374 lines
34 KiB
XML
374 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96501f8d-75a0-4a4f-908f-f2fab9e9e2fb" ID-PMC="PMC8486728" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1060-171" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3EDA29FDD5D1573296CA6832134089EF" ID-PubMed="34690507" ID-ZooBank="D90713AA340C4A64BB8935A45218A592" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1060-171" checkinTime="1632515455993" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tanaka, Hirotaka, Suetsugu, Kenji & Kamitani, Satoshi" docDate="2021" docId="308FFFCF1AB65C5FB57BE688B4F0CE84" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1060: 171-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1060" docPubDate="2021-09-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652" docTitle="Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="16C9E917-1BDE-45BA-A3B7-0F59D8F631F5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="3EDA29FDD5D1573296CA6832134089EF" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="3EDA29FDD5D1573296CA6832134089EF" masterDocTitle="A parasitic insect on a parasitic plant: a new species of the genus Formicoccus Takahashi (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) from Ishigaki Island, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1668150914200" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A parasitic insect on a parasitic plant: a new species of the genus Formicoccus Takahashi (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) from Ishigaki Island, Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tanaka, Hirotaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-361X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3 - 5 - 7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8566, Japan & The Kyushu University Museum, Hakozaki 6 - 10 - 1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812 - 8581, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">coccoidea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suetsugu, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1 - 1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kamitani, Satoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-09-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1060</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>171</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1060-171</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D90713AA340C4A64BB8935A45218A592</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">3EDA29FDD5D1573296CA6832134089EF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="188494179" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16C9E917-1BDE-45BA-A3B7-0F59D8F631F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/308FFFCF1AB65C5FB57BE688B4F0CE84" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/16C9E917-1BDE-45BA-A3B7-0F59D8F631F5" authority="Tanaka" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi" status="sp. nov.">Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="171">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live individuals of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov. feeding on the underground part of the host plant, Balanophora fungosa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592474" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Live mature adult females of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592475" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov., adult female. Abbreviations: ALC, anal lobe cerarius (C 18); ANT, antenna; AR, anal ring; DP, discoidal pore; LG, hind tibia. tarsus and claw; MP, multilocular pore; OCD, oral collar duct; PLC, penultimate cerarius (C 17); TP, trilocular pore. Scale bars: 200 µm for ANT and LG; 100 µm for ALC, AR, and PLC; 10 µm for other details." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592476" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">, 3 Japanese common name: Tsuchitorimochi-Konakaigaramushi</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Adult ♀, Japan / Okinawa prefecture / Ishigaki Is., Sakieda /
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24.445794" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.445793">24.445794°N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="124.079765" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="124.079765">124.079765°E</geoCoordinate>
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/ on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora fungosa" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora fungosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ 14.xii.2019 / coll. K. Yoshino; mounted singly (ELKU).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 2 adult ♀♀, same data as for holotype, mounted singly (1 EUMJ, 1 ELKU). 4 adult ♀♀, Japan / Okinawa prefecture / Ishigaki Is., Kabira /
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<geoCoordinate degrees="24.451620" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.45162">24.451620°N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="124.159781" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="124.15978">124.159781°E</geoCoordinate>
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/on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora fungosa" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora fungosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ 14. xii.2019 / coll. K. Yoshino; mounted singly (2 EUMJ, 2 ELKU)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Slide-mounted adult female mostly oval. Anal lobes with well-developed and narrow anal lobe bar. Antenna mostly with seven segments and many flagellate setae. Legs relatively short and stout, but well developed. Hind legs with numerous translucent pores present on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of coxae. Circulus present between ventral abdominal segments III and IV. Ostioles present. Anal ring situated ca. half length from apex of abdomen or end of posterior abdominal segments, bearing 6 setae. Cerarii numbering fewer than 6 pairs; all cerarii situated on posterior abdominal segments. Dorsal setae slender, relatively long and flagellate, densely present and covering almost entire body surface. Dosal trilocular pores evenly distributed. Oral rim ducts and oral collar tubular ducts absent on dorsum. Discoidal pores sparsely distributed on both body surface. Multilocular disc pores mostly present in medial area of ventral abdominal segments VI-IX. One size of oral collar tubular ducts present on venter, forming an irregular submarginal band on posterior abdominal segments and forming transverse rows on medial area of abdominal segments VI-IX.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">(n = 7).</emphasis>
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Live adult female feeding on the underground part of host plant (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live individuals of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov. feeding on the underground part of the host plant, Balanophora fungosa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592474" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Live mature adult females of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592475" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</figureCitation>
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) and secreting white powdery wax on all body surfaces (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live individuals of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov. feeding on the underground part of the host plant, Balanophora fungosa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592474" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Live mature adult females of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592475" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</figureCitation>
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). Body shape of mature adult female mostly hemispherical in shape (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Live mature adult females of Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592475" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592474" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Live individuals of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus yoshinoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Tanaka, sp. nov. feeding on the underground part of the host plant,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora fungosa" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora fungosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592475" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Live mature adult females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus yoshinoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Tanaka, sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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Slide-mounted adult female mostly oval, 2.4 (2.4-3.2) mm long and 1.6 (1.6-2.9) mm wide; derm membranous; segmentation relatively well-developed. Anal lobes distinct but not prominent, dorsal and ventral surfaces of each lobe with weakly sclerotised area, ventral surface with long apical seta, 192-194 (178-194)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and with well-developed and narrow anal lobe bar; anal lobe bar fairly conspicuous, but occasionally fainted and rarely difficult to see. Antenna 368-372 (322-407)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with 7 (7-8) segments and many flagellate setae; subapical segment with one fleshy seta and apical segment with 4 (3-4) fleshy setae. Legs relatively short and stout, but well-developed, with many flagellate setae; hind trochanter + femur 319-332 (300-356)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, hind tibia + tarsus 243-250 (239-278)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; claw 38-43 (38-46)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus: trochanter + femur 0.73-0.78 (0.73-0.82); ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1.87-2.07 (1.60-2.13). Paired tarsal digitules present, subequal in length to the minutely knobbed claw digitules. Hind legs with numerous translucent pores present on both dorsal and ventral surface of coxae. Labium ca. 280 (220-285)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, slightly longer than clypeus. Circulus present between abdominal segments III and IV, 85 (50-100)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and 215 (140-235)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Ostioles present, each with inner edges of lips not sclerotised; anterior ostioles each with a total for both lips of 106-118 (46-118) trilocular pores and 19-21 (16-25) setae; each posterior ostiole with a total for both lips of 105-118 (64-122) trilocular pores and 18-23 (16-24) setae. Anal ring 108 (90-108)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, situated ca. half the length from apex of abdomen to end of posterior abdominal segments, with two rows of cells, bearing six setae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Formicoccus yoshinoi Tanaka, sp. nov., adult female. Abbreviations: ALC, anal lobe cerarius (C 18); ANT, antenna; AR, anal ring; DP, discoidal pore; LG, hind tibia. tarsus and claw; MP, multilocular pore; OCD, oral collar duct; PLC, penultimate cerarius (C 17); TP, trilocular pore. Scale bars: 200 µm for ANT and LG; 100 µm for ALC, AR, and PLC; 10 µm for other details." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592476" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">3</figureCitation>
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. AR); each seta 83-110 (83-118)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Cerarii numbering 5 (3-6) pairs, all cerarii situated on posterior abdominal segments. Anal lobe cerarii (C18) each situated on sclerotised cuticle, containing 2 (1-4) conical setae, each seta 15-20 (15-28)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and ca. 4-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base; 12-16 (11-20) auxiliary setae and a concentration of trilocular pores. Penultimate cerarii (C17) each situated on weakly sclerotised cuticle, containing 2-4 (1-6) conical setae and many auxiliary setae. Cerarii situated further forward generally each with 0-4 conical setae and at least one cerarii contain more than three conical setae and many auxiliary setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1060.71652.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/592476" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus yoshinoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Tanaka, sp. nov., adult female. Abbreviations:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">ALC</emphasis>
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, anal lobe cerarius (C18);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">ANT</emphasis>
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, antenna;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">AR</emphasis>
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, anal ring;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">DP</emphasis>
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, discoidal pore;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">LG</emphasis>
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, hind tibia. tarsus and claw;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">MP</emphasis>
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, multilocular pore;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">OCD</emphasis>
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, oral collar duct;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">PLC</emphasis>
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, penultimate cerarius (C17);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">TP</emphasis>
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, trilocular pore. Scale bars: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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for
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">ANT</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">LG</emphasis>
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; 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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for
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">ALC</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">AR</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">PLC</emphasis>
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; 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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for other details.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Setae slender, relatively long and flagellate, each 21-68 (14-68)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, longest setae present on medial area of posterior abdominal segments, densely present and covering almost entire body surface. Trilocular pores ca. 3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, evenly distributed. Oral rim ducts and oral collar tubular ducts absent. Discoidal pores slightly smaller than trilocular pores, sparsely distributed on body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral derm with slender flagellate setae, each 31-123 (15-123)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, longest on medial area of posterior abdominal segments. Multilocular disc pores, each 7-9 (6-9)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, mostly present in medial area of abdominal segments VI-IX. Trilocular pores ca. 3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, evenly distributed. Oral rim ducts absent. Oral collar tubular ducts present, of one size, each with outer ductule 2-4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter (slightly smaller than that of a trilocular pore) forming an irregular submarginal band on posterior abdominal segments and forming transverse rows on medial area of abdominal segments VI-IX. Discoidal pores slightly smaller than trilocular pores, sparsely present on body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora fungosa" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora fungosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Balanophoraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora fungosa" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora fungosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by unusual mushroom-shaped inflorescences that emerge above the ground and warty tubers that are attached to their host plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Dansk Botanisk Arkiv" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 188" refId="B7" refString="Hansen, B, 1972. The genus Balanophora J.R. and G. Forster. A taxonomic monograph. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 28: 1 - 188" title="The genus Balanophora J. R. and G. Forster. A taxonomic monograph." volume="28" year="1972">Hansen 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus yoshinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in aggregations on the tuber of this species. Given that (i) no other plants associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. yoshinoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. yoshinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tanaka, sp. nov. were found during the survey and (ii)
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. fungosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="fungosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">B. fungosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals infected by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. yoshinoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. yoshinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tanaka, sp. nov. were found at two independent sites, this species might be a specialist on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Balanophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanophora" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Balanophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. It is worth investigating whether the species feeds on other plant species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In his taxonomic revision of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1928, in Southern Asia,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, DJ" journalOrPublisher="BHD, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" refId="B20" refString="Williams, DJ, 2004. Mealybugs of Southern Asia. Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD, Kuala Lumpur" title="Mealybugs of Southern Asia. Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN." year="2004">Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emphasised the following morphological character states as defining morphological features of the genus: the presence of 18 pairs of cerarii, the presence of anal lobe bars on the ventral side of the anal lobe, and the presence of more than two cerarian setae on at least some abdominal cerarii. However, there are exceptions in the first two-character states, with a species with fewer than 17 pairs of cerarii (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. tripurensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="tripurensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. tripurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a species with an uncertain presence of anal lobe bars (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. lingnani" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="lingnani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. lingnani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were included in the genus. The species described in this study also does not have 18 pairs of cerarii, and the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
anal lobe bars are quite fainted and often difficult to see in a few specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Danzig, EM" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" refId="B2" refString="Danzig, EM, Gavrilov-Zimin, IA, 2015. Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 2: Subfamily Pseudococcinae. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg" title="Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 2: Subfamily Pseudococcinae." year="2015">Danzig and Gavrilov-Zimin (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rejected the use of anal lobe bar as a generic character state of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They regarded that the presence or absence of the anal lobe bar fell into individual variations and instead used the presence of more than six setae in the anal ring as a critical generic character state of the genus. According to their opinion, the species described in this study are not
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the debate on the definition of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still ongoing, and no consensus has been reached yet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.709.15161" author="Zhang, JT" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B21" refString="Zhang, JT, Wu, SA, 2017. A study of the genus Paraputo Laing, 1929 of China, with description of two new species (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha). ZooKeys 709: 57 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.709.15161" title="A study of the genus Paraputo Laing, 1929 of China, with description of two new species (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.709.15161" volume="709" year="2017">Zhang and Wu (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded the number of anal ring setae as having no generic significance. Based on their studies, the anal ring typically bears six basic setae, and when more setae are present, the extra setae are usually slender and short, and vary in their positions. They placed some species with anal lobe bars (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. citricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="citricola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. citricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Borchsenius, 1962)) in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is clear that a more detailed study is required to better understand the importance of such morphological character states, particularly using a combination of molecular and morphological characters. Under these circumstances, we tentatively included the species described in this study into the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formicoccus yoshinoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoshinoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Formicoccus yoshinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tanaka, sp. nov. is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. formicarius" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="formicarius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. formicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Newstead, 1900) in having: (i) long flagellate dorsal setae; (ii) relatively short and stout legs; (iii) only one type of ventral oral collar tubular duct; and (iv) a round body shape, but differs from this species as follows (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. formicarius" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="formicarius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. formicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given in parentheses): (i) having fewer than six cerarii with 0-6 conical cerarian setae (with 18 pairs of cerarii with long and stout flagellate setae); and (ii) having a transverse row of ventral oral collar tubular ducts on the medial area of posterior abdominal segments (lacking ventral oral collar tubular ducts on medial area of abdominal segments). The species is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. erythrinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="erythrinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. erythrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Williams, 2004, in having: (i) long flagellate dorsal setae; (ii) relatively short legs; and (iii) round body shape, but differs from the latter species as follows (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. erythrinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="erythrinae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">F. erythrinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given in parentheses): (i) having fewer than six cerarii (having 18 cerarii); and (ii) having only one type of ventral oral collar tubular duct (with two types of ventral oral collar tubular ducts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Named after the collector of type series, an independent researcher of plants in Ishigaki Is., Mr. Keiya Yoshino.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |