225 lines
18 KiB
XML
225 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.161.2016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f159f91c-20c8-43ce-8294-bfcb4e46d3dd" ID-PMC="PMC3267475" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-161-1" ID-PubMed="22303122" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-161-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 161" ModsDocTitle="Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini)" checkinTime="1451249415532" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="288850A19BDD584F6CA8B9FBFE0ECF89" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 161: 1-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 161" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.161.2016" docTitle="Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) bifurcatum Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFECE426FFFF1A2FFFB5FFD73802FFA7" masterDocTitle="Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini)" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668153118762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>161</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>101</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.161.2016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.161.2016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-161-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032902" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4EA5F0F3-54A0-4A71-A7EB-113C061B3BC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/288850A19BDD584F6CA8B9FBFE0ECF89" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4EA5F0F3-54A0-4A71-A7EB-113C061B3BC7" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Allotrichoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) bifurcatum" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatum" subGenus="Allotrichoma">Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) bifurcatum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 914
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small shore flies, body length 1.35-1.85 mm. Head: Medial facial carina above facial prominence shallow; labella broad, fleshy, shorter than mediproboscis; clypeus microtomentose, usually gray.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Thorax: Presutural supra-alar seta present. Wing with costal vein ratio 0.27-0.29; M vein ratio 0.47-0.50.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Abdomen: Male 5th sternal flap in lateral view (Fig. 12) much longer than wide, truncate apically, bearing numerous, apical setae; 5th medial process in lateral view (Fig. 12) elongate, bar-like, bearing 4-5 apical setulae. Male terminalia (Figs 9-11, 13): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 9) like an inverted U with short, apical medial flanges ventrally; epandrium in lateral view (Fig. 10) simple, bar-like, height more than twice width; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 9) pointed, nipple-like dorsally, first
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">gradually</pageBreakToken>
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broadened ventrally then rather abruptly curved laterally than medioventrally, generally gradually tapered, although medioventral portion almost parallel sided, dorsal and lateral portion bearing numerous setulae, most of medioventral portion bare except for 3 setulae at apex; cercus in lateral view (Fig. 10) very shallowly curved anteriorly, wider dorsally, ventral half slightly tapered, nearly parallel sided, apex not abruptly broadened and bearing 3 setulae, these setulae about same length as setulae on dorsal portions; surstylus a ventral extension from ventral margin of epandrium, becoming slightly wider apically and bifurcate, anterior process bearing several setulae anteriorly, posterior process bearing a single setula; aedeagus in ventral view (Fig. 11) elongate, narrowly ovate, slightly tapered apically, in lateral view (Fig. 13) elongate, nearly straight; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 13) triangular, keel shorter than length, pointed; gonite in ventral view (Fig. 11) somewhat bar-like, lateral margins sinuous, wider basally, apex with a short, nipple-like process medially that bears a single, short setula, also a subapical, setula; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 13) wide basally, shallowly C-curved apically, tapered to apical point, with a subapical, nipple-like process, and apical portion narrow, elongate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The holotype male is labeled "USA. UTAH. Utah: Lake Shore (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.115">40°06.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.69666">111°41.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1370 m), 11 May 2007, D.&W.N.Mathis/HOLOTYPE ♂
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Allotrichoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allotrichoma bifurcatum" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatum">Allotrichoma bifurcatum</taxonomicName>
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W. Mathis & T. Zatwarnicki USNM [red]/USNM ENT 00117956 [plastic bar code label]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a block of plastic elastomer), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM. Eighteen male paratypes bear the same locality label data as the holotype. Other paratypes are as follows: UTAH. Salt Lake: Butterfield Canyon (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.486668">40°29.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-112.136665">112°08.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1890 m), 14 May-13 Aug 2007, 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 1♀; USNM). Utah: Thistle (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.006668">40°0.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.495">111°29.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1530 m), 11 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (7♂, 2♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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United States. Utah. Utah: Lake Shore (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.115">40°06.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.69666">111°41.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1370 m).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="other specimens examined from the new world">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other specimens examined from the New World.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Wasa Lake (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="49.793335">49°47.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-115.738335">115°44.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 17 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂, 3♀; CAS).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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UNITED STATES. IDAHO. Boundary: Dawson Lake (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="48.771667">48°46.3'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-116.238335">116°14.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 885 m), 3 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (2♂, 1♀; USNM); Solomon Lake (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="48.793335">48°47.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-116.10167">116°06.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 825 m), 3 Jun 2006, W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (3♂; TZ, USNM). Latah: Bear Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.63">46°37.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-116.53333">116°32'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Aug 1990, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); Big Meadow Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.733334">46°44'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-116.75833">116°45.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 31 Jul 1979, R. S. Zack (5♂; WSU); Helmer (1.6 km W; Little Boulder Creek;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.8">46°48'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-116.48333">116°29'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Aug 1990, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); Moscow (9.5 km N,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.75">46°45'N</geoCoordinate>
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, 117°W), 22 May 1971, W. J. Turner (1♂; WSU). Nez Perce: Lake Waha (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.206665">46°12.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-116.835">116°50.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 9 Jun 1918, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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OREGON. Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="44.82">44°49.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-117.463165">117°27.79'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 825 m), 7 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (3♂; TZ, USNM); Lower Goose Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="44.82">44°49.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-117.463165">117°27.79'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1220 m), 25 Jul 1976, E. J. Davis (1♂; WSU). Deschutes: Tumalo Reservoir (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="44.14">44°08.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-121.415">121°24.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 23 Jun 1954, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; KU).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">UTAH</pageBreakToken>
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. Cache: Hyde Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="41.798332">41°47.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.81834">111°49.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 Jul 1935, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; KU); Wellsville Canyon (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="41.603333">41°36.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.945">111°56.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Jun 1954, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; KU). Carbon: Deadman Canyon (16 km NE Price;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="39.695">39°41.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-110.73333">110°44'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 2055 m), 14 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Salt Lake: Butterfield Canyon (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.486668">40°29.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-112.136665">112°08.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1890 m), 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="May–">May-</normalizedToken>
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13 Aug 2007, 2008, D. and W.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">N</pageBreakToken>
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. Mathis (7♂, 1♀; USNM); Draper (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.52667">40°31.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.918335">111°55.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; Jordan River; 1320 m), 10 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). Utah: Lake Shore (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.115">40°06.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.69666">111°41.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1370 m), 11 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (19♂; USNM); Provo Canyon, Sundance (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.385">40°23.1'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.581665">111°34.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 20 Jul 2001, I. Winkler (1♂; BYU); Thistle (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="40.006668">40°0.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-111.495">111°29.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1530 m), 11 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (7♂, 2♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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WASHINGTON. Columbia: Dayton, Curl Lake, Tucannon River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.253334">46°15.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-117.67167">117°40.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 17 Jul 2009, D. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Okanogan: Little Goose Lake (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="48.275">48°16.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-119.51667">119°31'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 22 Jul 1983, R. D. Akre, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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(Fig. 14)
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nearctic" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Nearctic" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nearctic</taxonomicName>
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: Canada (British Columbia), United States (Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">The species epithet, bifurcatum, is of Latin derivation and refers to the bifurcate apex of the surstylus of this species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">The distribution of this species is somewhat related to the Great Basin in western North America, where current climatic conditions are semiarid, although there is a northern extension into northern Idaho and British Columbia. Better sampling may reveal this species to be more widespread.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Figures 9-13. Illustration of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Allotrichoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allotrichoma bifurcatum" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatum">Allotrichoma bifurcatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (male) 9 epandrium, cerci, surstylus, posterior aspect 10 same, lateral aspect 11 aedeagus, phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium, ventral aspect 12 male 5th sternal flap and medial process, lateral aspect 13 aedeagus, phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Figure 14. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Allotrichoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allotrichoma bifurcatum" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatum">Allotrichoma bifurcatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |