337 lines
38 KiB
XML
337 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="B58778279040CDCD530A90BD0EE3BBFA" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.668.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14520299" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734553906868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Miller, Steven L., Aime, M. Catherine & Henkel, Terry W." docDate="2024" docId="2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.668.2.117-129.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 668 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Russula pakaraimaeae S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="D821AF27FFFCFF86FFE1FFEEFFDEB050" masterDocTitle="Russulaceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana 5. Two newly described diminutive species in a novel lineage of the crown clade of Russula (Russulaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1734559195190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BAA99F43BDD0EB2310F8167A4A13E651">Russulaceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana 5. Two newly described diminutive species in a novel lineage of the crown clade of Russula (Russulaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="00B4E0DF2A8C68F1B8572508B54202B1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A31D093E1B4B42F0EE4C35990AB0906C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D5346D9E1386AB8EE7080F57AA51CD6">Miller, Steven L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E332415111786B1CDD749719F53F1FE4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9741-0262</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F5D64702423E261BCEA096A7AD09F86">Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01CC1E031AB5EF171D9F5318C4C445E2" type="email">fungi@uwyo.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8EDC0E737F276601116FBBAF3AD92CE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7DBA413D500F4679899E1AFECF34CEE0">Aime, M. Catherine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6D6E75C08E196E8A966FEC26981CFC4" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8742-6685</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6ECFDE167E30C739C367466ACA20A1EF">Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B1DF8BA5189D231CDFE798F817EABEE" type="email">maime@purdue.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="96931081989009115A5DD0D909436435">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7754550EC932A5851A14A3EA43A1A7C4">Henkel, Terry W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F9FD74E432CA65789B89E954F05AA2B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9760-8837</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AF59E07B6732135B8BD6F911EB3A919">Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California 95521, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FE35CB14EECF99C972ADE0E3E47E100B" type="email">terry.henkel@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3824D801C5D0A91A06ED249388B3A066">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B729C6D4EACE753C832CE0B30241E072">
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<mods:date id="2EB5603AE0C23E1E84905C661B4CF2BF">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E48F6304FE93370BA5A22787AB2A31A7">2024-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BA79D57B52EA90281588CDC1E6B6ACB4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="30CEF6DA73220BB536C7C627B7D9590B">668</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="7655406951739B045353C09AF6F4A04E">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A3F4C525343FD8D96C96C3CB4A9DCE15">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="757ECE68EC2DF1944572C4D1FD93D927">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D2ED9A3BF1A940A061CBDF7E31B8533D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.668.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F796D3A7BE53B54F1F3965B702EEC3DC" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="26E8BB68D0A6FBEA55AB6043E21B1F22" type="Zenodo-Dep">14520299</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="E4AB35C2FFFAFF80FF69FB60FE95B49C" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF80FF69FB60FCBBB4F8" blockId="6.[136,869,1166,1193]" box="[136,869,1166,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="F746D125FFFAFF80FF69FB60FCBBB4F8" box="[136,869,1166,1193]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FF69FB60FD6AB4F8" authority="S.L. Mill. & T.W. Henkel" authorityName="S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,692,1166,1193]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakaraimaeae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FF69FB60FE51B4F9" bold="true" box="[136,399,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Russula pakaraimaeae</emphasis>
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S.L. Mill. & T.W. Henkel
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FD5AFB61FCCFB4F9" bold="true" box="[699,785,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="85F60720FFFAFF80FD5AFB61FCCFB4F9" box="[699,785,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="348A7ACCFFFAFF80FCC1FB60FC83B4F8" box="[800,861,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,187,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[188,1399,187,1815]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macroscopic and microscopic features of Russula pakaraimaeae. A–C. Macroscopic features. A. Dried herbarium collection of the holotype, TH9503; Note: no photos were taken of fresh basidiomata; B. Basidiomata developing from hyphal cords inhabiting coarse leaf litter of Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, TH9515; C. Basidiomata developing from hyphal cords inhabiting coarse leaf litter of Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, TH9548. Scale bars = 1 cm. D–J. Microscopic characteristics of Russula pakaraimaeae (holotype TH9503). D. Basidiospores; E. Pileocystidia; F. Diagram of a section of the pileipellis; G. Caulocystidia; H. Hymenial cystidia; I. Marginal cells; J. Basidia and basidioles. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520307/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Fig 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF80FF69FB58FE95B49C" blockId="6.[136,1452,1206,1624]" box="[136,331,1206,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Mycobank: 854654.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E4AB35C2FFFAFF8EFF69FB34FC5BB50C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF80FF69FB34FE42B598" blockId="6.[136,1452,1206,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FF69FB34FE06B4BF" box="[136,472,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FF1BFB34FE06B4BF" authorityName="S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel" authorityYear="2024" box="[250,472,1242,1263]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakaraimaeae">Russula pakaraimaeae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is characterized by its small stature (pileus 5–17 (25) mm), its occurrence in the Upper Mazaruni Basin of
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<collectingCountry id="D4A626D9FFFAFF80FEF2FB10FE80B543" box="[275,350,1278,1299]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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in fringe forests surrounding the Pegaima savanna in association with
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FC1EFB10FAF3B543" box="[1023,1325,1278,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpaceae">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FC1EFB10FAF3B543" box="[1023,1325,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpaceae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and possibly
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FF5CFACCFEB0B567" box="[189,366,1314,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FF5CFACCFEB0B567" box="[189,366,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Dicymbe jenmanii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by its fruiting habit with branching or single rhizoidal base attached to large fallen leaves and organic debris, by its dark red to brownish violet pileus with pruinose white margin when young, stipe viscid in wet conditions wet then with appressed fibrillose squamules often flushed pinkish when conditions are dry, spores of isolated verrucae with no interconnections and a distinct suprahilar plage that occasionally forms a partial collar on the apiculus, by its long hairlike pileocystidia arising from scattered swollen cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF80FF69FA38FA95B5BC" blockId="6.[136,1452,1206,1624]" box="[136,1355,1494,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FF69FA38FF31B5BB" box="[136,239,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Etymology</emphasis>
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: in reference to the occurrence in forests fringing savanna dominated by
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FC4CFA38FB0CB5BB" box="[941,1234,1494,1515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FC4CFA38FB0CB5BB" box="[941,1234,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FB3EFA38FA9FB5BC" box="[1247,1345,1494,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cistaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF80FF69FA14FABCB608" blockId="6.[136,1452,1206,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FF69FA14FF3EB65F" box="[136,224,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="730AD8EBFFFAFF80FF69FA14FF3EB65F" box="[136,224,1530,1551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="D4A626D9FFFAFF80FF0EFA14FE86B65F" box="[239,344,1530,1551]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
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. Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Mazaruni River Basin, fringing forest around the Pegaima savanna,
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<quantity id="6B49CBACFFFAFF80FAD2FA14FAA7B640" box="[1331,1401,1530,1552]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
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S of Pegaima base camp located at
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<geoCoordinate id="C985008EFFFAFF80FE01F9F0FDB5B663" box="[480,619,1565,1588]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" precision="1" seconds="21.3" value="5.43925">5° 26′ 21.3′′ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="C985008EFFFAFF80FD95F9F0FCD0B663" box="[628,782,1565,1588]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" precision="1" seconds="43.1" value="-60.078636">60° 04′ 43.1″ W</geoCoordinate>
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, ~
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<quantity id="6B49CBACFFFAFF80FCC3F9F0FCBEB663" box="[802,864,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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elevation; under
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FBE5F9F0FAF7B663" box="[1028,1321,1566,1587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FBE5F9F0FAF7B663" box="[1028,1321,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFAFF80FAB7F9F0FECFB607" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FAB7F9F0FECFB607" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Dicymbe jenmanii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="D80F4089FFFAFF80FEFCF9ACFE08B607" box="[285,470,1602,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" value="2010-12-21">21 December 2010</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FE01F9ADFD57B607" box="[480,649,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">T.W. Henkel 9503</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FD76F9ACFD31B607" bold="true" box="[663,751,1602,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="730AD8EBFFFAFF80FD76F9ACFD31B607" box="[663,751,1602,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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BRG;
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FCD2F9ACFC5AB608" bold="true" box="[819,900,1602,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="730AD8EBFFFAFF80FCD2F9ACFC5AB608" box="[819,900,1602,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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HSCF 004453, RMS). GenBank ITS KC155378.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFAFF8EFF69F968FD86B174" blockId="6.[136,1452,1670,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1459,158,1373]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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Macroscopic description:—
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FE5FF968FDDAB6F0" box="[446,516,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Pileus</emphasis>
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5–17(25) mm broad, first convex and sometimes mammilate, then broadly convex to slightly depressed, with or without umbo; margin decurved, entire but markedly pruinose when young, then frequently minutely lacerate or crenulate with age, smooth to obscurely striate when young, faintly plicate to subsulcate when older, striations
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<quantity id="6B49CBACFFFAFF80FEA1F91CFE41B75D" box="[320,415,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
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in length; pellis dull to shiny, heavily pruinose when young especially toward the margin, viscid when wet, subfloccose to subtomentose when dry, matted toward the margin, dark red (11C6–11C7) to brownish violet (11D7–8) to violet brown (11F7–8) with extreme margin white when young, then red to dark red or brownish red(10B7–10D7,8) when expanded, disk and umbo remaining violet brown (11E6–11F8).
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FB9EF8B0FB39B728" box="[1151,1255,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Lamellae</emphasis>
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<quantity id="6B49CBACFFFAFF80FB0FF8B0FA94B729" box="[1262,1354,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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broad at mid-radius, adnate to slightly sinuate to subdecurrent, close to subdistant, entire, white when young, eventually pale yellow (3A 2–3); lamellulae rare to absent.
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<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFAFF80FD8DF849FD7AB791" box="[620,676,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Stipe</emphasis>
|
||
14–33 (48) × 1.5–3 (5) mm, equal or more typically tapered to single or branching rhizoid-like base, attachment central, even to slightly irregular, flattening, canaliculate with age, pruinose above, middle portions with white to pink appressed fibrillose squamules, base subtomentose, white to cream (3A 2–3) at apex (i.e. concolorous with lamellae, middle portions overlain with pale red areolae frequently in a stretch-mark like pattern over a white or yellowish white (3A2) ground; the base concolorous with the apex; viscid in wet conditions. Context in pileus
|
||
<quantity id="6B49CBACFFF4FF8EFEACFF2CFE61B08D" box="[333,447,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at mid-radius pliant, white, pale pink immediately below cuticle, especially at disk; trama in stipe stuffed at maturity, outer cylinder pale yellow surrounding white central core; odor mild; taste mild to faintly sweet or slightly bitter; FeSO4 not noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F8CE36C1FFFBFF81FF69F8DCFD3EB7AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14520307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520307/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" startId="7.[136,229,1842,1864]" targetBox="[191,1395,187,1803]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFFBFF81FF69F8DCFD3EB7AC" blockId="7.[136,1452,1842,2045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FF69F8DCFF22B717" bold="true" box="[136,252,1842,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Macroscopic and microscopic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFBFF81FD6CF8DCFCB3B718" authorityName="S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel" authorityYear="2024" box="[653,877,1842,1864]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakaraimaeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FD6CF8DCFCB3B718" bold="true" box="[653,877,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Russula pakaraimaeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FC99F8DCFC72B718" bold="true" box="[888,940,1842,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
Macroscopic features.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FB6FF8DCFB7BB717" bold="true" box="[1166,1189,1842,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dried herbarium collection of the holotype, TH9503; Note: no photos were taken of fresh basidiomata;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FC9DF8B9FC4CB73C" bold="true" box="[892,914,1879,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidiomata developing from hyphal cords inhabiting coarse leaf litter of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFBFF81FEA8F895FD43B7C0" authority=", TH" authorityName="TH" box="[329,669,1914,1936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FEA8F895FDB1B7C0" box="[329,623,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
, TH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9515;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FD3BF894FD2CB7C0" bold="true" box="[730,754,1914,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidiomata developing from hyphal cords inhabiting coarse leaf litter of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFBFF81FF45F871FE26B7E4" authority=", TH" authorityName="TH" box="[164,504,1950,1972]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FF45F871FE14B7E4" box="[164,458,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
, TH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9548. Scale bars = 1 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FCE3F871FCEFB7E4" bold="true" box="[770,817,1951,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">D–J.</emphasis>
|
||
Microscopic characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFFBFF81FB85F870FA96B7E4" authorityName="S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel" authorityYear="2024" box="[1124,1352,1950,1972]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakaraimaeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FB85F870FA96B7E4" bold="true" box="[1124,1352,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Russula pakaraimaeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype TH9503).
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FF17F82DFED0B788" bold="true" box="[246,270,1987,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidiospores;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FE52F82DFE14B788" bold="true" box="[435,458,1987,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Pileocystidia;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FDBDF82DFDB5B788" bold="true" box="[604,619,1987,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Diagram of a section of the pileipellis;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FC1EF82CFBC6B788" bold="true" box="[1023,1048,1986,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Caulocystidia;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FB5AF82DFB0AB788" bold="true" box="[1211,1236,1987,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Hymenial cystidia;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FA7DF82DFA7BB788" bold="true" box="[1436,1445,1987,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal cells;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFFBFF81FEFFF809FEF4B7AC" bold="true" box="[286,298,2023,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Basidia and basidioles. Scale bars = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFF4FF8EFF5CFEC0FA9BB3A5" blockId="8.[136,1459,158,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Microscopic description:—
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFE13FEC0FD4EB118" box="[498,656,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Basidiospores</emphasis>
|
||
7.2–8.8 × 5.8–7.04 (x= 7.96 × 6.4, Q = 1.25–1.3, Qm=1.25), broadly ellipsoid; ornamentation of widely distributed, isolated, acute, narrowly conical elements, 1.5–2(–2.5) μm high, amyloid, darkest near the apiculus; suprahilar plage large and verruculose, not or forming a collar on the apiculus.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFAF6FE98FAB3B1C0" box="[1303,1389,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Basidia</emphasis>
|
||
25–3 × 8–10 μm, subcylindrical to clavate, 4-spored, sterigmata long, 6.4–10 × 1.5–1.9 μm.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFBAFFE74FAC6B1E4" box="[1102,1304,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Hymenial cystidia</emphasis>
|
||
35–50 × 6–8 μm, cylindrical, subclavate to clavate, obtuse to capitate, or occasionally rostrate, mostly thin-walled, some thick-walled, some long, arising deep within the lamella trama, others shorter arising in hymenium, emergent 2–40 μm above basidia, scattered to numerous 800-1000 per mm
|
||
<superScript id="5BC4CB01FFF4FF8EFDB9FDE8FDBEB244" attach="left" box="[600,608,518,532]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">2</superScript>
|
||
, SV–.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFD53FDE8FC89B270" box="[690,855,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Marginal cells</emphasis>
|
||
45–75 × 7–13 μm, subclavate, fusiform, mucronate or irregular, strongly emergent, mixing with small basidia, moderately numerous. Subhymenium well developed of small tightly packed spherical cells of 10 μm diam. Lamellar trama composed of many large sphaerocytes,and nests of relatively small, nearly isodiametrical to globose sphaerocytes, interwoven with cylindrical hyphae.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFAD2FD9CFA7BB2DC" box="[1331,1445,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pileipellis</emphasis>
|
||
, two-layered; subpellis of slightly interwoven inflated to swollen hyphae of 6–15μm diam; suprapellis arranged in a loose trichoderm from pileus center to pileus margin composed of infrequently branching spindly hyphae, 5–12 μm diam, cylindrical to clavate or digitate, obtuse or sinuous and irregularly constricted, often multi-septate, thin- or thick-walled, often arising from inflated cells;
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFDB8FCECFD35B34C" box="[601,747,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pileocystidia</emphasis>
|
||
50–250 μm × 3–5 µm obtuse digitate or capitate, pedicellate, septate, irregularly constricted or swollen at the septum, banded with refringent contents particularly near the septa, thin-or thick-walled, arising deep in the trama but extending 120–160 µm above the surface of the pellis, these easily disarticulated in microscopic preparations, SV- to pale grey, orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, the contents or interior of the walls acid resistant in BF, no incrustations were observed.
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFC9EFC7CFC21B3FC" box="[895,1023,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
|
||
resembling the pileipellis, composed of branching, septate, irregularly shaped hyphae that taper at the apex, and long pedicellate, septate, thick-walled caulocystidia that are cylindrical, digitate, clavate, obtuse or capitate and irregularly constricted 50–250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFF4FF8EFF5CFC10FE60B4F8" blockId="8.[136,1459,158,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Habit, habitat, and distribution:—Solitary or in small troops in December on humic matter and large fallen leaves on forest floor in ECM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFE1AFBCDFD0DB46C" box="[507,723,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFE1AFBCDFD0DB46C" box="[507,723,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">P. dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFD3AFBCCFC72B46C" box="[731,940,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicymbe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jenmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFD3AFBCCFC72B46C" box="[731,940,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Dicymbe jenmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
savanna fringing forests, or in stands with only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFF22FBA9FE47B430" box="[195,409,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFF22FBA9FE47B430" box="[195,409,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">P. dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sequences corresponding to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFD10FBA9FC6CB430" authorityName="S. L. Mill. & T. W. Henkel" authorityYear="2024" box="[753,946,1094,1120]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakaraimaeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFD10FBA9FC6CB430" box="[753,946,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">R. pakaraimaeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been found from the sampling of ectomycorrhizal roots at the Pegaima savanna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C8201BB8FFF4FF8EFD45FB84FCAFB4D4" author="Smith, M. E. & Henkel, T. W. & Uehling, J. K. & Fremier, A. K. & Clarke, H. D. & Vilgalys, R." box="[676,881,1130,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" refId="ref9635" refString="Smith, M. E., Henkel, T. W., Uehling, J. K., Fremier, A. K., Clarke, H. D. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) The ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a neotropical forest dominated by the endemic dipterocarp pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea. PLoS ONE 8 (1): e 55160. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0055160" type="journal volume" year="2013">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFD10FB85FCF2B4D4" box="[753,812,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="730AD8EBFFF4FF8EFB67FB85FB68B4D5" box="[1158,1206,1131,1157]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the Upper Mazaruni Basin of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D4A626D9FFF4FF8EFEBEFB60FE64B4F8" box="[351,442,1166,1192]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC0E6649FFF4FF8EFF5CFB5CFC5BB50C" blockId="8.[136,1459,158,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Additional specimens examined:—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1CD96C14FFF4FF8EFDA3FB5CFB36B4A1" country="Guyana" county="Pegaima" latitude="5.43925" location="Pakaraima Mountains" municipality="Pegaima" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D4A626D9FFF4FF8EFDA3FB5CFD60B49C" box="[578,702,1202,1228]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="A96E3092FFF4FF8EFD27FB5CFC65B49C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C:A96E3092FFF4FF8EFD27FB5CFC65B49C" box="[710,955,1202,1228]" country="Guyana" county="Pegaima" latitude="5.43925" municipality="Pegaima" name="Pakaraima Mountains" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pakaraima Mountains</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A96E3092FFF4FF8EFC25FB5DFADAB49C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2418D75FFFFAFF8EFF69FB60FC5BB50C:A96E3092FFF4FF8EFC25FB5DFADAB49C" box="[964,1284,1202,1229]" country="Guyana" county="Pegaima" latitude="5.43925" municipality="Pegaima" name="Upper Mazaruni River Basin" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Upper Mazaruni River Basin</location>
|
||
, fringing forest around the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4C6AFC33FFF4FF8EFEE4FB38FEBBB4A0" box="[261,357,1238,1264]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pegaima</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
savanna, within a
|
||
<quantity id="6B49CBACFFF4FF8EFDD5FB38FD5CB4A0" box="[564,642,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||
radius of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="456F1EC5FFF4FF8EFD10FB38FC8FB4A0" box="[753,849,1238,1264]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pegaima</collectingCounty>
|
||
base camp located at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C985008EFFF4FF8EFBA4FB38FB36B4A1" box="[1093,1256,1238,1267]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" precision="1" seconds="21.3" value="5.43925">5° 26′ 21.3′′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C985008EFFF4FF8EFB15FB38FA79B4A1" box="[1268,1447,1238,1267]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" precision="1" seconds="43.1" value="-60.078636">60° 04′ 43.1″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ~
|
||
<quantity id="6B49CBACFFF4FF8EFF77FB14FF3EB545" box="[150,224,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1CD96C14FFF4FF8EFEBEFB14FDB6B568" collectingDate="2010-12-22" collectionCode="N, T, W, BRG, RMS" collectorName="Henkel" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" specimenCode="HSCF 004454" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="6B49CBACFFF4FF8EFEBEFB14FE70B544" box="[351,430,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="km" value="0.1">0.1 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFE57FB15FE14B545" box="[438,458,1275,1301]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
of base camp in pure stand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFCCCFB14FB5AB544" box="[813,1156,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFCCCFB14FB5AB544" box="[813,1156,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D80F4089FFF4FF8EFB75FB14FAB1B544" box="[1172,1391,1274,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" value="2010-12-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C84BB961FFF4FF8EFB75FB14FAB1B544" box="[1172,1391,1274,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" value="2010-12-22">22 December 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFA9AFB15FEC9B568" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFA9AFB15FA52B544" box="[1403,1420,1275,1300]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFA6EFB15FA76B544" box="[1423,1448,1275,1300]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="0144039FFFF4FF8EFF69FAF0FF09B568" box="[136,215,1310,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Henkel</collectorName>
|
||
9515
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFEC7FAF0FEBAB568" box="[294,356,1310,1336]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="FC17CE32FFF4FF8EFE91FAF0FDC8B569" box="[368,534,1310,1337]" collectionCode="HSCF" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">HSCF 004454</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFDC0FAF0FDBFB568" box="[545,609,1310,1336]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14987" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14987" name="University of Wyoming" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">RMS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1CD96C14FFF4FF8EFD95FAF0FCA0B50C" collectingDate="2010-12-26" collectionCode="T, W, BRG, RMS" collectorName="Henkel" country="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" specimenCode="HSCF 004455" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="6B49CBACFFF4FF8EFD95FAF0FD1DB568" box="[628,707,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of base camp in pure stand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BB11DCAFFF4FF8EFBAFFAF0FA7AB568" box="[1102,1444,1310,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Pakaraimaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipterocarpacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFBAFFAF0FA7AB568" box="[1102,1444,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D80F4089FFF4FF8EFF69FAACFEBEB50C" box="[136,352,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" value="2010-12-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C84BB961FFF4FF8EFF69FAACFEBEB50C" box="[136,352,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" value="2010-12-26">26 December 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9EC5BA5BFFF4FF8EFE8AFAADFDEFB50C" box="[363,561,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFE8AFAADFEA2B50C" box="[363,380,1347,1372]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFE9EFAADFE46B50C" box="[383,408,1347,1372]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="0144039FFFF4FF8EFE43FAACFE2FB50C" box="[418,497,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Henkel</collectorName>
|
||
9548
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFDA1FAACFDA0B50C" box="[576,638,1346,1372]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="FC17CE32FFF4FF8EFD68FAACFCF0B50D" box="[649,814,1346,1373]" collectionCode="HSCF" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">HSCF 004455</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CAA0FE8CFFF4FF8EFCD8FAACFCA8B50C" box="[825,886,1346,1372]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14987" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14987" name="University of Wyoming" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="Herbarium">RMS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |