105 lines
10 KiB
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105 lines
10 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517" ID-PMC="PMC4109472" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-91" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" ID-PubMed="25061381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578387" ID-ZooBank="4DB3DA2D21B14D269544B4008028D304" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-91" checkinTime="1451245675936" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schmidt, B. Christian & Anweiler, Gary G." docDate="2014" docId="2BFF205E42115E918BAA96370CE26F06" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 91-113" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docPubDate="2014-06-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517" docTitle="Raphia frater subsp. elbea Smith 2014, stat. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Huebner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1668158807944" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Huebner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K. W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum, 218 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T 6 G 2 E 9</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>421</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>91</mods:start>
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<mods:end>113</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-421-91</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4DB3DA2D21B14D269544B4008028D304</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578387</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="systematics">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BFF205E42115E918BAA96370CE26F06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BFF205E42115E918BAA96370CE26F06" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2BFF205E-4211-5E91-8BAA-96370CE26F06" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphia frater subsp. elbea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" status="stat. n." subSpecies="elbea">Raphia frater elbea Smith</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="105">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of Raphia frater subspecies. Circles indicate specimens examined during this study: green - subsp. piazzi; pink - subsp. abrupta; black - subsp. frater; blue - subsp. coloradensis; yellow - subsp. cinderella. Multi-coloured circles indicate transitional populations and / or phenotypically intermediate specimens between respective subspecies. a Raphia frater piazzi (Zavallo Co., TX) b Raphia frater abrupta (Oktibeha Co., MS) c Raphia frater abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) d Raphia frater abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) e Raphia frater abrupta (Montgomery Co., MD) f, g Raphia frater frater (Edmunston, NB) h Raphia frater abrupta - frater intermediate (Anne Arundel Co., MD) i Raphia frater abrupta - frater - coloradensis intermediate from highly variable population in Cherry Co., NE j Raphia frater coloradensis (Alamosa Co., CO) k Raphia frater coloradensis (Milk River valley, AB) l Raphia frater coloradensis (Sanpete Co., UT) m Raphia frater coloradensis (Elko Co., NV) n Raphia frater cinderella (Ventura Co., CA) o, p Raphia frater coloradensis - frater intermediates (Chelan Co., WA) q Raphia frater elbea (Cochise Co., AZ) r Raphia frater elbea (San Juan Co., UT) s Raphia frater elbea (Santa Cruz Co., AZ). All specimens are males." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30255" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Figs 1q-s</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia frater subspecies (circles) relative to range of Populus species (coloured shading) in western North America. Half-circles represent transitional populations and / or phenotypically intermediate specimens. Ranges for Populus trichocarpa + Populus balsamifera and Populus angustifolia + Populus deltoides are combined, with both Populus balsamifera and Populus deltoides occuring in Alberta - Montana (upper right). Populus ranges adapted from USGS (2013)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30257" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elbea" status="stat. n.">Raphia elbea</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1908
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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A male lectotype was designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 228" refId="B45" refString="Todd, EL, 1982. The noctuid type material of J. B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1645: 1 - 228" title="The noctuid type material of J. B. Smith (Lepidoptera)." volume="1645" year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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[AMNH]. Type locality: Deming, [Luna Co.,], New Mexico [USA].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis and description">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" subSpecies="elbea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="106" start="start">Raphia</pageBreakToken>
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frater elbea
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to the pale yellowish-ochre forms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Putnam-Cramer" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" subSpecies="coloradensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">Raphia frater coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but differ from that subspecies in having both the costal and reniform dark patches more prominent; when present, the black medio-anal patch is also darker and more elongate; additionally,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" subSpecies="elbea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">Raphia frater elbea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to exhibit a unique, divergent mtDNA haplotype group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="106" type="biology and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="106">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="106">
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This subspecies occurs from southeastern Utah and western New Mexico southward through Arizona into northern Mexico. In southeastern Arizona it occurs in riparian areas in association with the larval host,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Salicales" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fremonti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">Populus fremonti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Flight records are from February to October, with most being from March to May and August to September, indicating at least two generations annually.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |