172 lines
16 KiB
XML
172 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="D0D8A2FD5D1C224ACEEEC933BB4541AF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195134" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f634771d-2f16-4f5a-87ce-06c29fb67e92" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195134" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460223399913" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pawson, David L., Pawson, Doris J. & King, Rachael A." docDate="2010" docId="30710A41161EFFFBFF2A2752EAD8D22B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02449p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2449" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="CC487239163BFFDEFFBD255FEE14D644" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698238035144" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="56AE02949977B754E454E6246ED52485">
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<mods:title id="ABEBEB24D126A422425E8BC007B5456C">A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7D115175100E727EE6BD720006362B00" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0474380399CBCA53B1B162C40263F03A">Pawson, David L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D55EAC72B41D9D0D3AFE688979EB7D08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EED7564B89ECB17819413570FD2611D4">Pawson, Doris J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9929100157CC05827B068A5B4C743F4E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="02AACF98363B8FF055533354FAD52892">King, Rachael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A237044AC918807142ECC1617DE6DDC4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D3046B65CC221DEC5E835C2962F2305D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="37652A4B6BF472A6B7943811558D1F6A">
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<mods:date id="D599634F20E53A3526DF177034E84B19">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B90FC730BDB3A88BB84F2CC203BD1F40" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="955515D8052375894439C1C381B422F7">2449</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C98973E04A2C541F9A32E34150EF9018" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.195134</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B3B1BDB01E4ADE6FD504216CA4C67132" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D6D9EAB2292A3A516B817D2A6BD255D" type="Zenodo-Dep">195134</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="30710A41161EFFFBFF2A2752EAD8D22B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:30710A41161EFFFBFF2A2752EAD8D22B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30710A41161EFFFBFF2A2752EAD8D22B" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF2A2752EF13D40E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF2A2752ED52D463" blockId="37.[151,838,525,586]" box="[151,838,525,551]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="E32F0C3B161EFFFBFF2A2752ED52D463" bold="true" box="[151,838,525,551]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D4161EFFFBFF2A2752ED52D463" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,838,525,551]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis" subGenus="Semperothuria">
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF2A2752ED52D463" bold="true" box="[151,838,525,551]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF2A2752EC82D463" bold="true" box="[151,662,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A6161EFFFBFD202752ED52D463" author="Ludwig" box="[669,838,525,551]" pageId="37" pageNumber="46" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-zootomisches Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF2A276FEF13D40E" blockId="37.[151,838,525,586]" box="[151,263,560,586]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="20E3A7D2161EFFFBFF2A276FEF13D40E" box="[151,263,560,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,1224,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[166,1420,1191,1868]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 31. Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875. A, whole animal; B, C, D, tables in lateral and top view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195165/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 31</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF2A2725EB0CD4D5" box="[151,1304,634,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF2A2725EB0CD4D5" blockId="37.[151,1304,634,657]" box="[151,1304,634,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="98C89C79161EFFFBFF2A2725EB0CD4D5" box="[151,1304,634,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="7FD8C0D4161EFFFBFF2A2725EC43D4D5" box="[151,599,634,657]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis" subGenus="Semperothuria">
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF2A2725EC43D4D5" box="[151,599,634,657]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="39799D46161EFFFBFDC82725ED63D4D5" author="Hendler" box="[629,887,634,657]" page="294" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A6161EFFFBFDC82725ED57D4D5" author="Hendler" box="[629,835,634,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="46" refString="Hendler, G., J. E. Miller, D. L. Pawson & P. M. Kier (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. xi + 390 pages." type="book" year="1995">
|
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Hendler
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFD692725ED1ED4D5" box="[724,778,634,657]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 294
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 166, 185D,E,F;
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<treatmentCitation id="39799D46161EFFFBFBE12725EB00D4D5" author="Cutress" box="[1116,1300,634,657]" page="70" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="DC49C6A6161EFFFBFBE12725EAFFD4D5" author="Cutress" box="[1116,1259,634,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="46" refString="Cutress, B. M., (1996) Changes in dermal ossicles during somatic growth in Caribbean littoral sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (1), 51 - 55." type="journal article" year="1996">Cutress 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 70
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF2A27E5EECDD52E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF2A27E5EECDD52E" blockId="37.[151,1437,698,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF2A27E5EF9ED490" bold="true" box="[151,394,698,724]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFE2C27E5EFFDD490" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[401,489,698,724]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
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16640, S.C., Charleston, March, 1880, 2.
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFC7627E5EA37D490" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[971,1059,698,724]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
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16689, S.C., Blackfish Bank, off Charleston,
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<date id="CC669D97161EFFFBFE9427BFEFABD4BE" box="[297,447,736,762]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1880-03">March 1880</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFE7627BFEC35D4BE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[459,545,736,762]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
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<accessionNumber id="A78B26B4161EFFFBFD9427BFEC9DD4BE" box="[553,649,736,762]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E29353" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="EnaNcbi">E29353</accessionNumber>
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, off
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<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC7161EFFFBFD7C27BFED30D4BE" box="[705,804,736,762]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD90161EFFFBFC8C27BFEDD2D4BE" box="[817,966,736,762]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="15" value="31.685">31°41’06”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD90161EFFFBFC6927BFEA61D4BE" box="[980,1141,736,762]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="15" value="-80.34334">80°20’ 36”W</geoCoordinate>
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, R/VOregon, Sta MS02,
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<date id="CC669D97161EFFFBFF2A265AEF5CD55B" box="[151,328,773,799]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1981-03-09">March 9, 1981</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="AEDE70DE161EFFFBFEE8265AEF85D55B" box="[341,401,773,799]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">
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.
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</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFE24265AEFFAD55B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[409,494,773,799]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
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E32248, off
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<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC7161EFFFBFD31265AECFAD55B" box="[652,750,773,799]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD90161EFFFBFD46265AED99D55B" box="[763,909,773,799]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="15" value="31.681665">31°40’54”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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, R/VOregon, Sta MS02,
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<date id="CC669D97161EFFFBFAE0265AEF12D500" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1981-04-29">April 29, 1981</date>
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,
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.
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</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFEE52675EFA0D500" box="[344,436,810,836]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">SERTC</collectionCode>
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2205, off Ferry Island,
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||
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC7161EFFFBFD662675ED59D500" box="[731,845,810,836]" name="Bermuda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD90161EFFFBFCE72675EDC2D500" box="[858,982,810,836]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="92" value="32.363335">32º21.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDECDD90161EFFFBFC5E2675EA77D500" box="[995,1123,810,836]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="92" value="-64.71333">64º42.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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, coll.
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<collectionCode id="DEC92392161EFFFBFB132675EAE5D500" box="[1198,1265,810,836]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qhn6-m3c1" name="Gaylord Memorial Laboratory Museum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">GML</collectionCode>
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Staff,
|
||
<date id="CC669D97161EFFFBFAF92675EEC1D52E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1972-04-04">April 4 1972</date>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF7B262AEB0CD59E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF7B262AEB0CD59E" blockId="37.[151,1437,698,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF7B262AEF52D5CB" bold="true" box="[198,326,885,911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Large, burrowing form, up to
|
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<quantity id="7F2016B2161EFFFBFD6C262AED28D5CB" box="[721,828,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Color in life light yellow to dark brown. Body cylindrical. Podia few, scattered, papillate dorsally, cylindrical ventrally, Cuvierian organ absent. Ossicles consisting of tables (35–40 μm) with reduced discs, and large flat rods (up to 400 μm), no buttons.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF7B26BAEEA1D20E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF7B26BAEDEAD5BB" blockId="37.[151,1437,698,1135]" box="[198,1022,997,1023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF7B26BAEF73D5BB" bold="true" box="[198,359,997,1023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
SC, E and W FL, Gulf of
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||
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC7161EFFFBFD2126BAECEDD5BB" box="[668,761,997,1023]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C0CFFBC7161EFFFBFC3626BAEDEED5BB" box="[907,1018,997,1023]" name="Bermuda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF7B2155EEA1D20E" blockId="37.[151,1437,698,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF7B2155EF3AD260" bold="true" box="[198,302,1034,1060]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Usually near shore, sand and shell bottoms, shallow flats, beneath rocks, in seagrass beds.
|
||
<quantity id="7F2016B2161EFFFBFADC2155EEA5D20E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount id="AEDE70DE161EFFFBFAC22155EEA5D20E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">42 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F0C2E8DC161EFFFBFF7B210AEAD8D22B" box="[198,1228,1109,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B867BB57161EFFFBFF7B210AEAD8D22B" blockId="37.[151,1437,698,1135]" box="[198,1228,1109,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
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<emphasis id="8AAC6745161EFFFBFF7B210AEF54D22B" bold="true" box="[198,320,1109,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This thin-skinned species can be extremely common in its preferred habitats.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |