162 lines
25 KiB
XML
162 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="BC4132EACCC1DC05AFE41F7DE5D97825" ID-CLB-Dataset="27942" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4524.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e465c652-c873-486b-97f6-e4a6af137206" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610252" ID-ZooBank="8BCDFFAB-6070-4C01-AFC6-C39BB9080130" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624798594" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nielsen, Gregory J. & Kaminski, Lucas A." docDate="2018" docId="2B0F87993C1B171FE09FFEA7FDB1B994" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4524.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4524 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucochimona lagora Herrich-Schäffer 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="D736FFE13C0A170EE008FC0FFC3EBE1C" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698713846793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4A907BAFD35E9C07AB25F648B5653BC6">Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="027799214B9D7ABA0FAD62D746C81568">Nielsen, Gregory J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67C6BF6A3BA32345676CDDE589271E31">Kaminski, Lucas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="58C0604E67ABC86C8648E44143F58136">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="54B07DF9D4D10591E11884D85F5D9E03">
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<mods:date id="1910EA69FE21549783BF8A6E8791DC60">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB4741D0DD09EE34B8D34DF1EF828795">2018-11-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F8362D5D14F1C4F2991E149C835FE324">4524</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="16F494251E67D3488517D2A69D506041" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4524.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B0F87993C1B171FE09FFEA7FDB1B994" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B0F87993C1B171FE09FFEA7FDB1B994" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B0F87993C1B171FE09FFEA7FDB1B994" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="EBBC65043C1B171FE09FFEA7FD5FBA34" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE09FFEA7FED3BCDF" blockId="17.[151,749,680,707]" box="[151,749,680,707]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="F85181E33C1B171FE09FFEA7FED3BCDF" bold="true" box="[151,749,680,707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE09FFEA7FED3BCDF" bold="true" box="[151,749,680,707]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="64A64D0C3C1B171FE09FFEA7FD9FBCDE" ID-CoL="6Q5MK" authorityName="Herrich-Schäffer" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,417,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Leucochimona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagora">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE09FFEA7FD9FBCDE" bold="true" box="[151,417,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Leucochimona lagora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Herrich-Schäffer, [1853])
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE09FFEE0FD5FBA34" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE09FFEE0FD66BD14" bold="true" box="[151,344,751,776]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Adults were never observed openly perching as the three preceding species of
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<taxonomicName id="64A64D0C3C1B171FE4F8FEFEF950BD14" box="[1264,1390,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Mesosemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE4F8FEFEF950BD14" box="[1264,1390,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesosemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but only making short flights and alighting on the underside of leaves. Females were observed occasionally flying around host plants and ovipositing during the late morning hours. Eggs were laid singly on the underside of a mature host plant leaf. Larvae cut a circle around the micropylar area to leave the egg. First and second instars fed on the adaxial leaf surface cutting channels and leaving little windows of the upper leaf epidermis intact (
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE533FF70F9AEBD84" box="[1339,1424,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
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). Three host plants were recorded:
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<taxonomicName id="64A64D0C3C1B171FE22CFFAAFE8BBDA1" box="[548,693,932,957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="caerulea">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE22CFFAAFE8BBDA1" box="[548,693,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ps. caerulea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="64A64D0C3C1B171FE2C0FFABFF9EBDA1" box="[712,928,932,957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="deflexa">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE2C0FFABFF9EBDA1" box="[712,928,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Palicourea deflexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(DC) Borhidi and
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<taxonomicName id="64A64D0C3C1B171FE48FFFAAF918BDA0" authorityName="Borhidi. Gallard" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Aubl." box="[1159,1318,933,956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE48FFFAAF918BDA0" box="[1159,1318,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pa. racemosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Pupation occurred on the host plant on stems or leaves. Two color morphs were observed: a dark form with dark brown wing pads (n = 3), and a light form with white wing pads and brown margins (n = 3). Development from egg to adult averaged 39 days.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBBC65043C1B171FE0CFF83BFDB1B994" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF83BF86DBA88" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF83BFE42BA51" bold="true" box="[199,636,1076,1101]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description of immature stages. Egg</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE285F83BFF28BA50" box="[653,790,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 93–94</figureCitation>
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). Embryonic development 9 days (n = 2). Diameter
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE563F83BFCFDBA73" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.51">0.51 mm</quantity>
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(n = 5). Pale yellow-cream when freshly laid, spherical with a flat bottom and a pattern of small hexagons cells armed with small spines on the rib intersections. Micropylar area centered on the top.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF890F9ACBB1C" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF890FD71BAA4" bold="true" box="[199,335,1183,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">First instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE157F890FD8CBAA4" box="[351,434,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
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). Duration 3–4 days (n = 5). Head capsule width
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE3E3F890F8B5BAAB" box="[1003,1163,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.26">0.26-0.28 mm</quantity>
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(n = 5). Newly hatched larvae are approximately
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE1B1F8CBFE2DBAC0" box="[441,531,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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, maximum length
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE2E1F8CBFF10BAC0" box="[745,814,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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. Head capsule light tan, stemmata black; body whitish and dorsally green from the intestinal content. Dorsal setae on each segment dark brown; the lateral setae whitish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF903F88DBB54" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF903FD54BB39" bold="true" box="[199,362,1292,1317]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Second instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE171F903FDF5BB39" box="[377,459,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
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). Duration 3 days (n = 2). Head capsule width
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE3D5F903F87DBB38" box="[989,1091,1292,1317]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
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, maximum body length
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE55CF903F9A7BB38" box="[1364,1433,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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. Color pattern and morphology similar to first instar, but with more numerous and larger setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF95BFFA0BB8C" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF95BFD61BB71" bold="true" box="[199,351,1364,1389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Third instar.</emphasis>
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Duration 3 days (n = 2). Head capsule width
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE368F95BFFF8BB70" box="[864,966,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.84">0.84 mm</quantity>
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, maximum body length
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE4DFF95BF922BB70" box="[1239,1308,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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. Head light tan, body greenish with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF993F8EDBBC4" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF993FD59BBA9" bold="true" box="[199,359,1436,1461]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fourth instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE17EF993FDF9BBA8" box="[374,455,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
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). Duration 4 days (n = 5). Head capsule width
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE3D9F993F808BBA8" box="[977,1078,1436,1461]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
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, maximum length
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<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE50EF993F969BBA8" box="[1286,1367,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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. Head light tan; body medium green with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally; spiracles white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFF9EBFE8EB874" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFF9EBFDA6BBE1" bold="true" box="[199,408,1508,1533]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fifth (last) instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE1A1F9EBFE7FBBE0" box="[425,577,1508,1533]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 98–100</figureCitation>
|
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). Duration 5 days, 3 days feeding and 2 as prepupa (n = 5). Head capsule width
|
||
<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE0D6FA07FD09B83C" box="[222,311,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, light green, stemmata black. Maximum body length
|
||
<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE39AFA07FFDAB83C" box="[914,996,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorso yellowish-green during feeding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE097FA23FCCDB858" box="[159,243,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
|
||
), prepupa turning darker green with white spots and a rosy coloration on the lateral lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE4E7FA23F97AB858" box="[1263,1348,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
|
||
). TNOs are a contrasting lighter green on A8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE249FA40FE9DB874" box="[577,675,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A319368F3C1B171FE0CFFA7BFDB1B994" blockId="17.[151,1437,751,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="91D2EA9D3C1B171FE0CFFA7BFD3BB891" bold="true" box="[199,261,1652,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE11BFA7BFD8BB890" box="[275,437,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 101–104</figureCitation>
|
||
). Duration 11–12 days (n = 5). Length
|
||
<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE360FA7BF834B890" box="[872,1034,1652,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.26" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="11.6" valueMax="12.6" valueMin="10.6">10.6–12.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 7), width at A2 =
|
||
<quantity id="645E9B6A3C1B171FE500FA7BF95FB890" box="[1288,1377,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Two color morphs were observed. Two days after pupation the wing pads turned from green to either white or dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B9D2A0A3C1B171FE0E5FAB3FDACB8C8" box="[237,402,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–104" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,183,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[156,1430,183,1629]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610274/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 101–102</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body color green. Anterior edge of prothorax medium brown followed by a white irregular band. Mesothorax with a pair of reddish brown tubercles. Metathorax with a pair of anterior dark brown spots. A2 crested, anterior green, crest gold-brown. Spiracle of A2 raised and slit-shaped. On A4–A8, lateral area below spiracles black; spiracles white. Segments A9 to A10 red brownish dorsally. Short upright setae on thoracic segments, pointing posteriorly on abdomen. Longer setae on A2 crest and T2 tubercles. Eyes setose. Silk girdle passes over A1 or A2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |