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<document id="1CA2DEE1629302665D160CBC0216DAAB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195134" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f634771d-2f16-4f5a-87ce-06c29fb67e92" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195134" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460223399913" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. &amp; King, Rachael A." docDate="2010" docId="30710A411631FFD5FF2A2130EB88D48B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02449p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2449" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dendrochirotida" docType="key" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="CC487239163BFFDEFFBD255FEE14D644" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698238035144" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2965F59B5E577CB618C6F0260D5F175D">A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="30710A411631FFD5FF2A2130EB88D48B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208455" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208455" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:30710A411631FFD5FF2A2130EB88D48B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30710A411631FFD5FF2A2130EB88D48B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1631FFD4FF2A2130EAA2D2CD" box="[151,1206,1135,1161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2130EAA2D2CD" blockId="10.[151,1206,1135,1161]" box="[151,1206,1135,1161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="E32F0C3B1631FFD4FF2A2130EAA2D2CD" bold="true" box="[151,1206,1135,1161]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FF2A2130EAA2D2CD" bold="true" box="[151,1206,1135,1161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Key to members of the Order
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FDB22130ECCAD2CD" ID-CoL="7NF9H" box="[527,734,1135,1161]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
known from the South Atlantic Bight
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC1631FFD5FF2A21E7EB88D48B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A21E7EB8FD2AB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A21E7EB8FD28B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1208,1231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A21E7EB8FD28B" box="[151,1435,1208,1231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
1. Body limpet-like, partially covered by conspicuous overlapping plates (Family
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FBAA21E7EA67D28B" ID-CoL="7NKQW" box="[1047,1139,1208,1231]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Psolidae</taxonomicName>
) ........................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2187EB8FD2AB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1240,1263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2187EB8FD2AB" box="[151,1435,1240,1263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Body without a partial test; ossicles usually small, inconspicuous .............................................................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A21A7EB8FD36B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A21A7EB8FD34B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1272,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A21A7EB8FD34B" box="[151,1435,1272,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2. Five distinct oral valves present.................................................................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2047EB8FD36B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1304,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2047EB8FD36B" box="[151,1435,1304,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
- Not five distinct oral valves
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FE472047EB8FD36B" box="[506,1435,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
....................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FAB92047EB8FD36B" ID-CoL="4PL8Y" box="[1284,1435,1304,1327]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fabricii">Psolus fabricii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A2067EB88D3CB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2067EB88D32B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2067EB88D32B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
3. Dorsal plates with small knobs (tuberculated). Plates in sole with 10 or more perforations.......................................... .....................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB0F2007EB88D32B" ID-CoL="6WJZH" box="[1202,1436,1368,1391]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="tuberculosus" subSpecies="tuberculosus">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FB0F2007EB88D32B" box="[1202,1436,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Psolus t. tuberculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2027EB88D3CB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1436,1400,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2027EB88D3CB" box="[151,1436,1400,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
- Dorsal plates not tuberculated. Plates in sole with about four perforations
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FC672027EB88D3CB" box="[986,1436,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
.....................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB692027EB88D3CB" ID-CoL="78JZ8" box="[1236,1436,1400,1423]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="operculatus">Psolus operculatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A20C7EB88D38B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A20C7EB8FD3EB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1432,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A20C7EB8FD3EB" box="[151,1435,1432,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
4. Calcareous ring simple, lacking posterior processes. (Family
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FCE820C7EDFFD3EB" ID-CoL="7NH2J" box="[853,1003,1432,1455]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cucumariidae</taxonomicName>
)............................................................. 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A20E7EB88D38B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1436,1464,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A20E7EB88D38B" box="[151,1436,1464,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Calcareous ring with paired or unpaired posterior processes ..................................................................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A2087EB8FD04B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2087EB88D3AB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1436,1496,1519]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2087EB88D3AB" box="[151,1436,1496,1519]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
5. Ossicles in body wall include tables.
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FDEC2087EB88D3AB" box="[593,1436,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
.................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FBCC2087EB88D3AB" box="[1137,1436,1496,1519]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Duasmodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="seguroensis">Duasmodactyla seguroensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A20A7EB8FD04B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1528,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A20A7EB8FD04B" box="[151,1435,1528,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Ossicles in body wall not including tables.................................................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A2347EB8FD00B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2347EB8FD06B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1560,1583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2347EB8FD06B" box="[151,1435,1560,1583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6. Tube feet restricted to radii, at least ventrally, mostly absent from interradii .............................................................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2367EB8FD00B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1592,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2367EB8FD00B" box="[151,1435,1592,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Tube feet present in radii and interradii........................................................................................................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A2307EB8FD0CB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2307EB88D02B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1436,1624,1647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2307EB88D02B" box="[151,1436,1624,1647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
7. Ossicles irregular four-holed plates with low knobs and not including cups .........................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB292307EB88D02B" ID-CoL="4CQWQ" box="[1172,1436,1624,1647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Paracolochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mysticus">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FB292307EB88D02B" box="[1172,1436,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paracolochirus mysticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2327EB8FD0CB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1656,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2327EB8FD0CB" box="[151,1435,1656,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Ossicles include cups and buttons. ............................................................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A23C7EB88D0AB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A23C7EB8FD0EB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1688,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A23C7EB8FD0EB" box="[151,1435,1688,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
8. Cups irregular, hollow, like reticulated eggs. Buttons of one
<typeStatus id="676305F51631FFD4FCF623C7ED68D0EB" box="[843,892,1688,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
, with ten knobs. ..............................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB4323C7EB8FD0EB" ID-CoL="5W68J" box="[1278,1435,1688,1711]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Aslia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FB4323C7EB8FD0EB" box="[1278,1435,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aslia pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A23E7EB88D0AB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A23E7EB88D0AB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
- Cups deep, concavity defined by four spokes. Buttons of two
<typeStatus id="676305F51631FFD4FCE423E7ED81D08B" box="[857,917,1720,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
: heavier small-holed and delicate large-holed .... ..........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB6F2387EB88D0AB" box="[1234,1436,1752,1775]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Aslia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FB6F2387EB88D0AB" box="[1234,1436,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aslia surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A23A7EB8FD10B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A23A7EB88D16B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A23A7EB88D16B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
9. Tube feet most numerous along radii. Perforated plates in body wall. Cups flattened, shallow, margin solid, with 79 teeth.
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FEB92247EB88D16B" box="[260,1436,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB742247EB88D16B" ID-CoL="56RQ2" box="[1225,1436,1816,1839]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Thyonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gemmata">Thyonella gemmata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2267EB8FD10B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1848,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2267EB8FD10B" box="[151,1435,1848,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Tube feet uniformly scattered over body. No perforated plates in body wall............................................................. 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A2207EB88D1EB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2207EB8FD1CB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2207EB8FD1CB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
10. Cups deep with narrow opening; margin fringed with numerous, irregular, small teeth on both inner and outer sides .........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB702227EB8FD1CB" ID-CoL="3DDL8" box="[1229,1435,1912,1935]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Euthyonacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FB702227EB8FD1CB" box="[1229,1435,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euthyonacta solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A22C7EB88D1EB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1436,1944,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A22C7EB88D1EB" box="[151,1436,1944,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
- Cups shallow with wide opening; with 710 blunt teeth forming margin
<emphasis id="8AAC67451631FFD4FC7B22C7EB88D1EB" box="[966,1436,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
.......................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41631FFD4FB7222C7EB88D1EB" ID-CoL="56RQ4" box="[1231,1436,1944,1967]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Thyonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pervicax">Thyonella pervicax</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21631FFD4FF2A22E7EB8FD1AB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A22E7EB8FD18B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,1976,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A22E7EB8FD18B" box="[151,1435,1976,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11. Posterior processes of calcareous ring simple, entire ................................................................................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571631FFD4FF2A2287EB8FD1AB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1208,2031]" box="[151,1435,2008,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<keyLead id="032918621631FFD4FF2A2287EB8FD1AB" box="[151,1435,2008,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">- Posterior processes of calcareous ring complex, composed of a mosaic of minute pieces. ....................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A25C7EB8FD68B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A25C7EB88D6EB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A25C7EB88D6EB" box="[151,1436,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
12. Ossicles knobbed buttons. Tube feet contain elongate tables
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FCFA25C7EB88D6EB" box="[839,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB6D25C7EB88D6EB" ID-CoL="6WHZF" box="[1232,1436,152,175]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Pseudothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belli">Pseudothyone belli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A25E7EB8FD68B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,184,207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A25E7EB8FD68B" box="[151,1435,184,207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Ossicles tables. Buttons absent. .................................................................................................................................. 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A2587EB88D74B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2587EB88D6AB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,216,239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2587EB88D6AB" box="[151,1436,216,239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
13. Tables oblong to oval, with two-pillared spires.
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FD7F2587EB88D6AB" box="[706,1436,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB722587EB88D6AB" ID-CoL="3DDLX" box="[1231,1436,216,239]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trita">Euthyonidiella trita</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A25A7EB88D74B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,248,271]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A25A7EB88D74B" box="[151,1436,248,271]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
- Tables squarish, with four-pillared spires.
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FD3B25A7EB88D74B" box="[646,1436,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
..................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB1725A7EB88D74B" ID-CoL="4VPKV" box="[1194,1436,248,271]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus">Sclerodactyla briareus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A2447EB8FD70B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2447EB88D76B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,280,303]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2447EB88D76B" box="[151,1436,280,303]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
14. Tube feet restricted to the radii.
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FDA62447EB88D76B" box="[539,1436,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB1C2447EB88D76B" ID-CoL="76NSF" box="[1185,1436,280,303]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">Pentamera pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2467EB8FD70B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,312,335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2467EB8FD70B" box="[151,1435,312,335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Tube feet scattered on body wall. ............................................................................................................................... 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A2407EB88D7EB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2407EB8FD72B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,344,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2407EB8FD72B" box="[151,1435,344,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15. With 10 tentacles......................................................................................................................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2427EB88D7EB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2427EB88D7EB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
- With 20 tentacles. Ossicles tables with scalloped margins and 48 perforations. Table spires reduced to form four bluntly pointed projections. ...............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FBB724C7EB88D7EB" box="[1034,1436,408,431]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Urodemella">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FBB724C7EB88D7EB" box="[1034,1436,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllophorus (Urodemella) arenicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A24E7EB8FD7AB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A24E7EB8FD78B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,440,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A24E7EB8FD78B" box="[151,1435,440,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16. Ossicles tables with oval disc, four perforations, and thick margins.......................................................................... 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2487EB8FD7AB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,472,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2487EB8FD7AB" box="[151,1435,472,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Ossicles tables with thin margins, irregular disc outlines, and few to numerous perforations................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A24A7EB88D46B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A24A7EB88D44B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,504,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A24A7EB88D44B" box="[151,1436,504,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
17. Spires of tables terminating in several short teeth
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FD6B24A7EB88D44B" box="[726,1436,504,527]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
..........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB7A24A7EB88D44B" ID-CoL="8RBQD" box="[1223,1436,504,527]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudofusus">Thyone pseudofusus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2747EB88D46B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,536,559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2747EB88D46B" box="[151,1436,536,559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
- Spires of tables terminating in a single blunt spine
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FD5E2747EB88D46B" box="[739,1436,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
.........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB722747EB88D46B" ID-CoL="56RLQ" box="[1231,1436,536,559]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">Thyone crassidisca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A2767EB8FD4CB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2767EB88D42B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2767EB88D42B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
18. Tables with 2030 holes. Tables in tube feet with short, non-tapering spires ................................................................ ..........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB6E2707EB88D42B" ID-CoL="3JWLN" box="[1235,1436,600,623]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FB6E2707EB88D42B" box="[1235,1436,600,623]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Havelockia scabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A2727EB8FD4CB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1435,632,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A2727EB8FD4CB" box="[151,1435,632,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">- Tables with 48 or 818 holes. Tables in tube feet with longer, tapering spires .......................................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="032CA3F21630FFD5FF2A27C7EB88D48B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A27C7EB88D4EB" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,664,687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A27C7EB88D4EB" box="[151,1436,664,687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
19. Tables with 48 holes. Tables in tube feet with abruptly tapering spires
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FC0227C7EB88D4EB" box="[959,1436,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
.............................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB5327C7EB88D4EB" ID-CoL="56RN7" box="[1262,1436,664,687]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pawsoni">Thyone pawsoni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B867BB571630FFD5FF2A27E7EB88D48B" blockId="11.[151,1436,152,719]" box="[151,1436,696,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<keyLead id="032918621630FFD5FF2A27E7EB88D48B" box="[151,1436,696,719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
- Tables with 818 holes. Tables in tube feet with gently tapering spires
<emphasis id="8AAC67451630FFD5FC0F27E7EB88D48B" box="[946,1436,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
.......................................
<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D41630FFD5FB0427E7EB88D48B" ID-CoL="7C9H5" box="[1209,1436,696,719]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="deichmannae">Thyone deichmannae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>