treatments-xml/data/28/2F/AA/282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a62873a2-c4e1-4c6d-9baa-5c5fb94e7348" ID-PMC="PMC7329918" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-151-107" ID-Pensoft-UUID="42D1EB2DF0545744B92BFCCCB395C45B" ID-PubMed="32655282" ModsDocID="1314-2003-151-107" checkinTime="1593036331120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sylvester, Steven P., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Bravo-Pedraza, William J. &amp; Soreng, Robert J." docDate="2020" docId="282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 151: 107-160" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 151" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538" docTitle="Podagrostis trichodes (Kunth) Sylvester &amp; Soreng, PhytoKeys 148: 42. 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="42D1EB2DF0545744B92BFCCCB395C45B" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="42D1EB2DF0545744B92BFCCCB395C45B" masterDocTitle="Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1668139837814" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Agrostis and Podagrostis (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from paramos of Boyaca, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sylvester, Steven P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-8782</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">steven_sylvester@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Grupo Sistematica Biologica, Herbario UPTC, Escuela de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39 - 115, Tunja-Boyaca, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bravo-Pedraza, William J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Grupo Sistematica Biologica, Herbario UPTC, Escuela de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39 - 115, Tunja-Boyaca, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Soreng, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-4915</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>151</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>107</mods:start>
<mods:end>160</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-151-107</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">42D1EB2DF0545744B92BFCCCB395C45B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164730842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/282FAA038E1D5D69B3DAC5222B548A4B" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName LSID="282FAA03-8E1D-5D69-B3DA-C5222B548A4B" authority="(Kunth) Sylvester &amp; Soreng, PhytoKeys 148: 42. 2020" authorityName="(Kunth) Sylvester &amp; Soreng, PhytoKeys 148: 42." authorityYear="2020" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podagrostis trichodes" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichodes">Podagrostis trichodes (Kunth) Sylvester &amp; Soreng, PhytoKeys 148: 42. 2020</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Podagrostis trichodes A spikelet, lateral view with floret detached and raised above the glumes, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow B floret, lateral view, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow C whole plant. Images: A, B Rodriguez (UPTC 22204), C Cuta-Alarcon 362 (FMB)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/424849" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vilfa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vilfa trichodes" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichodes">Vilfa trichodes</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 139. 1816.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis trichodes" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichodes">Agrostis trichodes</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. (ed. 15 bis) 2: 361. 1817.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aira trichodes" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichodes">Aira trichodes</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 276. 1824.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1910" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis bogotensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bogotensis">Agrostis bogotensis</taxonomicName>
Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 518. 1910. Type: Colombia. S. Cristobal prope Bogota [
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
de Bogota], [2500-3000 m alt.], 13 July 1908, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">F. Apolliniaire s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: W (W19160027256 [image!]); isotypes: BM (BM000938528 [image!]), MPU (MPU027104 [image!]), SI (SI000495 [image!] fragm. ex US), US (US75365 fragm.)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
Peru. Crescit in crepidinibus Andium Peruvianum justa Montan, Santa Cruz et Guambos, alt. 1350 hexap. [2469 m alt.], floret Augusto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P; isotypes: HAL (HAL0106929 [image!]), US (US75364! fragm. ex P)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Perennial herbs</emphasis>
, forming short dense tufts, with the basal mats reaching c. 4-11 cm tall and inflorescences well-exerted from the basal foliage. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Tillers</emphasis>
intravaginal, without cataphylls. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Culms</emphasis>
7-20(-30) cm tall, erect, simple, delicate, with 0(-1) nodes exerted at flowering, smooth. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Leaves</emphasis>
mostly basal, glabrous, finely to densely scabrous; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">ligules</emphasis>
0.7-1.7(-2.5) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers 0.7-1.2 mm long, of upper culm leaves generally longer, truncate to obtuse, slightly to usually strongly decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface smooth or rarely scaberulous; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">blades</emphasis>
1-4 cm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide in diameter, involute or convolute, acicular to capillaceous and filiform, usually curved, rigid, apices acute. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Panicles</emphasis>
2-5(-6) cm long, 1-2(-3) cm wide, lax and open, ovoid, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches with spikelets in the distal 1/3, the lower 2/3 naked, long, ascending to patent, not held close to the central inflorescence axis, central axis and panicle branches usually scaberulous or sometimes smooth; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">pedicels</emphasis>
1-2 mm long, usually longer than the length of the spikelets, not or slightly dilated at their apex, smooth to usually lightly scabrous. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Spikelets</emphasis>
1-1.5 mm long; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">glumes</emphasis>
equal or subequal, the lower often slightly longer than the upper, 1-veined, keels scabrous just in the distal 1/3 to throughout their length, surfaces smooth a scabrous distally, apices obtuse to acute; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">floret</emphasis>
almost equaling the length of the glumes or slightly shorter; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">calluses</emphasis>
glabrous; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">lemmas</emphasis>
1-1.5 mm long, glabrous, moderately to densely scabrous (
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘smooth’">'smooth'</normalizedToken>
possibly mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Ruizia" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 480" refId="B39" refString="Tovar, O, 1993. Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru. Ruizia 13: 1 - 480" title="Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru." volume="13" year="1993">Tovar 1993</bibRefCitation>
!), sometimes granulose, apex obtuse, faintly to strongly 5-veined, awn lacking or to 0.5 mm long, straight, inserted medially or in the upper half of the lemma, not surpassing the glumes; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">paleas</emphasis>
(0.7-)0.9-1.3 mm long, usually reaching from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
to subequaling the lemma, less often reaching 2/3 the length of the lemma; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">rachilla</emphasis>
usually prolonged from the base of the floret (sometimes lacking in a small number of spikelets within the inflorescence), 0.2-0.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth to scabrous; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">anthers</emphasis>
0.4-1 mm long.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/424849" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podagrostis trichodes" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichodes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Podagrostis trichodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
spikelet, lateral view with floret detached and raised above the glumes, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
floret, lateral view, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
whole plant. Images: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
(UPTC 22204), 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
Cuta-Alarcon 362 (FMB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
Colombia, Ecuador?, Peru, Venezuela, 2800-4500 m alt. Relatively humid high-Andean puna grasslands of southern and central Peru and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
grasslands of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. May also occur in Bolivia according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Ruizia" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 480" refId="B39" refString="Tovar, O, 1993. Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru. Ruizia 13: 1 - 480" title="Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru." volume="13" year="1993">Tovar (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, although no specimens have been verified. No specimens have been verified from Ecuador, although it is mentioned to occur there (
<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="291 - 556" refId="B14" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1927. The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24 (8): 291 - 556" title="The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia." volume="24" year="1927">Hitchcock 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Ruizia" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 480" refId="B39" refString="Tovar, O, 1993. Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru. Ruizia 13: 1 - 480" title="Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru." volume="13" year="1993">Tovar 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jorgensen, PM" journalOrPublisher="AAU Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 443" refId="B18" refString="Jorgensen, PM, Ulloa-Ulloa, C, 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador: A checklist. AAU Reports 34: 1 - 443" title="Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador: A checklist." volume="34" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
and Ulloa-Ulloa 1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jorgensen, PM" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 1181" refId="B17" refString="Jorgensen, PM, Leon-Yanez, S [Eds], 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 1 - 1181" title="Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador." volume="75" year="1999">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León-Yánez">Leon-Yanez</normalizedToken>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Luteyn, JL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 278" refId="B20" refString="Luteyn, JL, 1999. Paramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 84: 1 - 278" title="Paramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature." volume="84" year="1999">Luteyn 1999</bibRefCitation>
). A common element in moderately grazed areas and path-sides of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacán">Boyacan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
See 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" author="Sylvester, SP" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="21 - 50" refId="B37" refString="Sylvester, SP, Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Bravo-Pedraza, WJ, Cuta-Alarcon, LE, Soreng, RJ, 2020. New combinations and updated descriptions in Podagrostis (Agrostidinae: Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico. PhytoKeys 148: 21 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" title="New combinations and updated descriptions in Podagrostis (Agrostidinae: Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" volume="148" year="2020">Sylvester et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
The combination of open panicle, spikelets &lt;1.5 mm long, florets which subequal the apex of the glumes, a palea reaching from (2/3) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
to subequaling the lemma, lemmas awnless or with a short (&lt;0.5 mm long) straight awn inserted in the upper 
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of the lemma, and a short glabrous rachilla prolongation emerging from under the palea are diagnostic for this species. The rachilla prolongation (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Podagrostis trichodes A spikelet, lateral view with floret detached and raised above the glumes, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow B floret, lateral view, rachilla prolongation indicated by an arrow C whole plant. Images: A, B Rodriguez (UPTC 22204), C Cuta-Alarcon 362 (FMB)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/424849" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">11</figureCitation>
, indicated by arrows) is sometimes difficult to see if it is tucked between the flanges of the palea, and so spikelet dissection is necessary. All species of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podagrostis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Podagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Colombia have involute or convolute leaf blades that can easily separate them from species of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Agrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with well-developed paleas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
Aside from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sylvester &amp; Soreng" authorityYear="2020" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podagrostis bacillata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bacillata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Podagrostis bacillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hack.) Sylvester &amp; Soreng and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. exserta" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="exserta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">P. exserta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Swallen) Sylvester &amp; Soreng that are found in Central America (see 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" author="Sylvester, SP" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="21 - 50" refId="B37" refString="Sylvester, SP, Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Bravo-Pedraza, WJ, Cuta-Alarcon, LE, Soreng, RJ, 2020. New combinations and updated descriptions in Podagrostis (Agrostidinae: Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico. PhytoKeys 148: 21 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" title="New combinations and updated descriptions in Podagrostis (Agrostidinae: Poaceae) from the Neotropics and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.50042" volume="148" year="2020">Sylvester et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trichodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="trichodes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">P. trichodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could possibly be mistaken for shorter plants of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perennans" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="perennans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A. perennans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which can have short spikelets as small as 1.8 mm long. 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis perennans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perennans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Agrostis perennans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.l. has florets which usually do not reach past 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
the length of the glumes, a minute palea less than 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
the length of the lemma, and lacks a rachilla prolongation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>