1008 lines
120 KiB
XML
1008 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="E39CF8DB2DA189B3DEEC1B742666640E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4911.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448898" ID-ZooBank="361E198B-5F04-4E5F-824A-73F488AB4A8B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1611043012182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="David, Patrick, Vogel, Gernot, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Orlov, Nikolai L., Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Teynié, Alexandre & Ziegler, Thomas" docDate="2021" docId="383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4911.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4911 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Hebius chapaensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="C4039439FF8FFFEAFFFDFFF6FFF3C80F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the dark-bellied, stream-dwelling snakes of the genus Hebius (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China, Vietnam and Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1730213606799" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="B9216B98424B0C98F533037E32201B81">A revision of the dark-bellied, stream-dwelling snakes of the genus Hebius (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China, Vietnam and Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09C89250719DA36A8497EA389667C12F">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="222DD165DA1A367A4060A75908BB7A22">Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="69917075F61F109BB3A23AE9FC093B37" type="email">patrick.david@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9A79211C9C91CB7FF3AA168869DB105C">Vogel, Gernot</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5732631ED695AC399D0F1447FC7795D">Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, Im Sand 3, D- 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. Gernot. Vogel @ t-online. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4542 - 518 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBB954A73F4267E9824EB1D87350AD54" type="email">Vogel@t-online.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6D2D5018055549F1F482A52721A51BE7">Nguyen, Truong Quang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EF5A44EAAF62D5C785299D002FB3604">Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam. nqt 2 @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6601 - 0880</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1F7BE0497BB185E820F55B9AD9BCA90" type="email">nqt2@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FDB4F10F40202CFA8D53AD4F6EA8F7E6">Orlov, Nikolai L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8AC7733BE27E61A21C2FE4EB90B2C126">Laboratory of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. azemiops @ zin. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4401 - 348 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6B777C1541B5F14B51DE053191416F91" type="email">azemiops@zin.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0CA15D88E6106D55D2F43445F3D80EFD">Pauwels, Olivier S. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09D5CD2564E0070BAF916F978302D2FE">Département des Vertébrés Récents, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium. osgpauwels @ yahoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3265 - 5496</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D99D2949B42745F07059F6DBE37D0846">Teynié, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A816CA65D1FC5F9832F720648E00266">Société d’Histoire Naturelle Alcide d’Orbigny, 57 rue de Gergovie, F- 63170 Aubière, France. alexandre. teynie @ inrae. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6588 - 229 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="68B2A0609ADB5AE1FF45B07488ABE37B" type="email">alexandre.teynie@inrae.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="73CB3363807A77BF116E75BD21E5B79D">Ziegler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55DC25799208E938C4D058F95F316F29">Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X & AG Zoologischer Garten K ̂ ln, Riehler Str. 173, D- 50735 K ̂ ln, Germany. ziegler @ koelnerzoo. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4797 - 609 X Corresponding author & Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Évolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. patrick. david @ mnhn. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7562 - 684 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39A3662C5FB8EA8C19B27A9E667DD231" type="email">patrick.david@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E741D0B6A4952CB2E83CAF817C96FB56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D866C3420F954714C6A48166F8D3223C">
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<mods:date id="CDDC04BB8B848C94E90E7A4995A154DD">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0CC953A8AA9C849BA1455721E6C442A">2021-01-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="93C59106BBB4CA811521F7C17409F9B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4E970B08BC126CCEC3683374C4E5AA4C">4911</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="322D90D8ADE55A4B7AD8DCC013579A6E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CA8A57302B149F14B15BDD6ADF789867">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F6C14ABE2C6C0DE0BCAF5CF0E52893AC">61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0F8C2F92D664586F6D027836DD0DF564">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8410EE6E74A9318FA383A94580459F7A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4911.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09006FBCD4C692205451C0156120D383" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFCFF6AFB77FDACCC94" box="[151,607,1153,1180]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AFB77FDACCC94" blockId="22.[151,607,1153,1215]" box="[151,607,1153,1180]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF6AFB77FDACCC94" bold="true" box="[151,607,1153,1180]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFF48FB77FDACCC94" ID-CoL="8GPS5" authority="(Bourret, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[181,607,1153,1180]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF48FB77FE6BCC93" bold="true" box="[181,408,1153,1180]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
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(Bourret, 1934)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AFB53FEE1CCB0" blockId="22.[151,607,1153,1215]" box="[151,274,1189,1215]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF99FFFCFF62FB53FEF9CCB0" box="[159,266,1189,1215]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="26.[151,260,1937,1963]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,180,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[391,1197,179,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@26.[151,1436,179,1913]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@27.[391,1197,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Hebius chapaensis Bourret, holotype (MNHN 1938.0125)—A: dorsal view; B: lateral view of the head, right side. Photographs: Patrick David." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Hebius chapaensis Bourret, alive—A: specimen from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. Photograph: Nikolai Orlov. B: specimen from Thanh Hoa Province. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen. C: specimen from Tuyen Quang Province. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463760" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463764" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4463760/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4463764/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFCFF6AFB15FC76CCF4" box="[151,901,1251,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AFB15FC76CCF4" blockId="22.[151,1437,1251,1582]" box="[151,901,1251,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFF6AFB15FD72CCF4" authority="Bourret, 1934 a: 131" authorityName="Bourret" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,641,1251,1275]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF6AFB15FE40CCF4" box="[151,435,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE45FB15FD72CCF4" author="Bourret, R." box="[440,641,1251,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref45478" refString="Bourret, R. (1934 a) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. I. Ophidiens de Chapa. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 13 e Annee (1933 - 1934), 7 Mars 1934, 129 - 138. [Separate reprint: 1 - 10]" type="book chapter" year="1934">Bourret, 1934a: 131</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Separate: p. 3),
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<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF99FFFCFCD6FB15FC95CCF4" box="[811,870,1251,1275]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,179,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[383,1205,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hebius venningi Wall, alive—A & C: specimen from Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Photographs: Ashok Captain.—B: specimen CAS 233206, Chun Kyone, Hakha Township, Hakha District, Chin State, Myanmar. Photograph: Hla Tun." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463744/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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.—
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFCFC78FB15FDF1CD58" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFC78FB15FDF1CD58" blockId="22.[151,1437,1251,1582]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFC78FB15FDF1CD58" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Rene Bourret" country="Vietnam" elevation="1600" location="Sa Pa" municipality="Sa Pa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MNHN 1938.0125" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFC78FB15FBFDCCF4" bold="true" box="[901,1038,1251,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type locality</emphasis>
|
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. “Chapa, province de Laokay (Tonkin), à l’altitude moyenne de
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<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFE3AFAF4FDE9CD15" box="[455,538,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
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”, now
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<collectingMunicipality id="5048C72DFF99FFFCFD9BFAF4FD57CD16" box="[614,676,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sa Pa</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFD4CFAF4FC98CD15" box="[689,875,1282,1306]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lào Cai Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF99FFFCFC8AFAF4FC3CCD15" box="[887,975,1282,1306]" name="Vietnam" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, ca.
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<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFBFFFAF4FBABCD16" box="[1026,1112,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1600.0">
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<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFBFFFAF4FBABCD16" box="[1026,1112,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elevation.—
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFB20FAF4FAB3CD15" bold="true" box="[1245,1344,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF99FFFCFB20FAF4FAB3CD15" box="[1245,1344,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
|
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.
|
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<specimenCode id="E035F52CFF99FFFCFAB2FAF4FEC6CD37" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MNHN 1938.0125</specimenCode>
|
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,
|
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<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF99FFFCFEBCFAD6FE87CD37" box="[321,372,1312,1336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF99FFFCFE86FAD6FE5FCD37" box="[379,428,1312,1336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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(Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France); collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFB88FAD6FAF2CD37" box="[1141,1281,1312,1336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">René Bourret</collectorName>
|
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, Summer 1930 or 1931 and deposited in 1934.
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFCFF6AFAA8FD0FCE22" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AFAA8FAB2CDFF" blockId="22.[151,1437,1251,1582]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFF6AFAA8FE46CD79" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,437,1374,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF6AFAA8FE46CD79" box="[151,437,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE2FFAA8FD6DCD79" author="Bourret, R." box="[466,670,1373,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="239 - 251" refId="ref45640" refString="Bourret, R. (1935 a) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. IX. Les Serpents de Chapa. Bulletin general de l'Instruction publique, 14 e Annee (1934 - 1935), 7 Mars 1935, 239 - 251. [Reprint: 5 - 17]" type="book chapter" year="1935">Bourret 1935a: 249</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFD57FAA8FC94CD79" author="Bourret, R." box="[682,871,1374,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref45746" refString="Bourret, R. (1936 a) Les Serpents de l'Indochine. Tome I. Etudes sur la faune. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 141 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936a: 97</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 103, 114 & 121;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFBDCFAA8FB1FCD79" author="Bourret, R." box="[1057,1260,1374,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref45777" refString="Bourret, R. (1936 b) Les Serpents de l'Indochine. Tome II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936b: 121</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 49;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFAB2FAA8FEDCCD9B" author="Bourret, R." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="41 - 47" refId="ref45856" refString="Bourret, R. (1939 a) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. XIX. La faune herpetologique des stations d'altitude du Tonkin. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 19 e Annee (1939 - 1940), 4 Decembre 1939, Annexe, 41 - 47." type="book chapter" year="1939">Bourret 1939a: 44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFEC7FA8BFE05CD9B" author="Bourret, R." box="[314,502,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref45906" refString="Bourret, R. (1939 b) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. XX. Liste des Reptiles et Batraciens actuellement connus en Indochine Francaise. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 19 e Annee (1939 - 1940), 4 Decembre 1939, Annexe, 49 - 60." type="book chapter" year="1939">Bourret 1939b: 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFDFCFA8AFD5ECD9B" author="Smith, M. A." box="[513,685,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref50894" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943: 316</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFD45FA8BFC63CD9B" author="Tran, K. & Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T." box="[696,912,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="365 - 427" refId="ref51697" refString="Tran, K., Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T. (1981) Results of basic researches on amphibians and reptiles in Northern Vietnam (1956 - 1976). In: Dao, T. V., Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, L. K. & Vu, T. D. (Eds.), Results of basic researches in progress on the zoology of Northern Vietnam. NXB KH va KT, Hanoi, pp. 365 - 427. [in Vietnamese]" type="book chapter" year="1981">
|
||
Tran
|
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFD10FA8BFCE9CD9B" box="[749,794,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1981: 382
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFC67FA8AFBCECD9B" author="Welch, K. R. G." box="[922,1085,1404,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref52236" refString="Welch, K. R. G. (1988) Snakes of the Orient: a checklist. Robert F. Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, Florida, vii + 183 pp." type="book" year="1988">Welch 1988: 88</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFBBAFA8BFAC9CD9B" author="Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T." box="[1095,1338,1404,1429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref49583" refString="Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T. (1996) Danh luc bo sat va ech nhai Viet Nam. Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky Thuat, Hanoi, 264 pp. [in Vietnamese, Note. Translation: A checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of Vietnam. Faculty of Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi]" type="book" year="1996">Nguyen & Ho 1996: 98</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFAB8FA8AFE61CDBC" author="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref48267" refString="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I: Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency-The Ministry of Forestry), The Gibbon Foundation and Institut of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar & Colijn 2001: 103</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE60FA6DFD65CDBC" author="Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[413,662,1435,1459]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref49709" refString="Nguyen, S. V., Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2005 a) Danh luc Ech nhai va Bo Sat Viet Nam. A checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Vietnam. Nha Xuat Ban Nong Nghiep, Hanoi, 180 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="2005">
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Nguyen
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFE09FA6AFDD2CDBC" box="[500,545,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005a: 93
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFD5CFA6DFC6FCDBC" author="Nguyen, S. V. & Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[673,924,1435,1459]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref49767" refString="Nguyen, S. V., Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2009) Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 768 pp." type="book" year="2009">
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Nguyen
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFD05FA6AFCD6CDBC" box="[760,805,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009: 363
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFC5AFA6DFBCCCDBC" author="Das, I." box="[935,1087,1435,1459]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref46784" refString="Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the Reptiles of South-east Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London-Cape Town-Sydney- Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das 2010: 296</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFBB4FA6DFABDCDBC" author="Bain, R. H. & Hurley, M. M." box="[1097,1358,1435,1459]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref45030" refString="Bain, R. H. & Hurley, M. M. (2011) A biogeographic synthesis of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Indochina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 360, 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 360.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Bain & Hurley 2011: 104</bibRefCitation>
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||
& 129;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFF3AFA4CFE33CDDD" author="Stuart, B. L. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[199,448,1466,1490]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="2014449" refId="ref51174" refString="Stuart, B. L. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2012 b) Pararhabdophis chapaensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2012, e. T 191911 A 2014449." type="journal article" year="2012">Stuart & Nguyen 2012b</bibRefCitation>
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: e.T191911A2014449;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFD52FA4CFC76CDDD" author="Pham, V. A. & Nguyen, T. B. N. & Nguyen, T. M. & Nguyen, L. H. S. & Nguyen, Q. T." box="[687,901,1466,1490]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref50298" refString="Pham, V. A., Nguyen, T. B. N., Nguyen, T. M., Nguyen, L. H. S. & Nguyen, Q. T. (2013) New records of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) from Son La Province. In: Proceedings of the Fifth National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources. Vol. 5. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 16 - 22." type="book" year="2013">
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Pham
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. 2013: 17
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 21 & 22: Fig. B;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFBBCFA4CFAD0CDDD" author="Teynie, A. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Lorvelec, O. & Piquet, A. & Lottier, A. & David, P." box="[1089,1315,1466,1490]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="21 - 52" refId="ref51415" refString="Teynie, A., Nguyen, T. Q., Lorvelec, O., Piquet, A., Lottier, A. & David, P. (2014) Amphibiens et Reptiles du Laos: nouvelles donnees nationales et provinciales. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France, 151 (1), 21 - 52." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Teynié
|
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFB71FA4CFB49CDDD" box="[1164,1210,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014: 43
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 44: Pl. 7B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFF3AFA2EFE31CDFF" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[199,450,1496,1520]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref52073" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the world. A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xxvii + 1209 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Wallach
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFEDDFA2FFEBFCDFF" box="[288,332,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014: 522
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE31FA2EFD4DCDFF" author="David, P. & Pauwels, O. S. G. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Vogel, G." box="[460,702,1496,1520]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="203 - 217" refId="ref47072" refString="David, P., Pauwels, O. S. G., Nguyen, T. Q. & Vogel, G. (2015 b) On the taxonomic status of the Thai endemic freshwater snake Parahelicops boonsongi, with the erection of a new genus (Squamata: Natricidae). Zootaxa, 3948 (2), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.2.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
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David
|
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFDECFA2FFDCECDFF" box="[529,573,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015b: 203
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</bibRefCitation>
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, 209, 215, 216 & 219;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFC55FA2FFB99CDFF" author="Le, D. T. & Dao, A. N. & Pham, D. T. & Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[936,1130,1496,1520]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref48561" refString="Le, D. T., Dao, A. N., Pham, D. T., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2018) New records and an updated list of snakes from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 11, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Le
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFC34FA2FFC05CDFF" box="[969,1014,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018: 103
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 106:
|
||
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF99FFFCFB55FA2EFB07CDFF" box="[1192,1268,1496,1520]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1218,1244]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,246,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-55@12.[219,1368,234,1194]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of species with 15 or 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody. Circles: Hebius annamensis Bourret. Diamonds: Hebius venningi Wall. Inverted triangles: Hebius taronensis Smith. Squares: Hebius nigriventer Wall. Triangles: Hebius chapaensis Bourret." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463746/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
& 107.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AFA01FD0FCE22" blockId="22.[151,1437,1251,1582]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFF6AFA01FEA4CE00" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,343,1527,1551]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF6AFA01FEA4CE00" box="[151,343,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE89FA01FDABCE00" author="Kizirian, D. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Ngo, T. H. & Le, D. M." box="[372,600,1527,1551]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref48356" refString="Kizirian, D., Nguyen, T. Q., Ngo, T. H. & Le, D. M. (2018) Parahelicops, Pararhabdophis, Paraphyly: phylogenetic relationships among certain Southeast Asian natricine snakes (Hebius). American Museum Novitates, 3906, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3906.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kizirian
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFE2DFA0EFE0ECE00" box="[464,509,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018: 2
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, 3 & 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFD51FA01FC82CE00" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[684,881,1527,1551]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Ren
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<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFD26FA0EFCFBCE00" box="[731,776,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018: 31
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 37 & 40;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFC20FA01FB62CE00" author="Boundy, J." box="[989,1169,1527,1551]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref45410" refString="Boundy, J. (2020) Snakes of the World. A Supplement. CRC Press, Boca Raton - London - New York, vii + 273 pp." type="book" year="2020">Boundy 2020: 92</bibRefCitation>
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; T. V.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFB2FFA01FF02CE21" author="Nguyen, T. V. & Brakels, P. & Maury, N. & Sudavanh, S. & Pawangkhanant, P. & Idiiatullina, S. & Lorphengsy, S. & Inkhavilay, K. & Suwannapoom, C. & Poyarkov, N. A." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="218 - 249" refId="ref49863" refString="Nguyen, T. V., Brakels, P., Maury, N., Sudavanh, S., Pawangkhanant, P., Idiiatullina, S., Lorphengsy, S., Inkhavilay, K., Suwannapoom, C. & Poyarkov, N. A. (2020) New herpetofaunal observations from Laos based on photo records. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 14 (2), General Section,, e 248, 218 - 249." type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFAD4FA0EFAA5CE00" box="[1321,1366,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2020: 234
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF99FFFCFF06F9E0FEC5CE21" box="[251,310,1558,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,260,1937,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-28@26.[151,1436,179,1913]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hebius chapaensis Bourret, holotype (MNHN 1938.0125)—A: dorsal view; B: lateral view of the head, right side. Photographs: Patrick David." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463760/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(A);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE91F9E0FDBCCE22" author="Wang, K. & Ren, J. & Chen, H. & Lyu, Z. & Guo, X. & Jiang, K. & Chen, J. & Li, J. & Guo, P. & Wang, Y. & Che, J." box="[364,591,1557,1582]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="189 - 218" refId="ref52118" refString="Wang, K., Ren, J., Chen, H., Lyu, Z., Guo, X., Jiang, K., Chen, J., Li, J., Guo, P., Wang, Y. & Che, J. (2020) The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science, 28 (2), 189 - 218. [Appendix 1. The updated checklist of extent, native amphibian species of China: 1 - 15; Appendix 2. The updated checklist of extent, native reptile species of China: 1 - 17]" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFE50F9E0FE29CE21" box="[429,474,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020: 205
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Appendix 2: 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFCFF6AF9A3FC44CF63" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFCFF6AF9A3FC44CF63" blockId="22.[151,1437,1621,2044]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF6AF9A3FE35CE60" bold="true" box="[151,454,1621,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Specimens examined (10)</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFE17F9A3FB5ECE9B" collectorName="Menglun" country="China" county="Mengla County" elevation="567" latitude="21.968056" location="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture." longLatPrecision="15" longitude="101.19763" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="567" stateProvince="Yunnan">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFE17F9A3FCC3CE60" bold="true" box="[490,816,1621,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF99FFFCFE17F9A3FCC3CE60" box="[490,816,1621,1647]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFCC3F9A0FBF1CE60" box="[830,1026,1621,1648]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. CIB 110718,
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFB5BF9A3FAFDCE60" box="[1190,1294,1621,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Menglun</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFAE7F9A3FA64CE7F" box="[1306,1431,1621,1648]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="15" seconds="5" value="21.968056">21°58’5”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFF6AF98FFEBCCE9B" box="[151,335,1657,1684]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="51.46" value="101.19763">101°11’51.46”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="594D25DBFF99FFFCFEA0F98FFDE3CE9C" box="[349,528,1657,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mengla County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFDE0F98FFBEACE9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE:B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFDE0F98FFBEACE9C" box="[541,1049,1657,1683]" country="China" county="Mengla County" latitude="21.968056" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="101.19763" name="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Yunnan">Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture.</location>
|
||
elev.
|
||
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF99FFFCFBA2F98FFB5ECE9B" box="[1119,1197,1657,1684]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFBA2F98FFB5ACE9B" box="[1119,1193,1657,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.67" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="567.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFBA2F98FFB5ACE9B" box="[1119,1193,1657,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.67" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="567.0">567 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFB36F98FFDEDCED4" country="Vietnam" elevation="1600" location="Sa Pa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFB36F98FFAC2CE9C" bold="true" box="[1227,1329,1657,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF99FFFCFB36F98FFAC2CE9C" box="[1227,1329,1657,1683]" name="Vietnam" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFABCF98CFF0DCEB8" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. IEBR 2907–2909,
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFE1BF96BFDB1CEB8" box="[486,578,1693,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cat Cat</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFDADF968FD3FCEB7" box="[592,716,1693,1720]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">I Ninh Ho</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFD27F96BFCD3CEB7" box="[730,800,1693,1720]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sa Pa</collectorName>
|
||
; MNHN 1938.0125 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF99FFFCFBE4F96BFB8ECEB8" box="[1049,1149,1693,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFB54F96BFF18CED4" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFB54F96BFF18CED4" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFEF8F937FEBACED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE:B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFEF8F937FEBACED3" box="[261,329,1729,1756]" country="Vietnam" name="Sa Pa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Sa Pa</location>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFE7DF937FDEDCED4" box="[384,542,1729,1756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFE7DF937FE2DCED3" box="[384,478,1729,1756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFDD0F937FBECCED4" accessionNumber="ROM 38195" box="[557,1055,1729,1756]" country="Vietnam" location="Lao Cai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
ROM 38195,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFD31F934FCD8CED4" box="[716,811,1729,1756]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFCC5F937FBE9CED4" box="[824,1050,1729,1756]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cao Bang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFBDAF937FACDCED3" accessionNumber="ROM 38195" box="[1063,1342,1729,1756]" collectorName="Tad Loi Waterfall" country="Vietnam" elevation="1186" latitude="20.23253" location="Lao Cai" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="103.2108" municipality="Phou Louey National Protected Area" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="holotype">ROM 28636, Cao Bang.</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFAA1F937FD42CF2B" accessionNumber="ROM 38195" collectorName="Tad Loi Waterfall" country="Vietnam" elevation="1186" latitude="20.23253" location="Lao Cai" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="103.2108" municipality="Phou Louey National Protected Area" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFAA1F937FA65CED4" bold="true" box="[1372,1430,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF99FFFCFAA1F937FA65CED4" box="[1372,1430,1729,1755]" name="Laos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFF6AF913FE8FCEF0" box="[151,380,1765,1791]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Houaphan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. NCSM 77924,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5048C72DFF99FFFCFDC6F913FC14CEF0" box="[571,999,1765,1792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phou Louey National Protected Area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFBD2F913FB0CCEF0" box="[1071,1279,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tad Loi Waterfall</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFAF0F913FA6BCF0F" box="[1293,1432,1765,1792]" degrees="20.23253" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="20.23253">20.23253°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFF6AF8FFFEECCF2C" box="[151,287,1801,1827]" degrees="103.2108" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="103.2108">103.2108°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFED7F8FFFDF8CF2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE:B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFED7F8FFFDF8CF2C" box="[298,523,1801,1827]" country="Laos" latitude="20.23253" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="103.2108" municipality="Phou Louey National Protected Area" name="Viengthong District" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Houaphan">Viengthong District</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFDAFF8FFFD42CF2B" box="[594,689,1801,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.186" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1186.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFDAFF8FFFD42CF2B" box="[594,689,1801,1828]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.186" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1186.0">1,186 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFD40F8FFFC91CF48" collectorName="Viengthong" country="Laos" elevation="1050" latitude="19.30189" location="Viengthong District" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="102.5736" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Houaphan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
1 non preserved specimen, near
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFBDAF8FFFB5FCF2C" box="[1063,1196,1801,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Viengthong</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFB4AF8FFFA6BCF2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE:B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFB4AF8FFFA6BCF2C" box="[1207,1432,1801,1827]" country="Laos" name="Viengthong District" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Houaphan Province">Viengthong District</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFF2BF8DBFEDDCF47" box="[214,302,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFF2BF8DBFEDDCF47" box="[214,302,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1050.0">1,050m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFEC1F8DBFE03CF48" box="[316,496,1837,1863]" country="Laos" name="Louangphabang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Louangphabang</collectingRegion>
|
||
(or
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF99FFFCFDDAF8D8FD16CF47" box="[551,741,1837,1864]" country="Laos" name="Louangphabang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Louang Prabang</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFD0AF8DBFCADCF48" box="[759,862,1837,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Province</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="00FB570AFF99FFFCFC90F8DBFC40CF63" country="Laos" elevation="1269" latitude="19.30189" location="Phoukhoume District" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="102.5736" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louangphabang" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
NCSM 77925,
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFBE2F8D8FB65CF48" box="[1055,1174,1837,1864]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hoay Tala</collectorName>
|
||
1, branch of the
|
||
<collectorName id="1D663881FF99FFFCFA9BF8D8FF1BCF64" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nam Madao</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFF0EF8A7FE8DCF64" box="[243,382,1873,1899]" degrees="19.30189" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="19.30189">19.30189°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF99FFFCFE74F8A7FDE1CF63" box="[393,530,1873,1900]" degrees="102.5736" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="102.5736">102.5736°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFDE0F8A7FCFDCF64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383AEC41FF99FFF6FF6AFB77FE04C9DE:B54C0B8CFF99FFFCFDE0F8A7FCFDCF64" box="[541,782,1873,1899]" country="Laos" latitude="19.30189" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="102.5736" name="Phoukhoume District" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Louangphabang">Phoukhoume District</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF99FFFCFCA9F8A7FC40CF63" box="[852,947,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.269" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1269.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3BBEBA64FF99FFFCFCA9F8A7FC40CF63" box="[852,947,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.269" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1269.0">1,269 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF99FFFDFF3AF883FAB1CC71" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF99FFFDFF3AF883FB34C9A2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1621,2044]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFF3AF883FE3BCF80" bold="true" box="[199,456,1909,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF99FFFCFE14F880FD6ECF80" author="Bourret, R." box="[489,669,1909,1936]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref45478" refString="Bourret, R. (1934 a) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. I. Ophidiens de Chapa. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 13 e Annee (1933 - 1934), 7 Mars 1934, 129 - 138. [Separate reprint: 1 - 10]" type="book chapter" year="1934">Bourret (1934a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFC98F883FBEFCF80" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" box="[869,1052,1909,1935]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFC98F883FBEFCF80" box="[869,1052,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pararhabdophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the sole included species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF99FFFCFAA6F880FDB1CFBC" authority="Bourret, 1934" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF99FFFCFAA6F880FE69CFBC" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bourret, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from a single specimen, on the basis of the following characters: 32 subequal maxillary teeth, of which the three last ones are strongly enlarged, and a small eye with a vertical pupil; other characters included a head well distinct from the neck, 2 internasals and 2 prefrontals, an elongate, slightly laterally compressed body, dorsal scales feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 17 rows, tail long, subcaudals paired and hypapophyses developed throughout along the vertebral column.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFC47FF4DFBA2C8DA" author="Smith, M. A." box="[954,1105,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref50894" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
accepted the validity of this genus solely on the basis of the vertical pupils of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF98FFFDFD0DFF29FCA5C8F6" box="[752,854,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Otherwise, Smith stated that he would have placed it in the then large genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFE49FEF5FD74C912" authority="Laurenti. In" authorityName="Laurenti. In" box="[436,647,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE49FEF5FE0FC913" box="[436,508,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Natrix</emphasis>
|
||
Laurenti. In
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fact, the diagnosis of the genus has been somewhat biased by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFABAFEF5FF02C94E" author="Bourret, R." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref45478" refString="Bourret, R. (1934 a) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. I. Ophidiens de Chapa. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 13 e Annee (1933 - 1934), 7 Mars 1934, 129 - 138. [Separate reprint: 1 - 10]" type="book chapter" year="1934">Bourret (1934a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF98FFFDFECFFED1FE67C94E" box="[306,404,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is in bad condition and strongly dessicated. After a careful examination under a powerful incident light, the pupil of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF98FFFDFE17FEBDFDBFC96A" box="[490,588,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
became visible. It is indeed elliptic at left but nearly circular at right, where it is much more difficult to see. Most probably, Bourret was misled by the state of his specimen, perhaps found dead on road. We suspect that the dessication of this specimen may have altered the shape of the eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AFE41FCF5CAFE" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The status of this genus has not been re-evaluated between 1934 and 2018 and it has been constantly considered to be valid (see the references cited above), probably by lack of additional specimens. Indeed, for long, this species has been known from its sole
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF98FFFDFE0CFE09FDA5CA16" box="[497,598,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected in north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF98FFFDFC69FE09FC04CA16" box="[916,1015,511,537]" name="Vietnam" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Subsequently, three specimens were obtained from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF98FFFDFEC4FDD5FE9CCA32" box="[313,367,547,573]" name="Laos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFE80FDD5FDBACA32" author="Teynie, A. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Lorvelec, O. & Piquet, A. & Lottier, A. & David, P." box="[381,585,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="21 - 52" refId="ref51415" refString="Teynie, A., Nguyen, T. Q., Lorvelec, O., Piquet, A., Lottier, A. & David, P. (2014) Amphibiens et Reptiles du Laos: nouvelles donnees nationales et provinciales. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France, 151 (1), 21 - 52." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Teynié
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE2DFDD5FDF3CA32" box="[464,512,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFDA7FDD5FCC9CA32" author="David, P. & Pauwels, O. S. G. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Vogel, G." box="[602,826,546,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="203 - 217" refId="ref47072" refString="David, P., Pauwels, O. S. G., Nguyen, T. Q. & Vogel, G. (2015 b) On the taxonomic status of the Thai endemic freshwater snake Parahelicops boonsongi, with the erection of a new genus (Squamata: Natricidae). Zootaxa, 3948 (2), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.2.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
David
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD59FDD5FD27CA32" box="[676,724,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined a total of nine specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFB18FDD5FEE0CA6E" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFB18FDD5FEE0CA6E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and confirmed the validity of the species. All these specimens agree in all points with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF98FFFDFAF2FDB1FA82CA6E" box="[1295,1393,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but have a round pupil. The posterior maxillary teeth are strongly enlarged. In the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFB9EFD9DFB28CA8A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[1123,1243,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Natricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this condition is met in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFEA4FD79FE2CCAA6" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[345,479,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFEA4FD79FE2CCAA6" box="[345,479,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhabdophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFDC9FD79FB8ACAA5" authority="(Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril)" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" box="[564,1145,655,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDC9FD79FCECCAA6" box="[564,799,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Amphiesma stolatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sole species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFF6AFD45FEE9CAC2" box="[151,282,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF6AFD45FEE9CAC2" box="[151,282,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Amphiesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following the revision of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFDC3FD45FCF0CAC2" author="Guo, P. & Zhu, F. & Liu, Q. & Zhang, L. & Li, J. X. & Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A." box="[574,771,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="425 - 440" refId="ref47938" refString="Guo, P., Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Li, J. X., Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Asian keelback snakes, genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3873 (4), 425 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Guo
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD8BFD45FD54CAC2" box="[630,679,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It appears also in the Himalayan species currently referred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFED8FD21FE43CAFF" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1860" box="[293,432,727,752]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFED8FD21FE43CAFF" box="[293,432,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Herpetoreas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G̹nther by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFDC0FD21FCF2CAFE" author="Guo, P. & Zhu, F. & Liu, Q. & Zhang, L. & Li, J. X. & Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A." box="[573,769,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="425 - 440" refId="ref47938" refString="Guo, P., Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Li, J. X., Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Asian keelback snakes, genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3873 (4), 425 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Guo
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD89FD21FD55CAFE" box="[628,678,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AFD0DFC71CBE2" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Eventually, on the basis of molecular data,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFD38FD0DFC4DCB1A" author="Kizirian, D. & Nguyen, T. Q. & Ngo, T. H. & Le, D. M." box="[709,958,763,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref48356" refString="Kizirian, D., Nguyen, T. Q., Ngo, T. H. & Le, D. M. (2018) Parahelicops, Pararhabdophis, Paraphyly: phylogenetic relationships among certain Southeast Asian natricine snakes (Hebius). American Museum Novitates, 3906, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3906.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kizirian
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFCD1FD0DFC92CB1A" box="[812,865,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFBA3FD0DFA6FCB1A" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" box="[1118,1436,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pararhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFBA3FD0DFA6FCB1A" box="[1118,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pararhabdophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFE37FCE9FD16CB36" authority="Thompson, 1913" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1913" box="[458,741,799,825]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE37FCE9FDEACB36" box="[458,537,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFDDFFCE9FD16CB36" author="Thompson, J. C." box="[546,741,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="414 - 426" refId="ref51579" refString="Thompson, J. C. (1913) Contributions to the Anatomy of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913, 414 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06139. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Thompson, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Barely one month later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFBF7FCE9FB3DCB36" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[1034,1230,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFBBDFCE9FB80CB36" box="[1088,1139,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reached the same conclusions on the basis of both morphological and molecular data. We here follow these authors in referring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFAA6FCB5FE7ECB8E" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Pararhadophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFAA6FCB5FE7ECB8E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pararhadophis chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFDD4FC91FD8BCB8E" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1913" box="[553,632,871,897]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDD4FC91FD8BCB8E" box="[553,632,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dentition of the upper maxilla, made of subequal small teeth followed by two enlarged posterior teeth, the average-sized eye with a round pupil, the dorsolateral nostrils, the keeled dorsal scales, the long, keeled tail, the supralabials longer than high and the general pattern, are typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFF6AFC25FF15CBE2" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,230,979,1005]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF6AFC25FF15CBE2" box="[151,230,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFE77FC25FDBDCBE2" author="Guo, P. & Zhu, F. & Liu, Q. & Zhang, L. & Li, J. X. & Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A." box="[394,590,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="425 - 440" refId="ref47938" refString="Guo, P., Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Li, J. X., Huang, Y. Y. & Pyron, R. A. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Asian keelback snakes, genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3873 (4), 425 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Guo
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE3CFC25FE01CBE2" box="[449,498,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species is monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AFC01FAB1CC71" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF98FFFDFE9DFC01FDE9CC1E" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[352,538,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE6EFC01FE30CC1E" box="[403,451,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the occurrence of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF98FFFDFC17FC01FBDECC1E" box="[1002,1069,1015,1041]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the basis of a single specimen collected from Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF98FFFDFB2BFBEDFA6BCC3A" box="[1238,1432,1051,1077]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at about only 21 kilometres from the Sino-Vietnamese border along the Vietnamese province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF98FFFDFB13FBC9FABECC56" box="[1262,1357,1087,1113]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lào Cai</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These authors also examined seven additional specimens from north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF98FFFDFC4CFB95FBE3CC72" box="[945,1040,1123,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sa Pa,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF98FFFDFB90FB95FAC4CC71" box="[1133,1335,1123,1150]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF98FFF2FF3AFB70FDBBCA32" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AFB70FB05CE96" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF3AFB70FEC9CCAF" bold="true" box="[199,314,1158,1184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—A moderately sized species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFCD3FB71FC8ECCAE" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1913" box="[814,893,1159,1185]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFCD3FB71FC8ECCAE" box="[814,893,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by the combination of
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFADBFB70FAB4CCAF" bold="true" box="[1318,1351,1158,1184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(1)</emphasis>
|
||
a body elongate in both sexes;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE5BFB5CFE34CCCB" bold="true" box="[422,455,1194,1220]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(2)</emphasis>
|
||
head distinct from the neck;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFCE7FB5CFCC8CCCB" bold="true" box="[794,827,1194,1220]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(3)</emphasis>
|
||
17–18 (rarely 19)-17-17 dorsal scale rows, distinctly keeled at midbody, strongly keeled posteriorly, especially before vent but smooth or feebly keeled on the 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF98FFFDFABBFB39FAA2CCD2" attach="left" box="[1350,1361,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">st</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale row;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFEEDFB04FEC2CD03" bold="true" box="[272,305,1266,1292]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(4)</emphasis>
|
||
scales around the base of the tail very strongly keeled;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFC67FB04FC48CD03" bold="true" box="[922,955,1266,1292]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(5)</emphasis>
|
||
eye average with a pupil variable in shape, i.e., usually round but also elliptic or even asymmetrically and irregularly shaped, 1.0–1.2 times the distance between the lower margins of eye and of lip;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD87FACCFD68CD5B" bold="true" box="[634,667,1338,1364]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(6)</emphasis>
|
||
29–34 maxillary teeth, progressively increasing in size in a continuous series, the last two or three abruptly and strongly enlarged, not separated from anterior teeth by a diastema;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFA81FAA8FA6ECD77" bold="true" box="[1404,1437,1374,1400]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(7)</emphasis>
|
||
nostrils piercing laterally or slightly dorsolaterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD2FFA74FD00CD93" bold="true" box="[722,755,1410,1436]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(8)</emphasis>
|
||
tail long but with a ratio Tal/TL lower than 0.30;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFAE9FA74FAC7CD93" bold="true" box="[1300,1332,1410,1436]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(9)</emphasis>
|
||
159–177 VEN;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF1DFA50FEFCCDCF" bold="true" box="[224,271,1446,1472]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(10)</emphasis>
|
||
90–114 subcaudals, paired;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDAFFA50FD8DCDCF" bold="true" box="[594,638,1446,1472]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(11)</emphasis>
|
||
internasals abruptly truncated;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFC19FA50FBE1CDCF" bold="true" box="[996,1042,1446,1472]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(12)</emphasis>
|
||
2 prefrontal scales,
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFB04FA50FADBCDCF" bold="true" box="[1273,1320,1446,1472]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(13)</emphasis>
|
||
1 anterior temporal,
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFEF6FA3CFECACDEB" bold="true" box="[267,313,1482,1508]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(14)</emphasis>
|
||
venter dark, blackish-brown or black, with some paler, more or less faint longitudinal streaks and sometimes a pale blotch or streak on the outer margin of ventrals;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFC82FA18FC5DCE07" bold="true" box="[895,942,1518,1544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(15)</emphasis>
|
||
background colour dark brown or blackishbrown;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF12F9E4FEEECE23" bold="true" box="[239,285,1554,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(16)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal pattern made of more or less elongate cream, pale yellow or pale orange-brown blotches on a faint dorsolateral stripe;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE57F9C0FE2BCE5F" bold="true" box="[426,472,1590,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(17)</emphasis>
|
||
an elongate, cream or pale ochre-yellow blotch, or isolated blotches on the nape;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFA93F9C0FA6ECE5F" bold="true" box="[1390,1437,1590,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(18)</emphasis>
|
||
a strong postocular streak;
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE3FF9ACFE03CE7B" bold="true" box="[450,496,1626,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(19)</emphasis>
|
||
upper head surface with strong, yellow vermiculations; and
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFB6DF9ACFB4DCE7B" bold="true" box="[1168,1214,1626,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(20)</emphasis>
|
||
supralabials cream, ochre-yellow or pale yellowish-brown, edged with dark brown, or divided into a pale and dark area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AF954FB33CF26" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF3AF954FEA8CEB3" bold="true" box="[199,347,1698,1724]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comparison</emphasis>
|
||
. Among species with 17 dorsal scale rows,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFCC2F955FBE3CEB2" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[831,1040,1699,1725]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFCC2F955FBE3CEB2" box="[831,1040,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFB0AF955FA6FCEB3" box="[1271,1436,1699,1724]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFB0AF955FA6FCEB3" box="[1271,1436,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by (1) internasals abruptly truncated (vs. distinctly narrowing); (2) its venter nearly entirely dark vs. entirely pale with only tips of ventral scales dark in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFDB6F91DFD02CF0B" box="[587,753,1771,1796]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDB6F91DFD02CF0B" box="[587,753,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (3) a distinct dorsal pattern; and (4) a shorter tail, ratio TaL/ TL 0.28–0.30 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF98FFFDFEA0F8F9FE19CF26" box="[349,490,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="0.32" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFE0CF8F9FD64CF27" box="[497,663,1807,1832]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFE0CF8F9FD64CF27" box="[497,663,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see also below in the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFBEEF8F9FB4ACF27" box="[1043,1209,1807,1832]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFBEEF8F9FB4ACF27" box="[1043,1209,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. annamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF98FFFDFF3AF8C5FECDCFD2" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFF3AF8C5FE68CF42" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[199,411,1843,1869]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF3AF8C5FE68CF42" box="[199,411,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFDCEF8C5FD45CF43" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[563,694,1843,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDCEF8C5FD45CF43" box="[563,694,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. venningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the characters given in the key above, especially (1) a shorter tail, ratio TaL/TL 0.28–0.30 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF98FFFDFDF8F8A0FD60CF7E" box="[517,659,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.254999999999999" metricValueMax="8.889999999999999" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="0.32499999999999996" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.35 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFD61F8A1FCECCF7F" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[668,799,1879,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFD61F8A1FCECCF7F" box="[668,799,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. venningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) the number of postoculars, mostly 2 (exceptionally 3) vs.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF98FFFDFF22F88DFEF8CF9A" box="[223,267,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
all examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFDB4F88DFD3ECF9B" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[585,717,1915,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFDB4F88DFD3ECF9B" box="[585,717,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. venningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (3) venter entirely dark with some pale streaks vs. venter pale mesially at least on the anterior part of the body, clouded with darker hues of brown on the outer parts of ventrals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF98FFFDFF49F835FEC5CFD3" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[180,310,1987,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF98FFFDFF49F835FEC5CFD3" box="[180,310,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. venningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFF61FB76C912" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FF3AFF61FE69C8BE" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[199,410,151,177]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF3AFF61FE69C8BE" box="[199,410,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FDCCFF61FD3BC8BF" box="[561,712,151,176]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FDCCFF61FD3BC8BF" box="[561,712,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. taronensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
especially by (1) its venter entirely dark with some pale streaks vs. venter pale anteriorly with an irregular dark brown crossband on each ventral, dark brown on its posterior half in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FF6AFF29FEDEC8F7" box="[151,301,223,248]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taronensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF6AFF29FEDEC8F7" box="[151,301,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. taronensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) dorsum with large, orange dorsal blotches vs. dorsum overally dark with faint paler blotches and diffuse black spots or blotches forming a complex speckled or irregularly mottled pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFED1FDBBCA32" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Lastly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FEE6FED1FE48C94E" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[283,443,295,321]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FEE6FED1FE48C94E" box="[283,443,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FCABFED1FC05C94F" box="[854,1014,295,320]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FCABFED1FC05C94F" box="[854,1014,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species may be distinguished by (1) a shorter tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FE68FEBDFDC7C96A" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[405,564,331,357]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FE68FEBDFDC7C96A" box="[405,564,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.28–0.30 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FD1FFEBDFC9CC96A" box="[738,879,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="0.32999999999999996" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.37 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FC8AFEBDFBE6C96B" box="[887,1045,331,356]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FC8AFEBDFBE6C96B" box="[887,1045,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) 90–114 subcaudals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FAB5FEBDFF18C987" baseAuthorityName="Bourret" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FAB5FEBDFF18C987" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 105–143 SC in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FE33FE99FD9EC987" box="[462,621,367,392]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FE33FE99FD9EC987" box="[462,621,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (3) dorsal scales strongly keeled on the body (smooth or feebly keeled on the 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FF0AFE65FEF1C9AE" attach="left" box="[247,258,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale row) vs. moderately keeled at midbody, strongly keeled posteriorly, but with scales of 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FA6CFE65FA6FC9AE" attach="none" box="[1425,1436,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st</superScript>
|
||
DSR smooth; (4) dorsal pattern made of more or less elongate, cream, pale yellow or pale orange-brown blotches (orange or rusty-red in life) on a faint dorsolateral stripe vs. rectangular blotches of the same colours, higher than long anteriorly then more elongate, forming a conspicuous, dorsolateral chain of blotches. Other characters may be found in the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF97FFF2FE5FFDD5FDB3CA33" box="[418,576,547,572]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FE5FFDD5FDB3CA33" box="[418,576,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. nigriventer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF97FFF3FF3AFDB0FC82CE5E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFDB0FA8DCB36" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF3AFDB0FEA2CA6F" bold="true" box="[199,337,582,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.—Body elongate, slightly laterally compressed, somewhat thicker in females; head elongate, somewhat triangular, distinct from the thick neck, strongly flattened anteriorly; snout elongate, flat, blunt or slightly round seen from above, subrectangular seen in profile, 25.0–31.0 % of HL, or 1.8–2.0 times longer than diameter of eye; nostrils small, round, placed slightly dorsolaterally on the snout and directed dorsolaterally, piercing in between the two parts of divided nasal; eye size average, about 1.0–1.2 times as large as the distance between its lower margin and the margin of the lip, with a pupil variable in shape, i.e., usually round but also elliptic or even asymmetrically and irregularly shaped, according to our specimens and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF97FFF2FC7FFCE9FBB1CB36" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[898,1090,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FC4BFCE9FC14CB36" box="[950,999,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; tail long, thin and tapering.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFCB5FB52CB8D" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The maximal known total length is
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FDA7FCB5FD4BCB52" box="[602,696,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.42" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="742.0">742 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FCF8FCB4FC96CB52" box="[773,869,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.34" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="534.0">534 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TaL
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FC58FCB5FBF6CB52" box="[933,1029,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="208.0">208 mm</quantity>
|
||
; specimen ROM 38195) for a male. The longest known female is
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FE1FFC91FDCCCB8E" box="[482,575,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="730.0">730 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FD3FFC90FCD2CB8E" box="[706,801,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.22" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="522.0">522 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TaL
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF97FFF2FCA2FC91FC4FCB8E" box="[863,956,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="208.0">208 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; ROM 28636).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFC7DFC3ECBA9" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,973,907,934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Ratio TaL/TL:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF97FFF2FE8DFC7DFE43CBAA" box="[368,432,907,933]" degrees="0.280" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="55" value="0.28">0.280</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5A73B90FF97FFF2FE4DFC7DFE0CCBAA" box="[432,511,907,933]" degrees="0.296" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="55" value="-0.296">–0.296</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, without sexual dimorphism (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFC59FDC3CBE2" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF3AFC59FEC2CBC7" box="[199,305,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
. 29–34 maxillary teeth, gradually enlarging in a continuous series, the last 2 or 3 teeth abruptly and strongly enlarged, without diastema.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFC01FD2BCC56" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF3AFC01FE9DCC1E" box="[199,366,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Body scalation</emphasis>
|
||
. DSR: 17(or 18)-17-17 rows; scales rhomboedric, keeled on 2
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FBDFFC00FBB2CC1E" attach="none" box="[1058,1089,1014,1041]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nd–</superScript>
|
||
10
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FBA1FC00FB9ACC0B" attach="none" box="[1116,1129,1014,1028]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
, moderately on the anterior part of the body, strongly posteriorly, very strongly in the region of the vent and along the base of the tail; scales of 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FF58FBC9FF43CC42" attach="left" box="[165,176,1087,1101]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st</superScript>
|
||
row smooth anteriorly, feebly keeled posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFB95FDD1CCAD" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In a sample of
|
||
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF97FFF2FE8CFB95FDFFCC72" box="[369,524,1123,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, the dorsal scale row formulas are: 17–17–17 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF97FFF2FBE2FB95FB5DCC71" box="[1055,1198,1123,1150]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), 18–17–17 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF97FFF2FABEFB95FF27CCAE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) and 19–17–17 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="A69596DEFF97FFF2FE69FB71FDE5CCAD" box="[404,534,1159,1186]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFB5DFD4DCCE6" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">VEN: 159–177 (plus 1 or 2 preventrals); SC: 90–114, all paired, with a weak sexual dimorphism (males: 103–114; females 90–111); cloacal plate divided.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFB05FE1FCD02" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,492,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ratio VEN/SC 1.47–1.77.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF2FF3AFAE1FD5BCD76" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Position of the reduction to 6 scale rows around the tail: SC 8–19, with a sexual dimorphism (males: 15–19
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FA6DFAE0FA6ECD2B" attach="right" box="[1424,1437,1302,1316]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
subcaudal; females: 8–13
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FE4EFACCFE33CD47" attach="left" box="[435,448,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
subcaudal); ratio: length of the portion of tail with 6 dorsal scale rows/length of the portion of tail with 4 dorsal scale rows: 0.39–0.55.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF97FFF3FF3AFA75FDA5C8DA" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FF3AFA75FE86CD92" box="[199,373,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Head scalation</emphasis>
|
||
. Arrangement of upper head scales complete including 2 internasals, 2 prefrontals, 2 supraoculars, 1 frontal, and 2 parietals. Rostral hexagonal, wider than high, well visible from above; nasals more or less rectangular, elongate, vertically divided above and below the nostril by a furrow with the fore and hind parts similar in size, altogether about 1.2–1.6 times longer than high; internasals subtriangular, 1.1–1.2 times longer than wide, abruptly truncated with their anterior margin about 0.7–0.58 times the width of the posterior margin, elongate, in broad contact with each other, shorter than the prefrontal; 2 prefrontals, rather large, wide but short, distinctly broader than long, 1.1–1.3 times longer than internasals; in broad contact with loreal; frontal hexagonal, large, shield-like, 1.1–1.3 times longer than wide and 1.7–1.9 times as long as the prefrontals; on each side 1 supraocular, subtriangular slightly narrower than internasals, 1.6–1.8 longer than wide, about 0.5 times as wide as frontal; parietals long and broad, 1.7–2.1 times longer than frontal, or suture between parietals as great as the frontal length; 1/1 loreal, rectangular, elongate, 1.5–1.8 times longer than high, in broad contact with the nasal; 2 (rarely 1) preoculars on each side, 2 subequal preoculars on each side in all specimens examined by us, 1 or 2 scales in specimens examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF97FFF2FF0CF8C5FE42CF42" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[241,433,1843,1869]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF97FFF2FED8F8C5FEA5CF42" box="[293,342,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 2 or rarely 3 small postoculars on each side, upper one largest; 9 (rarely 10) supralabials, 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FF58F8A1FF4CCF7E" attach="none" box="[165,191,1878,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st–</superScript>
|
||
5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FF31F8A0FF2ACF6B" attach="left" box="[204,217,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
SL longer than high, other supralabials as long as high, 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FC9EF8A1FC8ECF7E" attach="none" box="[867,893,1879,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st–</superScript>
|
||
2
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FC77F8A0FC69CF6B" attach="left" box="[906,922,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nd</superScript>
|
||
SL small and short, 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FB6CF8A1FB5FCF7E" attach="none" box="[1169,1196,1879,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st–</superScript>
|
||
3
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FB45F8A0FB35CF6B" attach="left" box="[1208,1222,1878,1892]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rd</superScript>
|
||
SL in contact with nasal, 2
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FF11F88CFEFECF9A" attach="none" box="[236,269,1914,1941]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nd–</superScript>
|
||
3
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FEE4F88CFED4CF87" attach="left" box="[281,295,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rd</superScript>
|
||
or 3
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FEA4F88CFE85CF9A" attach="none" box="[345,374,1914,1941]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rd–</superScript>
|
||
4
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FE7EF88CFE63CF87" attach="left" box="[387,400,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
SL in large contact with the loreal, 4
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FCD6F88CFCB4CF9A" attach="none" box="[811,839,1914,1941]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th–</superScript>
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FCA9F88CFC92CF87" attach="left" box="[852,865,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
or rarely 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FC26F88CFC04CF9A" attach="none" box="[987,1015,1914,1941]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th–</superScript>
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FBF9F88CFBE2CF87" attach="left" box="[1028,1041,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
SL entering orbit, 7
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FB0DF88CFAFECF9A" attach="none" box="[1264,1293,1914,1941]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th–</superScript>
|
||
8
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FAE4F88CFAD5CF87" attach="left" box="[1305,1318,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabials largest; 1 anterior temporal, narrow and elongate, in all known specimens; complete temporal formulas as 1+1 or more rarely 1+2; 9–10 (rarely 8) infralabials, first pair in contact with each other behind the mental, 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FAE5F835FAC1CFD2" attach="none" box="[1304,1330,1986,2013]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">st–</superScript>
|
||
5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF97FFF2FAC2F834FABFCFDF" attach="left" box="[1343,1356,1986,2000]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
(rarely 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FF58FF61FF4CC8BE" attach="none" box="[165,191,151,177]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">st–</superScript>
|
||
4
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FF31FF60FF2AC8AB" attach="none" box="[204,217,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
) IL in contact with anterior chin shields, 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD4FFF60FD4CC8AB" attach="left" box="[690,703,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
IL largest; mental triangular; anterior pair of chin shields equal to or slightly longer than posterior shields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFF29FE3FCA6E" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FF3AFF29FE22C8F7" box="[199,465,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coloration and pattern</emphasis>
|
||
. In preservative, upper dorsal surface and body sides are dark brown, dark chestnut brown or deep blackish-brown, with sides below the 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD0AFEF4FCF7C91F" attach="left" box="[759,772,258,272]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale row either variegated with cream or yellow, or with most scales of the 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FE4DFED1FE48C93A" attach="left" box="[432,443,295,309]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">st</superScript>
|
||
to 4
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FE10FED0FE09C93B" attach="left" box="[493,506,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
scale rows marked with irregular longitudinal streaks, cream, ochre or pale brown (see below in life), reduced to dots posteriorly; a large, elongate, crescentic blotch or smaller, isolated cream, pale yellow or pale orange-brown blotches on the nape; a faint or irregular dorsolateral stripe, yellowish-ochre or pale brown, extending from the neck to vent on the 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD49FE64FD3CC9A2" attach="right" box="[692,719,402,429]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th–</superScript>
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD21FE64FD1AC9AF" attach="left" box="[732,745,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale rows, often barely distinct or even absent; on the dorsolateral stripe (when present), a series of cream or yellow, elongate, blotches 2 or 3 scale long; the first four to six blotches behind the neck largest, covering scales of the 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FCBDFE2CFCAFC9FA" attach="none" box="[832,860,474,501]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th–</superScript>
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FC94FE2CFC85C9E7" attach="left" box="[873,886,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale rows, others progressively narrower and forming a chain of vertically narrow, irregular, strongly elongate blotches then turning into a narrow stripe posteriorly. Dorsal surface of tail is the same than the upper body surface, with a row of dorsolateral blotches of same colour as those of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFD9DFE1DCBC6" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The head is dark brown or blackish-brown as the body above, irregularly but strongly variegated above with paler brown, yellow or yellowish-ochre; sides of the snout distinctly paler, greyish-brown or greyish- or brownishyellow or brown-ochre; anterior supralabials rather brown, others ochre-yellow or pale brown, more or less strongly edged with dark brown or blackish-brown, last three supralabials ochre-yellow on their lower part, dark brown or blackish-brown on much of their middle, pale above, this pattern forming a lower, dark postocular streak; above, a narrow, oblique, more or less distinct cream, pale ochre-yellow or pale brown postocular streak on anterior and lower posterior temporals and top of the 8
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD8EFCB4FD73CB5F" attach="left" box="[627,640,834,848]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
and 9
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FD3BFCB4FD20CB5F" attach="left" box="[710,723,834,848]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabials, reaching the neck behind the corner of the mouth but not connected with the large blotch on the nape. The throat, chin and infralabials are cream or pale yellowishochre, more or less heavily spotted with dark brown spots; infralabials heavily marbled or spotted with dark brown. Eye dark golden brown in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFC25FCE3CC3A" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">The venter is dark brown or blackish-brown, with some paler, more or less faint longitudinal streaks; a more or less conspicuous cream spot or streak on the outer part of each ventral, with dark brown or blackish-brown tips. The under surface of tail has the same colour than the venter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFBC9FB83CD76" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
In life, the colour and pattern are much more vivid, some specimens being especially colourful (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF96FFF3FADCFBC9FA97CC56" box="[1313,1380,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[391,1197,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-19@27.[391,1197,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hebius chapaensis Bourret, alive—A: specimen from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. Photograph: Nikolai Orlov. B: specimen from Thanh Hoa Province. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen. C: specimen from Tuyen Quang Province. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463764/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); the dorsal background colour is dark greyish-brown, dark reddish-brown, dark brown or blackish-brown; scales of the sides below the 5
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FEA1FB70FE9ACC9B" attach="left" box="[348,361,1158,1172]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal scale row variegated with yellow or orange, or scales of the 1
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FB8AFB71FB71CC9A" attach="left" box="[1143,1154,1159,1173]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">st</superScript>
|
||
to 4
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FB48FB70FB31CC9B" attach="left" box="[1205,1218,1158,1172]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
scale rows marked with yellow or bright coral-red longitudinal streaks or dots posteriorly; the large crescentic blotch or the smaller blotches on the nape are yellowish-ochre or reddish-brown; the dorsolateral stripe is yellowish-red, rusty-red or reddish-brown; the dorsolateral blotches, anteriorly, and stripe, posteriorly, are vividly and conspiscuously colored in bright yellowish-red, orange or bright rusty-red. Pale markings on the head, the supralabials, the elongate blotch on the temporal region and the streak obliquely directed upwards and backwards on the hinder part of the head and the neck are yellowish-ochre or yellowish-red. Pale areas of the venter are yellowish-ochre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFA74FBE6CDEA" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FF3AFA74FEB8CD93" bold="true" box="[199,331,1410,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hemipenes</emphasis>
|
||
.—Based on morphological data of the specimen IEBR2908 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF96FFF3FBE4FA75FB25CD92" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[1049,1238,1411,1437]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FBB1FA75FB8FCD92" box="[1100,1148,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in everted condition the organ is single, short and subcylindrical, not forked, reaching the 5–6
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FC0CFA50FC0DCDBB" attach="left" box="[1009,1022,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
SC, spinose throughout; spines more or less uniform in size; sulcus spermaticus simple, reaching the tip of the organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AFA18FCB1CE06" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,834,1518,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FF3AFA18FE43CE07" bold="true" box="[199,432,1518,1544]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FE4AFA19FE20CE06" bold="true" box="[439,467,1519,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</emphasis>
|
||
It is expressed in two characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AF9E5FAECCE22" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1311,1554,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(1) Position of the reduction to 6 scale rows around the tail: males: 15–19
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FC02F9E4FBFFCE2F" attach="left" box="[1023,1036,1554,1568]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
SC; females: 8–13
|
||
<superScript id="47E6F01FFF96FFF3FB1CF9E4FB1DCE2F" attach="left" box="[1249,1262,1554,1568]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">th</superScript>
|
||
SC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AF9C1FC82CE5E" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,881,1591,1617]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">(2) Number of subcaudals: males: 103–114; females 90–111.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF96FFF3FF3AF9ACFDF1CFB6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF96FFF3FF3AF9ACFDF1CFB6" blockId="25.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FF3AF9ACFE49CE7B" bold="true" box="[199,442,1626,1652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="28A841D2FF96FFF3FE91F9ACFE41CE7B" box="[364,434,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,260,1218,1244]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,246,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-55@12.[219,1368,234,1194]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of species with 15 or 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody. Circles: Hebius annamensis Bourret. Diamonds: Hebius venningi Wall. Inverted triangles: Hebius taronensis Smith. Squares: Hebius nigriventer Wall. Triangles: Hebius chapaensis Bourret." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463746/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FE20F9ACFDB0CE7B" bold="true" box="[477,579,1626,1652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF96FFF3FE20F9ACFDB0CE7B" box="[477,579,1626,1652]" name="Vietnam" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FDAEF9ADFCC7CE7A" box="[595,820,1627,1653]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cao Bang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FCBDF9ADFC46CE7A" box="[832,949,1627,1653]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cao Bang</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FC3CF9ADFBF6CE7A" box="[961,1029,1627,1653]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Noi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hanoi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Municipality. Ba Vi National Park.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FF6AF989FE85CE96" box="[151,374,1663,1689]" country="Vietnam" name="Dien Bien" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Dien Bien Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Muong Nhe Nature Reserve, Muong Nhe District.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FC4FF989FB8BCE96" box="[946,1144,1663,1689]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FB7FF989FB2ECE96" box="[1154,1245,1663,1689]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Hoang Lien National Park, Sa Pa District; Bat Xat Nature Reserve, Bat Xat District.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FC6DF955FBB8CEB2" box="[912,1099,1699,1725]" country="Vietnam" name="Son La" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Son La Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Copia Nature Reserve, Thuan Chau Dsitrict; Sop Cop Nature Reserve, Sop Cop District.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FCDAF931FBE1CEEE" box="[807,1042,1735,1761]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thanh Hoa Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Xuan Lien, Thuong Xuan District.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FF6AF91DFE92CF0A" box="[151,353,1771,1797]" country="Vietnam" name="Yen Bai" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Yen Bai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Mu Cang Chai Species and Habitat Conservation Area, Che Tao Commune (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF96FFF3FB2DF91DFA80CF0A" author="Le, D. T. & Dao, A. N. & Pham, D. T. & Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[1232,1395,1771,1797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref48561" refString="Le, D. T., Dao, A. N., Pham, D. T., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2018) New records and an updated list of snakes from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 11, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Le
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FB0AF91DFADACF0A" box="[1271,1321,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FF6AF8F9FF22CF26" bold="true" box="[151,209,1807,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF96FFF3FF6AF8F9FF22CF26" box="[151,209,1807,1833]" name="Laos" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FF1CF8F9FE37CF26" box="[225,452,1807,1833]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Houaphan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Phou Louey National Protected Area, Viengthong District.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FB89F8F9FA6ACF26" box="[1140,1433,1807,1833]" country="Laos" name="Louangphabang" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Louangphabang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Hoay Tala, Phoukhoume District. Xaisomboun Province. Longcheng District (T. V.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF96FFF3FBC4F8C5FAE3CF42" author="Nguyen, T. V. & Brakels, P. & Maury, N. & Sudavanh, S. & Pawangkhanant, P. & Idiiatullina, S. & Lorphengsy, S. & Inkhavilay, K. & Suwannapoom, C. & Poyarkov, N. A." box="[1081,1296,1843,1869]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="218 - 249" refId="ref49863" refString="Nguyen, T. V., Brakels, P., Maury, N., Sudavanh, S., Pawangkhanant, P., Idiiatullina, S., Lorphengsy, S., Inkhavilay, K., Suwannapoom, C. & Poyarkov, N. A. (2020) New herpetofaunal observations from Laos based on photo records. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 14 (2), General Section,, e 248, 218 - 249." type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FB65F8C5FB3BCF42" box="[1176,1224,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FAC7F8C4FE80CF7F" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF96FFF3FAC7F8C4FE80CF7F" name="China" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF96FFF3FE7FF8A1FDB4CF7E" box="[386,583,1879,1905]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Daweishan National Nature Reserve, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Honghe Hani, Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and Jinhong Prefecture. This distribution includes data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF96FFF3FAD0F88DFF2FCFB6" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF96FFF3FA9EF88DFA66CF9A" box="[1379,1429,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. comm.,
|
||
<date id="C42D7B97FF96FFF3FE82F869FE05CFB6" box="[383,502,1951,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2020-06">June 2020</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E4EC0DDFFF95FFF0FF6AF867FD7DCFC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4463760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463760/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,260,1937,1963]" targetBox="[151,1436,180,1913]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF95FFF0FF6AF867FD7DCFC0" blockId="26.[151,1436,1937,1999]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF95FFF0FF6AF867FED0CFA4" bold="true" box="[151,291,1937,1963]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF95FFF0FED0F867FD95CFA3" authority="Bourret" authorityName="Bourret" box="[301,614,1937,1964]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF95FFF0FED0F867FDF0CFA4" box="[301,515,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bourret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="6F28E3F5FF95FFF0FD89F867FD25CFA4" box="[628,726,1937,1963]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MNHN 1938.0125)—A: dorsal view; B: lateral view of the head, right side. Photographs: Patrick David.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E4EC0DDFFF94FFF1FF6AF863FD07CFF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4463764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4463764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4463764/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,260,1941,1967]" targetBox="[391,1197,179,1917]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF94FFF1FF6AF863FD07CFF7" blockId="27.[151,1437,1941,2040]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF94FFF1FF6AF863FED2CFA0" bold="true" box="[151,289,1941,1967]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF94FFF1FED5F863FDA8CFBF" authority="Bourret" authorityName="Bourret" box="[296,603,1941,1968]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF94FFF1FED5F863FE08CFA0" box="[296,507,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bourret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, alive—A: specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF94FFF1FC77F860FBA1CFA0" box="[906,1106,1941,1968]" country="Vietnam" name="Yen Bai" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Yen Bai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF94FFF1FBA0F863FB33CFA0" box="[1117,1216,1941,1967]" name="Vietnam" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Photograph: Nikolai Orlov. B: specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF94FFF1FE22F84FFD3DCFDC" box="[479,718,1977,2004]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Thanh Hoa Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen. C: specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="725793B5FF94FFF1FAABF84CFEA3CFF8" country="Vietnam" name="Tuyen Quang" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tuyen Quang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Photograph: Truong Quang Nguyen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8890EDCFF93FFF6FF3AFF60FE04C9DE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B02C5D57FF93FFF6FF3AFF60FE04C9DE" blockId="28.[151,1436,150,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF93FFF6FF3AFF60FED2C8BF" bold="true" box="[199,289,150,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.—This species inhabits regions covered with tropical and subtropical evergreen montane forests between 900 and
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF93FFF6FEBEFF4DFE53C8DA" box="[323,416,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.046" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2046.0">2,046 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF93FFF6FE16FF4DFD6CC8DA" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[491,671,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF93FFF6FDDCFF4DFDA0C8DA" box="[545,595,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens for which data are available were collected in montane, wet evergreen forests and in close association with forest streams. This species is nocturnal and both semiaquatic and terrestrial; no specimen was collected at more than a few meters from water. One specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF93FFF6FA9BFEF5FA6FC912" box="[1382,1436,259,285]" name="Laos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
was swimming in submerged vegetation along the bank of a
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF93FFF6FCB0FED1FC57C94E" box="[845,932,295,321]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="3.0">3 meter</quantity>
|
||
wide stream with moderate current; another specimen was seen perched on a tree at
|
||
<quantity id="776BF0B2FF93FFF6FDA6FEBDFD42C96A" box="[603,689,331,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.0">1 meter</quantity>
|
||
from a stream. A specimen observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40220A6FF93FFF6FB82FEBDFACCC96A" author="Ren, J. & Wang, K. & Nguyen, T. T. & Hoang, C. V. & Zhong, G. & Jiang, K. & Guo, P. & Li, J." box="[1151,1343,331,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref50439" refString="Ren, J., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, C. V., Zhong, G., Jiang, K., Guo, P. & Li, J. (2018) Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China. Zootaxa, 4486 (1), 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.1.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF93FFF6FB49FEBDFB15C96A" box="[1204,1254,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was actively preying upon tadpoles of a treefrog species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF93FFF6FD27FE99FC3AC986" authorityName="Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean" authorityYear="2000" box="[730,969,367,393]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duboisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF93FFF6FD27FE99FC3AC986" box="[730,969,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhacophorus duboisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on the edge of a pool. Other data of the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="779326D4FF93FFF6FEEEFE65FE15C9A2" box="[275,486,403,429]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Hebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="82E78145FF93FFF6FEEEFE65FE15C9A2" box="[275,486,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hebius chapaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as reproductive habits, are still unknown. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8841DC7FF93FFF6FB3AFE65FB0EC9A2" box="[1223,1277,403,429]" name="Laos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
did not prove to be aggressive when handled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |