 1,100 and 1,800 metres a.s.l.
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF9BFFFEFA7CF869FEF8CFD3" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
<emphasis id="82E78145FF9BFFFEFA7CF869FEF8CFD3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. taronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is seemingly diurnal. According to
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9BFFFEFD58F835FCCECFD2" author="Smith, M. A." box="[677,829,1987,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref50852" refString="Smith, M. A. (1940) The amphibians and reptiles obtained by Mr. Ronald Kaulback in Upper Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 43 (3), 465 - 486, pl. 7." type="journal article" year="1940">Smith (1940)</bibRefCitation>
, most specimens were obtained from small mountain streams. One was eating a frog, another specimen had eaten tadpoles. Others were found under rocks near a stream. Nothing else is known on the biology of this seemingly rare or highly localized species. According to
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF9AFFFFFAFCFF4DFA64C8DA" author="Smith, M. A." box="[1281,1431,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref50852" refString="Smith, M. A. (1940) The amphibians and reptiles obtained by Mr. Ronald Kaulback in Upper Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 43 (3), 465 - 486, pl. 7." type="journal article" year="1940">Smith (1940)</bibRefCitation>
, this water snake is quiet and harmless.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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