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<document id="80DCC27A833120EF5DBE15BEF620F024" ID-CLB-Dataset="305499" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a17" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fc26efa-4ffb-4993-bf58-7fb38916b793" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11387624" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C0E27E25-6719-40FD-A2B8-829B484D6C13" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1732639101882" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Blake, Daniel B. &amp; Lefebvre, Bertrand" docDate="2024" docId="267CF0017935FFFCA734FE059E2AF84A" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.23.17.217-239.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (17)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="DA458879793CFFF5A662FFF29C26FFA1" masterDocTitle="Ordovician Petraster Billings, 1858 (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) and early asteroid skeletal differentiation" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="224" updateTime="1734637752356" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F43251AF2542D355E2C0308F2718872C">Ordovician Petraster Billings, 1858 (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) and early asteroid skeletal differentiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9BB87DA46D01C504EC234A994F16A49">Blake, Daniel B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C619432BB0D91EC9E52365DF06AFDA1">Departement of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change, University of Illinois, 3081 NHB, 1301 West Green Street, 61801 Urbana, IL (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3DF922E2834C6B0E3EAC91B7F14EB841">Lefebvre, Bertrand</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F265526B8234583573C0241EDD7C0C60">Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre, F- 69622 Villeurbanne (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="37854D478A9FBE20D3B3EF977B6C1C05" type="email">bertrand.lefebvre@univ-lyon1.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="267CF0017935FFFCA734FE059E2AF84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14232125" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247601103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14232125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:267CF0017935FFFCA734FE059E2AF84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/267CF0017935FFFCA734FE059E2AF84A" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" scope_class="Asteroidea" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA734FE059E10FDB0" authority="Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016" authorityName="Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre" authorityYear="2016" box="[342,566,503,529]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crozonensis">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA734FE059E10FDB0" bold="true" box="[342,566,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Petraster crozonensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CA443CE67935FFFCA763FDE59EACFD91" author="BLAKE D. B. &amp; GUENSBURG T. E. &amp; LEFEBVRE B." box="[257,650,534,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="161 - 181" refId="ref15073" refString="BLAKE D. B., GUENSBURG T. E. &amp; LEFEBVRE B. 2016. - New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States. Annales de Paleontologie 102 (3): 161 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2016.08.002" type="journal article" year="2016">Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA7FCFDC59DCBFDF0" blockId="9.[257,650,503,593]" box="[414,493,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
(
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA7C5FDC49DC2FDF0" box="[423,484,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA6E6FD829F24FD26" authority="Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016: 169" authorityName="Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="2016" box="[132,770,623,648]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crozonensis">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6E6FD829D6DFD26" box="[132,331,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Petraster crozonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CA443CE67935FFFCA731FD9D9F24FD26" author="BLAKE D. B. &amp; GUENSBURG T. E. &amp; LEFEBVRE B." box="[339,770,623,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="161 - 181" refId="ref15073" refString="BLAKE D. B., GUENSBURG T. E. &amp; LEFEBVRE B. 2016. - New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States. Annales de Paleontologie 102 (3): 161 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2016.08.002" type="journal article" year="2016">Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016: 169</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 6.1-6.9, 7.1, 7.2. —
<bibRefCitation id="CA443CE67935FFFCA71AFD789DC1FD03" author="BLAKE D. B." box="[376,487,650,674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref14512" refString="BLAKE D. B. 2018. - A history of the Paleozoic Asteroidea (Echinodermata). Bulletins of American Paleontology 394: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2018">Blake 2018</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, fig. 16; pl. 5, figs 3, 4.
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</paragraph>
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. — Aboral ossicles proportionately robust, uniform, closely fitted, smaller accessories not recognized. Carinals, adradialia recognized. Axillary enlarged, triangular, reaching disk margin. Actinal ossicles few if developed. Axial transverse ridge “J”-shaped.
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. —
<materialsCitation id="1EBD4B4A7935FFFCA71EFCA69DA0FC3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985316304" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
Two incomplete specimens,
<collectionCode id="C8C4D9D27935FFFCA4F2FCA69E9DFCCA" box="[656,699,852,875]" country="Bolivia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15532" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15532" name="Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="Herbarium">LPB</collectionCode>
15174,
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15175, E.N.K. Clarkson collection, Université de
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occidentale, Brest,
<collectingCountry id="D6C201877935FFFCA75CFC7A9DA4FC3E" box="[318,386,904,927]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">France</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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. —
<materialsCitation id="1EBD4B4A7935FFFCA7A5FC4A9ED6FBA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985316307" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
Morgat harbor, Crozon, Finistère,
<collectingCountry id="D6C201877935FFFCA6E1FC209CE1FC48" box="[131,199,978,1001]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">France</collectingCountry>
; Postolonnec Formation, Morgat Member,
<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA410FC209CE0FBA5" family="Desmochitinidae" genus="Linochitina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" rank="species" species="pissotensis">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA410FC209CE0FBA5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Linochitina pissotensis</emphasis>
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chitinozoan Zone, late Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA6E6FBA79CFAFBCF" baseAuthorityName="Spencer &amp; Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[132,220,1109,1134]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6E6FBA79CFAFBCF" box="[132,220,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Petraster</emphasis>
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in which arms are moderately elongate, R reaching at least
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6BAFB879CCEFB2F" box="[216,232,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
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. Aboral series (i.e., all series aboral of inferomarginals) of arms appearing proportionately moderately robust and quite closely abutted; smaller accessories intercalated among larger not recognized. Carinals with bordering adradialia, superomarginals clearly developed, ossicles similar, ovate, thickened; inferomarginals as exposed in aboral aspect appearing enlarged relative to superomarginals; inferomarginals slightly offset from superomarginals. Disk superomarginals thought to be only weakly differentiated, recognition based on differentiation of three ossicle series, including intermarginals (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA6B5FA419D17FA6F" box="[215,305,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA753FA469D1AFA6F" box="[305,316,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°026’37”N, 75°026’9”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">1</figureCitation>
). In oral aspect, inferomarginals robust, closely abutted, approximately equidimensional, ossicular sizes appearing to diminish in size abruptly on arms; form elliptical, bulbous. Axillary triangular, narrowing distally, barely reaching lateral edge of inferomarginals series. Actinal ossicles few and small if present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA6F9F9819F2EF94D" blockId="9.[130,777,1077,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Axials relatively wide, adradial ridge elongate, termini overlapping; transverse ridge broadly “J”-shaped, transverse water-vascular channel well-defined. Adaxials possibly elliptical and transversely elongate; weak nose possibly developed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA6E6F8E19E2AF84A" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA6E6F8E19CF8F88A" blockId="9.[131,775,1811,2028]" box="[132,222,1811,1837]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<smallCapsWord id="A88CD7CB7935FFFCA6E6F8E19CF8F88A" baselines="1830,1830" box="[132,222,1811,1837]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remark" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">REMARK</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA6E6F8C19E2AF84A" blockId="9.[131,775,1811,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA6E6F8C19D73F8ED" authorityName="Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre" authorityYear="2016" box="[132,341,1843,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crozonensis">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6E6F8C19D73F8ED" box="[132,341,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Petraster crozonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA442F8C19EE2F8ED" authorityName="Blake &amp; Lefebvre" authorityYear="2024" box="[544,708,1842,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caidramiensis" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA442F8C19EE2F8ED" box="[544,708,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">P. caidramiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8792207E7935FFFCA4A9F8C19F21F8EC" box="[715,775,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="69D53A947935FFFCA6D0F8A19D0EF8CD" baseAuthorityName="Baily" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[178,296,1874,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinahani">
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6D0F8A19D0EF8CD" box="[178,296,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">P. kinahani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presence of clearly differentiated, aligned, and similar distal carinal, adradial, and superomarginal ossicles; arm intercalated granules absent; axial single, enlarged, triangular, reaching the disk margin; axials rectangular, overlapping, transverse ridge “J”-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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